DOCSLIB.ORG

Sentience Is the Bedrock of Ethics a Study of Sentience in Non-Human Animals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sentience Is the Bedrock of Ethics a Study of Sentience in Non-Human Animals TEACHER GUIDELINES BIOLOGY UNIT OF STUDY 4 g YEAR 11 g NCEA AS90926 g LEVEL 1.2 g DURATION 2-3 weeks Supports internal assessment for Achievement Standard 90926 Report on a biological issue A lesson in ethics and non-human awareness Sentience is the Bedrock of Ethics A study of sentience in non-human animals Science students are required “to • collect and process primary or consider the social and ethical secondary data and/or information implications involved in making from a range of sources responsible decisions about living • evaluate sources of information/ things” (Science in the New Zealand data in respect to the question or Curriculum p. 52). Learning about purpose sentience in non-human animals will • identify at least two different points help students when making ethical of view supported by evidence and responsible decisions about the • take and justify a position with a use of animals in science. recommendation for action The study of ethology has in recent • present findings in a report. TEACHER GUIDELINES years changed the cultural and A choice of topics is provided for The following guidelines are scientific perceptions and treatment this research assignment. These supplied to enable teachers to of non-human animals and continues topics will help students explore the carry out valid and consistent to do so. Great Apes are not used behavioural, emotional and sensory assessment using this internal in experiments in the Netherlands, worlds of non-human animals. assessment resource. New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany and Austria, Students will be asked to consider largely due to new knowledge and animal intelligence, pain perception, CONTEXT/SETTING understanding of sentience in these awareness, communication, sociability and morals. This activity requires students to animals. collect and process data and/or This assignment will include the Research topics students can information to report on a biological processing of information and the choose from include: issue. An issue is one on which linking of the processed information • evidence of intelligence in non- people hold different opinions or to a use of science. At Level 1, human animals viewpoints. The issue that this teacher direction sets the scope of • evidence that non-human animals research assignment will explore is the research by: experience emotions and sentience in non-human animals. • choosing the topic to research physical sensations Sentience in non-human animals • providing templates on which • evidence that non-human animals has been and continues to be the students base their reports are aware of their surroundings contested and debated extensively indicating the presentation of the • evidence that non-human animals in the scientific community. New information and links required. communicate their needs discoveries regarding sentience in In order to report comprehensively • evidence that non-human animals non-human animals are made on a students must: are sociable with others regular basis. This is an important topic for science students to consider • refine a suitable question or • evidence that non-human animals because of the ethical implications purpose are virtuous. involved in the use of animals in • identify multiple links between the science and in experiments. biological ideas that are related to the question or purpose Internal assessment Achievement Standard 90926 Level 1.2 © NZQA. Adapted by Animals & Us with permission. 60 / ISSUE 4 / ANIMALS IN SCIENCE TEACHER GUIDELINES Sentience is the bedrock of ethics BIOLOGY | UNIT STUDY 4 | PAGE 2/10 This assessment is an open-book the research results. The report with a further one to three hours research assignment. will follow the provided format or required to complete the report. template. Students will need sufficient access The assignment consists of two to both computers and the internet parts that lead to the production of CONDITIONS either at school or at home. a report. Students will need sufficient time to This time could be allocated in a Part 1 involves processing carry out the research, processing single fortnight or could be spread information. This information can be and reporting required for this over a longer interval such as a researched or provided. activity. As a guide it is expected that school term to allow for research the research component could be Part 2 involves interpretations and processing of a range of source completed in three to four hours of the information and reporting material. Teachers need to keep in mind the credit value of this standard when determining the time for this assessment. All work is likely to be undertaken individually and appropriate measures should be taken to ensure authenticity. This could involve collecting all student notes with the final report; requiring authentication of any work undertaken at home and/or collecting work undertaken in class at the end of each lesson and returning it to students as required. Teachers need to keep in mind the credit value of this standard when determining the time for this assessment. