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Food and Nutrition Security.Pdf (2.713Mb) Proceedings of the Inaugural National Nutrition Congress (INNC) Editors : A. O. Makokha • A. Wangalachi FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY FOR HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDINGS OF THE INAUGURAL NATIONAL NUTRITION CONGRESS 21ST - 23RD FEBRUARY 2005, NAIROBI, KENYA EDITORS A. O. Makokha A. Wangalachi www.k-can.or.ke Kenya Coalition for Action in Nutrition P. O. Box 7537 – 00200 Tel: 4444890/3 Nairobi. Kenya. Email: [email protected] www.k-can.or.ke Copyright ©: All parts of this book may be reproduced and used for educational purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. The opinions expressed in the book are those of the authors of the respective papers, and are not necessarily held true by KCAN or the editors. © Kenya Coalition for Action in Nutrition, 2006 ISBN 92-1-131619-7 HS/631/01E Design & Layout: Jenexis Design Limited MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTE Dr Alice Mwangi Chairperson Faith Thuita Co-chairperson Joseph Mutuku Secretary Dr Anselimo Makokha Chairman, Scientific Sub-committee Dr Margaret Wagah Chairperson, Fundraising Sub-committee Anne Wangalachi Albert Webale Florence Njoroge Helen Mungai Prof. Wambui Kogi-Makau Florence Kimata ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The organizers of the INNC acknowledge with gratitude, the generous financial, material and moral support of the following: • Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) • Food Security Analysis Unit (FSAU) • Christian Children’s Fund (CCF) • Unilever Kenya Ltd • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Kenya Country Office • Coca Cola Nairobi Ltd • Kenya Horticulture Development Programme (KHDP) • DAAD • African Institute for Capacity and Development (AICAD) • Regional Centre for Quality Health Care (RCQHC). • United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 4 CONTENTS 1. Under and over Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: the big challenge-Key note Address, Sigot J. Foreword from the KCAN Chairperson 1. Food Security 2. *The Impact of Economic Depression on Food Consumption Patterns Among Students in A Nigerian University, Uko-Aviomoh E.E* 4 3. The Potential of Horticulture in Alleviating Hunger and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Kenyan Households, Rutto L.K and Wamocho.S.L. 4. The Role of Post Harvest Management in Food Security 11 A Mango Case Study, Wangalachi A.M., New S. and Humphrey 5. Sedentarization of the Maasai and its Impacts to Household Food Adequacy: 15 A Case Study Within a Child Survival Area, Namelok, Kajiado District, Muthoka S., Kogi-Makau W. and Mwadime R.N. 6. Socio-Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics of Institutionalized Street Children Living in Shelters in the Vaal Triangle, Gauteng, South Africa, Salami L.I., Zotor F.B., Oldewage-Theron W.H. and Venter. C.S 26 7. *Livelihoods and Food Security Projects in Central Rift Kyalo K. and Karani C.W. 32 8. The Role of Christian Children’s Fund (CCF) in Promoting Traditional Food Preservation Methods to Alleviate Food and Nutrition Insecurity In Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of Kenya, Lepoora J.M. and Jordan .E. 9. The Coping Strategies in Kitui and Mwingi Districts During Drought, Ngala .S. and Imungi J.K. 45 10. Watershed Management For Water and Food Security in Kaiti Water Catchment of Makueni District, Anthony N., Wambua K. and Mwangi G. Nutrition Programming 11. Integrating Human Rights into Nutrition Programs in Kenya, Opiyo R. 50 12. CCF-Kenya Program Brief 61 Nutrition throughout the Lifecycle and lifestyle 13. Food Consumption Patterns And Nutrient Intake By Women And Under Five Years Old Children In Wetlands Of Lake Victoria Basin, Waudo J. 71 14. Maternal Characteristics and Child Undernutrition in Three Different Socio-economic Groups in Ibadan, Nigeria, Olukemi .F.S 80 15. The Elderly and Health: A Case Study from Sharperville, South Africa, Oldewage-Theron W.H., Salami L.I., Zotor F.B., Matiwane N. and Venter C.S. 16. Muslim and Christian mothers as frontline right to food duty bearers for children aged 6-36 months, in Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya - J. Wema Adere, Wambui Kogi-Makau and E.G. Karuri 17. Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Children Aged 6-59 months Living in Different Sections of a Slum Environment in Kenya, Charamo G.D., Kogi-Makau W. and Karuri E.G. CONTENTS 18. Nutritional Status of Children Participating and Those not Participating in School Feeding Programme in Korogocho Slums in Nairobi, Kenya, Kimiywe .J. and Mbithe .D. 19. The Impact of enrichment of Staple Foods on the Nutrient Intake of Pregnant Women in the Vaal Triangle, Gauteng, South Africa, Kesa .H. 20. Nutritional Status and Socio-Demographic Profile of Primary School Children as Indicators for the Development of a Breakfast Product in an Informal Settlement in the Vaal Triangle, Gauteng, South Africa, Napier.C., Kearney.J. and Oldewage-Theron .W. Emerging Issues in Nutrition 21. Opportunities and Challenges Posed by the Functional foods, Mokokha. A.O. 22. Functional Foods-Relevance to Kenya, Mahungu. S.M. 23. Scientific Substantiation of