Proceedings of the FIRST ASIA DAIRY GOAT CONFERENCE April 9 – 12, 2012 Corus Hotel Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-PROCEEDINGS FIRST ASIA DAIRY GOAT CONFERENCE 9-12 APRIL 2012 CORUS HOTEL KUALA LUMPUR PUBLISHED By Universiti Putra Malaysia and The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations EDITORS: Raseede Abdullah M. Ariff Omar Harinder Makkar Joachim Otte M. Ali Rajion A. Razak Alimon Liang Juan Boo Haw Ah Kam Chen Wei Li The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 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PREFACE The goat was the first animal to be domesticated by humankind. The global goat population currently stands at 921 million, of which over 90% are found in developing countries. Asia is home to about 60% of the total world goat population and has the largest goat breed share of 26%. Goats play a vital socio-economic role in Asian agriculture, particularly for resource-poor people living in harsh environments. Non-cattle milk accounts for approximately 15% of the total milk consumption by humans worldwide. Asia contributes approximately 59% to world goat milk production and Asia‟s demand for animal products, fueled by increasing populations and growing disposable incomes, is increasing at a high rate. Despite their socio-economic importance, goat rearing has not attracted much attention of development practitioners, science managers and researchers or policy makers in Asia. However, lately, due to the emerging challenges of climate change and increasing pressure on natural resources and the high value of goat meat and milk across a number of Asian countries, the potential of goats with their high adaptability to a wide array of environmental conditions and „low quality‟ feed resources is being increasingly appreciated. Goats use poor quality roughages with high cell wall and low protein contents more efficiently than other domesticated animals. In Asia concerted efforts are needed to address issues facing goat farmers and the goat milk processing industry to fully exploit the potential of goats. FAO joined with the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Department of Veterinary Science, Malaysia and the International Dairy Federation (IDF) in organizing the First Asia Dairy Goat Conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 9 to 12 April 2012. The conference provided a platform to share technical information and experiences and to network for the promotion of dairy goat farming. The conference was attended by 130 participants from 20 countries and 5 continents. These proceedings contained keynote and plenary addresses and research papers covering various disciplines including nutrition, breeding and genetics, milk and milk products and socio-economics of goat production. The deliberations and the information presented in the proceedings lead to the following conclusions and recommendations: a) there is a huge demand for goat milk in Asian countries, b) the sale price of goat milk is 2 to 4 times higher than that of cow milk in many Asian countries, c) the goat milk processing industry is not well developed in Asia and there is a need to address this issue through public-private partnerships, e) R&D work on goat production has been neglected and there is a need to generate knowledge in the areas of nutrition, health, reproduction and genetic diversity and to collate and disseminate the already available information, f) the extension work and training of goat farmers should be given top priority, g) development of sound and relevant policy options, institution building and linking farmers to markets should be addressed, leading to both increase in goat milk production and processing of goat milk, e) South-South and North-South collaboration should be promoted in areas that lead to increase in goat milk production and processing. The deliberations also stressed the need for an Asia Dairy Goat Network, and we are pleased to report that the Network, with secretariat based in UPM, and having the mission: a) facilitation, generation, collection, dissemination and exchange of knowledge on goat production, b) provision of technical, institutional and policy support to stakeholders involved in goat production and goat milk processing, and c) promotion of improved and sustainable dairy goat farming in Asia will be launched within this year. With the publication of the conference proceedings, we hope that goat farmers, goat