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The following prior teaching is required: • Issues – What makes a biology topic and issue (i.e. when people hold different opinions or viewpoints about it)? • Refining a question – Taking a general question or purpose about an issue and refining it to make it suitable to guide research. • Making multiple links involving biological ideas – Describing and explaining the biological ideas related to the question or purpose and identifying multiple links between the different ideas and the question. • Processing data/information – Selecting biological ideas relevant to the issue from a range of sources and organising the ideas for reporting. A range is likely to involve at least three sources, and the sources can be the same type (e.g. all from the internet). • Evaluating sources – Identifying sources that provide biological ideas relevant to the question and checking the sources for accuracy, being up to date and/or bias; providing reasons why a particular source was/was not used. • Using evidence to support different points of view – Selecting at least two different points of view and then selecting biological ideas that support why a person, group or organisation holds each of these points of view. • Justifying a position – Stating their own opinion with reference to specific information they have researched. • Giving a recommendation for action – Saying what they believe should be done about the issue and why. • Presenting findings – Structuring a comprehensive report to clearly present findings. • Recording sources – Writing a list of sources in a way that can be accessed by others. Internal assessment Achievement Standard 90926 Level 1.2 © NZQA. Adapted by Animals & Us with permission. 61 / ISSUE 4 / ANIMALS IN SCIENCE teAcher gUiDeliNes sEntiEncE is thE BEdrocK oF Ethics BIOLOGY | UNIT STUDY 4 | PAGE 3/10 rEsourcE rEQuirEmEnts Key resource Students need to access a range of information sources. These may include biology magazines, internet sites, Alpha resources and other Royal Society Second Nature: resources. Use of primary sources (e.g. through interviews) is acceptable. The Inner Lives of Information is required on the biological ideas and processes related to the Animals by Jonathan issue and on the different points of view held by people. Students also require Balcombe. Palgrave access to computers and the internet for their research and reporting. Macmillan, 2010. pp. 71-99. secondary resources Frozen Planet. BBC Natural History Unit. 2011. The Life Collection: David Attenborough. BBC Natural History Unit, 2005. The Blue Planet. BBC Natural History Unit, 2005. Meerkat Manor. Oxford Scientifi c Films, 2005-2008. generic assessment schedule: sci/1/2 AS90926 (Biology 1.2): Examples of evidence, relevant to the specifi c context being assessed, will need to be inserted in the spaces indicated before this schedule can be used. EvidEncE JudgEmEnt For JudgEmEnt For JudgEmEnt For achiEvEmEnt achiEvEmEnt With achiEvEmEnt With mErit ExcEllEncE The complete report. Report on a biological Report in depth on a biological Report comprehensively on a issue. issue. biological issue. Report includes: • Evidence of processed • As for Achievement. • As for Achievement. information relating to the question on “sentience in non-human animals” • Description of a use • Explanation of a use related • Discussion of a use related related to the science to the science knowledge. to the science knowledge. knowledge. [insert examples] [insert examples] • The report is mostly in the • As for Achievement. • As for Achievement. student’s own words. • A list of three reference • As for Achievement. • As for Achievement. sources, given in a way that would enable another person to fi nd the information. Internal assessment Achievement Standard 90926 Level 1.2 © NZQA. Adapted by Animals & Us with permission. 