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Iihs.Org Michigan Traffic Safety Summit Lansing, MI ● March 26, 2014

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Iihs.Org Michigan Traffic Safety Summit Lansing, MI ● March 26, 2014 Trends in Highway Safety: From Crashworthiness to Crash Avoidance www.iihs.org Michigan Traffic Safety Summit Lansing, MI ● March 26, 2014 David Zuby, Chief Research Officer The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, founded in 1959, is an independent, nonprofit, scientific, and educational organization dedicated to reducing the losses — deaths, injuries, and property damage — from crashes on the nation’s roads. The Highway Loss Data Institute, founded in 1972, shares and supports this mission through scientific studies of insurance data representing the human and economic losses resulting from the ownership and operation of different types of vehicles and by publishing insurance loss results by vehicle make and model. Both organizations are wholly supported by auto insurers. www.iihs.org Where are we? Location of IIHS/HLDI and Vehicle Research Center Washington, DC Arlington Charlottesville Virginia www.iihs.org IIHS members write 85% of private passenger market • Acceptance Insurance • Farmers Mutual Hail Insurance Company of Iowa • Northern Neck Insurance Company • ACE Private Risk Services • Farmers Mutual of Nebraska • Ohio Mutual Insurance Group • Affirmative Insurance • Fireman's Fund Insurance Company • Old American County Mutual Fire Insurance • Agency Insurance Company of Maryland • Florida Farm Bureau Insurance Companies • Old American Indemnity Company • Alfa Alliance Insurance Corporation • Frankenmuth Insurance • Oregon Mutual Insurance • Alfa Insurance • Gainsco Insurance • Pekin Insurance • Allstate Insurance Group • GEICO Group • PEMCO Insurance • American Family Mutual Insurance • Georgia Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company • Plymouth Rock Assurance • American National Property and Casualty Company • Goodville Mutual Casualty Company • Progressive Corporation • Ameriprise Auto & Home • Grange Insurance • QBE • Amica Mutual Insurance Company • Hallmark Insurance Company • The Responsive Auto Insurance Company • ARI Insurance Companies • Hanover Insurance Group • Rockingham Group • Auto Club Enterprises • The Hartford • Safe Auto Insurance • Auto Club Group • Haulers Insurance Company, Inc. • Safeco Insurance • Auto-Owners Insurance • Horace Mann Insurance Companies • Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Company • Aviva Insurance • ICW Group • SECURA Insurance • Bankers Insurance Group • Imperial Fire & Casualty Insurance Company • Sentry Insurance • Bituminous Insurance Companies • Indiana Farmers Mutual Insurance Company • Shelter Insurance • California Casualty Group • Infinity Property & Casualty • Sompo Japan Insurance Company of America • California State Auto Group • Kemper Preferred • South Carolina Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company • Capital Insurance Group • Kentucky Farm Bureau Insurance • Southern Farm Bureau Casualty Insurance Company • Chubb & Son • Liberty Mutual Insurance Company • State Auto Insurance Companies • Colorado Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company • Louisiana Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company • State Farm • Commonwealth Mutual Insurance Company of America • Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund • Tennessee Farmers Mutual Insurance Company • Concord Group Insurance Companies • Mercury Insurance Group • Texas Farm Bureau Insurance Companies • COUNTRY Financial • MetLife Auto & Home • Tower Group Companies • CSE Insurance Group • Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance Company • The Travelers Companies • Dallas National Insurance Company • MiddleOak • United Educators • Direct General Corporation • Mississippi Farm Bureau Casualty Insurance Company • USAA • Driver's Insurance Group • MMG Insurance • Utica National Insurance Group • Erie Insurance Group • Mutual of Enumclaw Insurance Company • Virginia Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance • Esurance • Nationwide • West Bend Mutual Insurance Company • Farm Bureau Financial Services • New Jersey Manufacturers Insurance Group • Western National • Farm Bureau Insurance of Michigan • Nodak Mutual Insurance Company • Westfield Insurance • Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company of Idaho • Norfolk & Dedham Group • Young America Insurancewww.iihs.org Company • Farmers Insurance Group of Companies • North Carolina Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company • Zurich North America Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Organization as of February 2014 Total employees (105) • Arlington, Virginia – headquarters (66 employees) – Research & Communications (48) – Highway Loss Data Institute (18) • Ruckersville, Virginia – Vehicle Research Center (39 employees) www.iihs.org 2014 IIHS and HLDI budget In millions IIHS $18.1 HLDI $ 3.6 total $21.7 www.iihs.org Haddon matrix