Health Claims on Foods-European Situation, Verhagen H., Smith .M. and Verschuren P.M. 24. Application Of The Food Multimix (FMM) Concept As An Adjunct To Community Nutrition Support In Food Insecure Economies, Zotor, F., Amuna, P. and Oldewage-Theron 25. Potential of Yellow Oleander (Thesatia peruviana Schum), Orange and Yellow Flowering Varieties as Possible Sources of Edible Vegetable Oils and Protein in Kenya, Odhiambo P.O., Gachanja A.N., Keriko J.M., Shitanda D., Ojijo N.K., Ochora J.M. and Makobe M.N. Capacity building 26. Community Capacity Support Programme, Webale A. 27. Strategies For Capacity Development For Poverty Reduction In Africa: Initiative By International Communities and AICAD- A.B.Gidamis 28. The Joy and Challenges of Capacity Building for Better Nutrition in Africa. The Experience of the Applied Nutrition Programme, University of Nairobi, Kenya, Kogi-Makau W., Mwangi A.M., Mwikya S. M., Ngala S., Sehmi J.K., Obudho E. and Mugo J. 29. The Socio-demographic Profile and Identification of the Training Needs of the Caregivers Participating in the Home Garden Project in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa, Selepe .M., Makhado.L., Hendriks .S. and Rutungwe .R. CONTENTS Food quality and safety 30. Production Of Tricothecenes And Zearalenone By Fusarium Species Occurring In Equatorial Barley (Hordenium Vulgare L.) Grown In Kenya, Mbae K.M., Kiiyukia C. and Kenji G.M. 31. Bacterial Contamination Of Beef From Butcheries In Nairobi, Kenya, Ngondi M. G., Kariuki S., Waiyaki P. G. and Kiiyukia C. 32. Effects Of Training Kenyan Small-Scale French Bean Farmers On The Modern Food Safety Management Systems, Nyaga R., Kiiyukia C. and Kenji G. M. 33. Levels of Fluoride in Soils and Water in Some Parts of Eastern and Central Province of Kenya and Their Implication to Human Health, Ochieng’ J.K., Kenji G.M., Njoroge C.K. and Makokha A.O. 34. Nutritional Status and Socio-Demographic Profile of Primary School Children as Indicators for the Development of a Breakfast Product in an Informal Settlement in the Vaal Triangle, Gauteng, South Africa, Napier.C., Kearney J. and Oldewage-Theron .W. Nutrition, Immunity and HIV/AIDS 35. Birth Outcome of Women of Known HIV Status, Kamau-Mbuthia E. and Elmadfa I. Micronutrient Nutrition 36. Potential of Kitchen Gardening in Alleviating Micronutrient Malnutrition in Ngong’ Division, Kajiado District, Kenya, Kiige L.W., Mwangi A.M., Mbugua S.K. and Musoke R.N. 37. Utilization of Orange Fleshed Potato Flour in the Development of A Weaning Food, Omwamba M., Jackline N. Nanua and. Shalo P. L. 38. Impact of Fermentation on the Bioavailability of Zinc in some Selected Foods Commonly Consumed in Kenya. 39. Can Rosemary Spice (Rosmarinus offinalis) Stabilize b-carotene in a Protein-b-Carotene –Rich Soybean –Based Product? Oiye. S.O., Imungi. J. and Mwangi A.M. 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he beautiful city of Nairobi played host to the region’s first ever-National Nutritional Congress, a long-held dream of the regional nutrition coalition’s founders. KCAN had for the past few years been strategizing on how to best bring the region’s best practitioners in programming, research, academia and private sector to share their work experi- Tences while formulating a collaborative fool-proof plan for driving the nutrition agenda forward in their respective countries. This is because it has been shown that malnutrition in the region is either increasing or stagnating and there is a felt need for advocacy for nutrition in governments / other fora including the media. A core team of KCAN members networked extensively and consulted widely as the INNC began to take shape. Those approached prepared excellent presentations, around the Congress theme “Nutrition for Health and Development,” which formed a good starting point for generating strategies for mainstreaming nutrition in the region’s development agenda. The sub-themes were: Food Security; Nutrition in the Lifecycle and Lifestyle; Capacity Building; Nutrition Programming; Nutrition, Immunity and HIV/AIDS; Food Safety; Micronutrient Nutrition and Emerging Issues in Nutrition. The INNC was well attended with more than half of the over 300 delegates having been drawn from the rest of Africa, Europe, and the Americas – truly representing great diversity in origin as well as specialization. Dr Alice Mwangi, the KCAN Vice Chair as well as the INNC Committee Co-Chair, and Faith Thuita, the KCAN Chair officially welcomed the participants, giving a background to the congress organization as well as communicating KCAN’s expectation from the same. The open- ing ceremony was officiated by Dr Abiud Omwega, one of KCAN’s founding members and a senior lecturer at University of Nairobi’s Applied Nutrition Programme. There was thematic play as well as keynote remarks by various prominent nutritionists. They included: Prof Tola Atinmo, a Professor of Nutrition at the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Executive Council Member, International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) who delivered a keynote speech on the Role of IUNS in Africa and Addressing Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Africa within the Context of the UN MDGs; Prof.
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