62 / issuE 4 / ANIMALS IN SCIENCE STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS BIOLOGY UNIT OF STUDY 4 g YEAR 11 g NCEA AS90926 g LEVEL 1.2 g DURATION 2-3 weeks Supports internal assessment for Achievement Standard 90926 Report on a biological issue A lesson in ethics and non-human awareness Sentience is the Bedrock of Ethics A study of sentience in non-human animals In recent years ethologists (scientists and Austria), the reason being that who study animal behaviour) such as chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and Jonathan Balcombe have started to orangutans have been proven to explore sentience and the emotional be cognitively so similar to humans lives of non-human animals. Dr that using them as test subjects is Balcombe believes that “animal considered unethical. This decision behavior is one of the clearest was without doubt influenced by the windows into animals’ inner lives. work conducted by ethologists such The way animals behave helps to as Dame Jane Goodall and Dian demonstrate their sentience, and Fossey. I like to say that sentience is the In this study you will use Jonathan bedrock of ethics”: www.guardian. STUDENT GUIDELINES Balcombe’s book Second Nature: co.uk/technology/2010/apr/25/ The Inner Lives of Animals as a This activity requires you to report jonathan-balcombe-animal-feelings on a biological issue.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spring Semester 2021
    Rethink Learning Discovery Vitality Camaraderie Enrichment Creativity OLLI ANYWHERE: SPRING SEMESTER 2021 MONDAY, MARCH 8–FRIDAY, JUNE 11, 2021 CONTENTS 3 From the Director 4 OLLI Anywhere 5 Technology Overview 7 Study Groups At-A-Glance 10 Study Group Descriptions 42 Spring Membership Options 43 Registration Policies, Refund Policies, Standards of Conduct 46 Calendar 47 Resources KEY DATES: Wednesday, January 27: Spring memberships available for purchase We advise you to take advantage of this extra time to buy your membership early. Then, when registration opens, all you will need to do is select your study groups and quickly check out. Tuesday, February 9 at 9 a.m.: Spring study group registration opens Friday, February 26: Spring study group registration closes Osher Lifelong Learning Institute MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute (OLLI) is to enable the continuation of learning and intellectual pursuit for a community of mature adults. As a special program of Northwestern University’s School of Professional Studies, OLLI offers a comprehensive curriculum of peer-led discussion groups covering topics in areas such as literature, history, politics, science, philosophy, current affairs, and the arts. OLLI welcomes diversity in its membership, and has no academic prerequisites or age restrictions. Contents 2 sps.northwestern.edu/olli FROM THE OLLI DIRECTOR, KARI FAGIN Nearly every day I hear from at least one OLLI member who expresses their appreciation for the OLLI program — especially during the pandemic. Those battling loneliness, isolation, and sometimes the virus itself have said that they wouldn’t know what they would do without OLLI.
    [Show full text]
  • UNESCO Kalinga Prize Winner – 1981 Sir David Attenborough
    Glossary on Kalinga Prize Laureates UNESCO Kalinga Prize Winner – 1981 Sir David Attenborough A British Legend of Science Serials, Britain’s Best Known Natural History Film Maker & Arguably the World’s Foremost Television Naturalist [Born: May 8, 1926 in London, England …………] Mankind has Probably done more damage to the earth in the 20th Century than in all of Previous human history. ... David Attenborough “If we [humans] disappeared over right, the world would Probably be better off.” The Daily Telegraph, London, 12, November, 2005 … David Atenborough “It seems to me that natural world is the greatest source of excitement, the greatest source of visual beauty; the greatest source of intellectual interest . It is the greatest source of so much in life that makes life worth living.” … David Attenborough. 1 Glossary on Kalinga Prize Laureates David Attenborough : A Biographical Profile World’s Best Known Broadcasters, Humanists and Naturalists Born : May 8, 1926 London, England Residence : Richmond, London Nationality : British Field : Naturalist Alma mater : Clare College, Cambridge (Natural Sciences) Notable Prizes : Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Royal Victorian Order, Order of the British Empire, Fellow of the Royal Society Sir David Frederick Attenborough, OM, CH, CVO, series is in production. He is also a former senior CBE, FRS (born on May 8, 1926 in London, England) manager at the BBC, having served as controller of is one of the world’s best known broadcasters and BBC2 and director of programming for BBC naturalists. Widely considered one of the pioneers Television in the 1960s and 1970s. of the nature documentary, his career as the He is the younger brother of director and actor respected face and voice of British natural history Richard Attenborough.