Recognizing opportunities to make a difference crash phase changes in… before during after losses •licensing (GDL, elderly) •restraints use(use) •alcohol •injuries •impaired driving laws •helmets •deaths people •camera enforcement •speed cameras •economic •driver assistance •restraints effect(effect) •crash •damage notification •daytime running lights •vehicle structure •repairability vehicles •fuel systems •electronic control •bumpersBumpers •intersectionsintersection design design •roundabouts •emergency •economic medicine •trouble -spotsspot treatment treatment •breakaway poles •fuel economy environment •rumble strips •crash cushions www.iihs.org IIHS and HLDI research has contributed significantly to the decline of motor vehicle crash injuries during the past 50+ years 60,000 80 crash deaths per billion vehicle miles traveled 55,000 motor vehicle crash deaths 60 50,000 45,000 40 40,000 33,561 20 35,000 11.3 per billion 30,000 0 1950 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 www.iihs.org Making drivers safer – Alcohol ignition interlocks www.iihs.org Percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers with BACs at or above specified levels 1982-2012 50 40 30 20 0.08 g/dL or more 10 0.15 g/dL or more 0 1982 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 www.iihs.org Alcohol ignition interlocks • Driver blows into a tube to test breath for alcohol • Vehicle won’t start if certain amount of alcohol detected • Periodic retests while vehicle is in motion • BAC ≤ 0.025 percent is typical threshold for DUI offenders www.iihs.org Laws mandating alcohol ignition interlock orders February 2014 WA ND NH MT VT MN ME SD WI OR ID WY MI NY IA MA NE PA IL OH IN RI NV NJ UT CO CT KS MO WV DE KY VA CA MD OK TN NC DC AZ NM AR SC MS AL GA LA TX judicial discretion only repeat offenders high-BAC first offenders AK FL high-BAC first & repeat offenders all offenders HI www.iihs.org Installed interlocks in United States 1986-2013 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1986 1990 1994 1997 2002 2006 2010 www.iihs.org Timeline of Washington state interlock laws Issuance of interlock Interlock orders moves from available courts to immediately Department of after arrest in Licensing lieu of Courts administrative permitted to license order interlocks suspension July 23, Jan. 1, 2003 2009 1987 Jan. 1, June 10, Jan. 1, 1999 2004 2011 Courts must order Minimum interlocks for repeat 4-month interlock Interlocks required offenders and installment for first offenders first offenders with required for with BACs < 0.15% BACs ≥ 0.15% or license (simple DUI) alcohol test refusal reinstatement Predicted cumulative 2-year recidivism rate for 1st simple DUI convictions with & without 2004 law change By quarter of arrest, January 1999-June 2006 12% 10% -12% 8% 6% without 2004 law change all offender law with 2004 law change 4% 2% 0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 www.iihs.org Cumulative 2-year recidivism rate and projected rate with 100 percent interlock use Arrests April-June 2006 10 recidivism with actual use 8 recidivism with 100% use 6 4 2 0 1st simple DUI offenders all 1st DUI offenders (34% actual use rate) (24% actual use rate) www.iihs.org Recommendations to states • Extend interlock laws to all DUI offenders • Seek ways to increase use rates • Reconsider loopholes that permit reductions in DUI charges to other traffic offenses without interlock requirements • Publicize interlock laws to deter all drivers from driving when impaired www.iihs.org Making drivers safer – Graduated driver licensing www.iihs.org Passenger vehicle driver crash rates Per mile traveled, by driver age, 2008 35 all police-reported crashes per million miles traveled 30 fatal crashes per 100 million miles traveled 25 20 15 10 5 0 16 17 18 19 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85+ driver age www.iihs.org Percent reduction in teenagers’ crash rates By graduated licensing component 1-year delay in permit age 1-year delay in license age 9 p.m. driving restriction teen passengers limited to 0 or 1 20 or more hours of practice driving 0 5 10 15 20 fatal crashes per population, 15-17-year-old drivers collision claim frequencies, 16-17-year-old drivers www.iihs.org Graduated Driver Licensing Best practice provisions, May 2012 • Minimum permit age – 16 years • Practice hours requirement – 65 hours • Minimum licensing age (intermediate stage) – 17 years • Intermediate stage driving restrictions – No teenage passengers – No nighttime driving beginning at 8 pm www.iihs.org Estimated effects of teen driver licensing changes in Michigan www.iihs.org Making roads safer – Roundabouts www.iihs.org www.iihs.org 7,707 deaths at intersections in 2010 Distribution by type of traffic control red light running crash deaths 9% no traffic control signal light 28% 32% other 6% stop sign 34% www.iihs.org Roundabouts are circular intersections with design features that eliminate the need for stop signs or traffic signals www.iihs.org Conversion of stop sign and traffic
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