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The Most Important Event Which Has Yet Jbappened at CERN Is the Subject of the Press Release Issued on 25 November and Reproduce

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The Most Important Event Which Has Yet Jbappened at CERN Is the Subject of the Press Release Issued on 25 November and Reproduce The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) The most important event which announces that for the first time on Tuesday November 24th has yet Jbappened at CERN is the subject of the press release issued 1959 at 7.40 p.m., reached its designed energy—producing on 25 November and reproduced on a beam of protons of an energy of 24 thousand million elec- this page. This news, which came just as the first proofs of this issue fronvot. This is the culmination of 6 year's work of design were coming off the press, was im­ and construction at the CERN laboratories at Geneva. The portant enough to warrant rearrang­ ing the lay-out. machine, 200 metre across and the most powerful in the Testing of the proton synchrotron world, has thus justified its designers and the faith of the was interrupted during the first week of November. Modifications were 12 nations of Western Europe who came together six years carried out in the " linear acceler­ ago to form CERN. Western Europe has thus at its disposal a ator " section and the electrostatic inflector was re-aligned. In the cir­ unique tool of research for the exploration of the inner cular accelerator itself, the acceler­ structure of the atom. ating cavities were inspected. Part of the device for artificially pertur­ bing the beam — the radio-frequency knock-out system — was also install­ ed. Observation during tests had given reason to suppose some of the beam was lost in the region of the inflector. Two components obstruc­ ting the passage of the beam, a tem­ This picture was taken porary observation screen support under available light and a structural stiffening bar, were conditions in the proton discovered at the junction of the synchrotron main control room, a few minutes beam inflection section with the cir­ after the machine reach­ cular vacuum tank. ed its 24 GeV energy as mentioned above. In addition, beam oscillations were From left to right are : remedied by seeking the factors dis­ Professor Ch. Schmelzer, turbing the uniformity of the mag­ P. Germain, W. Schnell, G. Rosset (in front of netic field. the oscilloscope) and J. It could be said of the tests which Geibel. All belong to were resumed later, that they were the radio frequency Group of the proton on the whole gradually improving synchrotron and were the conditions under which the par­ among the 20-odd peo­ ticles were injected. Towards 20 ple who took part in the decisive tests of the November particles were accelerated accelerator. for about 200 millisecond and the (Photo J. Sharp) (see pages 6-7) eContents Who's Who in CERN of No 4 Markus E. FIERZ Last month at CERN ... p. 1 24 GeV 1 Director of Theoretical Studies Markus E. Fierz 2 Referendum "CERN COURIER" 2 Safety at CERN 3 Soon after young Markus' birth in Basel, on June 6th 1912, his father was appointed Brookhaven National Lab. 4 professor of organic chemistry at the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, the Four months to success ... 6 Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich. Commemorative plaques . 6 And ever since it seems that all the life of Markus E. Fierz has revolved around Conference proceedings . 6 this town, the largest of Switzerland. However far Markus Fierz's academic duties or likings took him, a universal attraction appeared to draw him back to the place where PS cables 7 he first saw his father teaching. Fundamental nuclear research 8 When he entered Gottingen University in the winter of 1931, M. Fierz first turned to biology, hoping to achieve biophysical studies. But, prior to 1933, Gottingen was also a sort of Mecca for mathematics and theoretical physics and unquestionably this CERN COURIER condition helped shape his future. With the Nazi purges starting in the spring of 1933, valuable minds began to leave Germany. Away from Gottingen came such men is published monthly for the staff of the as Max Born and Herman Weyl ; back to Zurich came Markus Fierz. European Organization for Nuclear Re­ Continuing his studies in physics, mathemathies and philosophy at the University search. It is distributed free of charge to of Zurich, he had the opportunity to attend Professor Carl G. Jung's seminars on psy­ members of the Organization, to scientific chology. Also in Zurich, under the influence of Professor G. Wentzel, he decided to correspondents and to anyone interested become a theoretical physicist. February 1936 saw Markus Fierz finish his formal in problems connected with the construc­ education with a doctorate thesis on "The artificial transformation of a proton into tion and operation of particle acceler­ a neutron". ators or in the progress of nuclear physics He returned then to Germany to attend seminars on theoretical physics