    [Show full text]
  • Lady Bulldogs Take State
    eh boos|a he ase or aoherPage ude 1 The ae Sundance Times 75¢ Thursday, November 14, 2019 Volume 134 • Issue No. 46 Thursday, November 14, 2019 Thesudaemesom Sundance Times Local business ady udos ae ae penalized for tax exemption error made to the county commis- Commission sion, the issue began in Feb- ruary, 2015, when a business questions owner visited the County Trea- legal advice surer’s Office to register the first truck purchased for her on refund business. At that time, she states, Kuhl asked if she was N tax exempt. The county commissioners “I told her no,” says the busi- have refunded a civil penalty to ness owner in her complaint. a business owner who was inac- She alleges that Kuhl then curately advised by the Crook asked her where her business County Treasurer’s Office that hauls, to which she replied that her vehicles were tax exempt. most hauling occurs within The decision was made despite Wyoming. legal advice from County Attor- “Mary then told me that [we ney Joe Baron that a refund is were] tax exempt,” says the not within the county’s purview complaint. to grant. The business owner filled in In Baron’s opinion, County her company name, address Treasurer Mary Kuhl does not and DOT number on the form have the statutory authority to and signed the bottom, she correct her mistake; neither, alleges, and Kuhl filled in the he said, does the county com- rest. mission have legal authority to “In 2018, when at the Trea- issue a refund. surer’s Office, I was told that However, said Commissioner the tax-exempt form needed Jeanne Whalen, an outside updated,” says the complaint.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir David Attenborough
    Sir David Attenborough David Attenborough is a wildlife film-maker and naturalist (a scientist who studies animals and their behaviour). He has been making television programmes for over 60 years and is considered by many to be a national treasure. Early Life David Frederick Attenborough was born in London on 8th May 1926. He lived on the campus of University College, Leicester as his father was a principal there. He lived with his parents, Mary and Frederick, and his two brothers, Richard and John. As a child, David loved science and nature: he collected fossils, rocks, and other items, such as bird eggs. After finishing school, he continued his fascination by studying natural sciences at Cambridge University. After finishing university, he was called to do two years’ service in the Royal Navy. He spent those two years in North Wales. Television In 1952, David joined the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) as a producer. In 1954, he began working on a series called ‘Zoo Quest’. This was filmed in many interesting places and showed animals in their natural environment. This was quite unusual at the time and the show was incredibly popular The Life Collection When David joined the BBC, • 1979 - Life on Earth he had only seen one • 1984 - The Living Planet television programme. • 1990 - The Trails of Life David left the BBC in 1972 so he could • 1993 - Life in the Freezer write and produce his own shows. In 1979, he started a series called ‘Life on • 1995 - The Private Life of Plants Earth’ which also became popular.As well • 1998 - The Life of Birds as making many other shows throughout his career, he continued to make other • 2002 - The Life of Mammals ‘Life’ programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir David Attenborough
    Sir David Attenborough David Attenborough is a wildlife film-maker and naturalist (a scientist who studies animals and their behaviour). He has been making television programmes for over 60 years and many people think he is a national treasure. Early Life • David Frederick Attenborough was born in London on 8th May 1926. • He lived on the campus of University College, Leicester as his father was a principal there. • He lived with his parents, Mary and Frederick, and his two brothers, Richard and John. As a child, David loved science and nature: he collected fossils, rocks, and bird eggs. After finishing school, he studied natural sciences at Cambridge University. After finishing university, he was called to do two years’ service in the Royal Navy in North Wales. Television In 1952, David joined the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) as a producer. When David joined the BBC, In 1954, he began working on a programme he didn’t own a television. called ‘Zoo Quest’. This programme showed animals in their natural environment – something that was unusual at the time. The Life Collection • 1979 - Life on Earth David left the BBC in 1972 so he could create his own shows. In 1979, he started a series • 1984 - The Living Planet called ‘Life on Earth’ which also became • 1990 - The Trails of Life popular. Over 30 years, he made nine different ‘Life’ programmes. • 1993 - Life in the Freezer • 1995 - The Private Life of Plants More recently, Attenborough’s ‘Planet • 1998 - The Life of Birds Earth’ has become the biggest wildlife • 2002 - The Life of Mammals documentary ever made and was the first show to air in high definition • 2005 - Life in the Undergrowth on the BBC.