rearing and goat milk processing industry would attract the attention they rightfully deserve. Hiroyuki Konuma Professor Dr Zukifli Idrus Berhe G. Tekola Assistant Director-General Director Director and Regional Representative Institute of Tropical Agriculture Animal Production and Health for Asia and the Pacific Universiti Putra Malaysia FAO FAO RAP, Bangkok CONTENTS KEYNOTE ADDRESS Keynote 1 Dairy Goats in Asia: Multifunctional Relevance and Contribution 1 to Food and Nutrition Security Devendra, C. PLENARY PAPERS Plenary 1 Linking Smallholders to Markets – Opportunities and Challenges 7 Otte, M.J., V. Ahuja & D. Roland-Holst Plenary 2 Challenges Facing Dairy Goat Farmers in Malaysia 11 Jamaluddin, A.A., K. Idris & R. Roslaini Plenary 3 Dairy Goat Farming in Australia: Current Challenges and Future 14 Developments Celi, P. & P.J. White Plenary 4 Improving Dairy Goat Productivity with Concomitant Mitigation 19 of Methane Abecia, L., J. Balcells, P.G. Tora, A.I. Martín-García, G. Martínez, N.W. Tomkins, E. Molina-Alcaide, C.J. Newbold & D.R. Yáñez-Ruiz Plenary 5 The Possibility of Controlling Flow of Metabolic H into Various 24 Pathways in Rumen Fermentation to Improve Dairy Goat Productivity Mitsumori, M., O. Enishi & T. Shinkai Plenary 6 IDF Perspectives on the Global Dairy Situation and Development 27 Perspectives for Non-Cow Milk Seifert, J. Plenary 7 Goat Milk and Human Nutrition 31 Park, Y.W. Plenary 8 Microbiota of Goat Milk and Goat Milk Cheeses 39 Tsakalidou, E. Plenary 9 The Welfare of Dairy Goats 43 Phillips, C.J.C. COUNTRY REPORTS Country Dairy Goats in Indonesia: Potential, Opportunities and Challenges 47 Report 1 Astuti, D.A. & A. Sudarman Country Dairy goat in Vietnam: Potential, Opportunities and Challenges 52 Report 2 Nguyen, M.D. & N.A. Nguyen Country Dairy Goats in Thailand: Potential, Opportunities and Challenges 56 Report 3 Anothaisinthawee, S., S. Nakavisut, S. Yuyuen & T. Thongchumroon Country Dairy goat in Pakistan: Potential, Opportunities and Challenges 60 Report 4 Khan, M.F. & F. Ashfaq ORAL PAPERS Nutrition Lead Paper 1 Perspectives for Increasing Nutrient Use Efficiency in Dairy Goat 65 Production Makkar, H.P.S. Paper 1 Use of Indigofera zollingeriana as Forage Protein Source in Dairy 70 Goat Ration Abdullah, L., D. Apriastuti & T.A.P. Apdini Paper 2 Protein Requirement for Maintenance and Gain of Growing Goat 73 Fed Leucaena leucocephalade Roughage-Based Diet in Thailand Chaokaur, A., S. Poathong, S. Srisuk, S. Maiklang, S. Wiangsanthiah & C. Santhong Paper 3 Yield and Quality of Forage Affected by Molybdenum Fertiliser 75 and Legume Genotype Susilawati, I., H. Djuned, A.R. Tarmidi & D.H. Arief Paper 4 The Use of Rain Tree Pods as a Feed Supplement for Dairy Goats 77 Jetana, T., S. Usawang & M. Techakampu Paper 5 Effect of Jerusalem Artichoke Supplementation on Methanogenics 82 Achaea in Dairy Goats using Real Time PCR Kanokwan, K., S. Paengkoum, P. Kongmun, Z. Yu & P. Paengkoum Paper 6 Production and Quality of Pasture with Introduced Legumes for 85 Dairy Goats Karti, P.D.M.H.K., L. Abdullah, D.A. Astuti, N. Kurniaty & R. Nissa Paper 7 Evaluation of Tree Leaves as a Crude Protein and Energy 88 Supplement to the Low Quality Diets of Dairy Goats Khan, N.A., G. Habib, Altaf-Ur-Rehman, M. Suleman & G. Ullah Paper 8 Assessment of Grewia oppositifolia Leaves as Crude Protein 91 Supplement to Low Quality Diets of Goats Khan, S., N.A. Khan, G. Habib, M.S. Qureshi & A. Sultan Paper 9 Effect of Intersowing Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) with 93 Dwarf Napier Grass on Yield and Quality for Biomass Use Khairani, L., Y. Ishii, S. Idota, R.F. Utamy & A. Nishiwaki Paper 10 Effect of Feeding Pattern on Rumen Microorganism Population 96 in Saanen Goats Thongruang, S., S. Paengkoum & P. Paengkoum Paper 11 Supplementation of Leucaena and Acacia Mangium Willd 99 Foliages on Microbial N Supply, Digestibility and N Balance in Saanen Goats Traiyakun, S., A. Petlum, J. Khotsakdee & P. Paengkoum Paper 12 Enhancing Performance of Dairy Goat by Biscuit Feeding as Fiber 101 Source Retnani, Y. Breeding and Genetic Paper 13 Development of a New Quantitative Competitive PCR Assay for 103 Rumen Butyrate-Producing Bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Taheri Ghahfarokhi, A., M. Tahmoorespur & Y. Shamshirgaran Lead Paper 2 Reproductive, Production and Economic Performances of the 106 Damascus (Shami) Goat of Cyprus Abdullah, R., M.S. Salleh, W.E. Wan Khadijah & A.P.