at the in general. University of Leipzig. This is the period which witnessed great academic debates between Heisenberg and Nordsieck and Bloch on the "infrared catastrophe", a Editor problem already raised by Fierz in his doctorate thesis. From Leipzig, Markus Fierz went to Copenhagen to attend one of the then famous Roger ANTHOINE Public Information Office conferences on theoretical physics at Bohr's Institute. There he met again with Wolf­ CERN, GENEVA 23, Switzerland gang Pauli, professor of theoretical physics at the Zurich Federal Institute of Technol­ Tel. : (022) 34 20 50, ext. 788 ogy. Postal cheque A-C : I. 1098 Before this, Pauli and Fierz's relations had been the usual ones between professor and student. Now Pauli asked him to become his assistant. Somewhat apprehensive, Printed in Switzerland Markus Fierz however decided to accept and for three years starting in the winter of 1936, he was scientific collaborator of the discoverer of the exclusion principle. Together with him he published a paper on the "H Theorem" relating to the quanta theory. During this period, M. Fierz also published scientific papers on "A relativistic theory for particles with arbitrary spin" and another on "The form of beta spectrum The "CERN COURIER" for a general interaction". This paper made Markus Fierz best known among experi­ mental physicists because in it were deduced the so-called "Fierz terms", parameters which, their author insists with some humour, "do not exist". Referendum Married in the spring of 1940, M. Fierz left Pauli in the summer of the same year. He was, however, to keep in close touch with the then Nobel prizewinner to be. The CERN staff has given its opi­ In point of fact, they where to exchange a large scientific and philosophic corre­ nion about the contents and presen­ spondence, until Pauli's death in December 1958. tation of its " COURIER ". Markus Fierz became privat-docent and assistant at the Physics Institute, University Out of 1000 questionnaires sent to of Basel, where he was to teach for about 20 years. Extraordinary professor in 1943, all recipients of our periodical, inside ordinary professor in 1945, he was then to participate to the extensive interchanche of 436 the Organization, had been retur­ professors going on in the world after World War II. He was guest at the Institute ned by 11 November, the closing for Advanced Studies, Princeton, in 1950-51 and in 1955, a visiting professor at date. This is an exceptionally good College Park, Maryland University. response when it is remembered that Among the papers published by Professor Fierz during his teaching years, are the editor of a paper who puts ques­ articles on "Multipolar radiation", "Meson theory", "Statistical mechanics" and tions to his readers considers himself "General relativity". Also remarkable is a "Historical essay on Newton's conception lucky if he gets an answer from more than 5 % of them. of the space-time relation" which betrays one of Professor Fierz's hobbies : history. On April 1st, 1959, Professor M. Fierz joined CERN as head of the Theoretical Three hundred and fifty staff mem­ Studies Division. bers are satisfied with the presenta­ Next year on April 1st, Zurich's lasting influence on Markus Fierz will be fully 77 tion of the periodical, regard it as established. Professor Fierz will then return to his favourite city for a most exalting average and 9 do not express an opi­ purpose. He and Professor Res Jost have been appointed successors to Pauli, to teach nion. As regards form, 360 readers theoretical physics at the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Zurich. are in favour of a journalistic style, although some of them figure am6ng the 87 who would like a more res­ trained style. month in the "CERN COURIER". As for the publication of the names Some most constructive remarks Requests are also made for more of staff members, the general opinion were made about the contents. Seven biographical articles, more news is clear: 346 "for", 58 "against" and readers suggested that CERN physi­ about present and future work at 32 "don't know". cists and experts should publish CERN and more information about The distribution of the "CERN news articles about their scientific other accelerators — and even about COURIER" outside the Organization activities which could be easily un­ reactors. It is also suggested to an­ gives rise to various comments. It derstood by non-scientific readers. It nounce forthcoming seminaries and can be held, however, that this helps would be interesting from several lectures. As is the case for the "Rea­ to make CERN better known, even points of view if there could be some ders' page", this suggestion would be if the contents of the periodical are response to these requests... which, enthusiastically adopted if enough mainly intended for the staff. moreover, back up that made every material was received. (see page 6) 2 Regular exercise take place at CERN to test the efficiency of the fire brigade and to SAFETY AT CERN train volunteers.
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