    [Show full text]
  • Animals in Science Final Mon 20 May.Indd
    ADDITIONAL RESOURCES DVD ISSUE: 4 A HUMANE EDUCATION RESOURCE CONTAINING: ANIMALs in science 12 visual and oral texts ETHICAL ARGUMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS current affairs, activist footage and film clips. 51 images ideal for students as visual aids. ISSN: 117-3804 Published in New Zealand. If this DVD is misplaced or © SAFE 2013. SAFE, PO Box 13366, CHRISTCHURCH damaged a free replacement www.safe.org.nz copy is available on request. See page ii for contact details. WEBSITE OFFERING: invaluable free information for both teachers and students enhancing critical thinking about the relationship between humans and animals. www.animalsandus.org.nz ISSUE: 1 A HUMANE EDUCATION RE SOURCE ISSN: 117-3804 A HUMANE EDUCATION RESOURCE PUBLISHED RESOURCES: ISSUE 1 – Battery Hen Farming in New Zealand: A C R I T I C A L E V A L U A T I O N A Critical Evaluation ISSUE 2 – Animal Rights, Human Values, Social Action ISSUE 3 – Animals on Show: A Critical Analysis of the Animal Entertainment Industry ANIMALS IN SCIENCE Ethical argumEnts and altErnativEs to animal ExpErimEnts RESOURCE MATERIALS suitable for Years 9-13 in science and Biology ANIMALS IN SCIENCE ETHICAL ARGUMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS ISSN: 117-3804 Cover design FLIGHTLESS Cover image ANTHONY BRADSHAW – Getty Images Design Rose Cottage Design Printer FEDERAL PRINT Acknowledgements SAFE wishes to thank those who generously permitted the use of their materials free of charge or at a reduced rate. These include: Animal Aid, Jonathan Balcombe, Marc Bekoff, Continuum International Publishing Group, Judy Diamond, Fairfax Media, FVLB, Getty Images, Ray Greek, Andrew Knight, Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Mediaworks Interactive, New World Library, New Zealand Listener, NHNZ, NZAVS, Organic NZ, Oxford University Press, Palgrave Macmillan, Safer Medicines, Ken Shapiro (Animals and Society Institute), Peter Singer, The New Zealand Herald, The Resurgence Trust, Tribune Media Services International, University of California Press and University of Chicago Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Progression Ladder
    Curriculum Progression Ladder Year 1, Science Animals including humans — Knowledge What do I know about me? Year 1, Science Animals including humans — Skills I can identify and label the basic parts of the hu- I can explore the difference between herbivores I can identify and name a variety of I can name key individuals and their I can compare and contrast different groups of animals. I can investigate animals in the local envi- man body. and carnivores. common animals. significance. ronment and their habitats. Vocabulary/Etymology Key Figures Skills Teaching Strategies Herbivores– animals who only eat plants David Attenborough Sir David Frederick Attenborough is an English broadcaster and natural historian. He is best Carnivores– animals who eat meat known for writing and presenting, in conjunc- Identify and label the basic parts of the human Carpet time– Look at a picture together of a human body. Ask Omnivores– animals who eat meat and plants tion with the BBC Natural History Unit, the body. the children if they can identify parts of the body. Ask the chil- Environment- the circumstances, objects, or conditions by nine natural history documentary series form- dren what that part of the body does. Adult led activity– picture which one is surrounded ing the Life collection that together constitute of a human body for the children to label. Encourage phonics to a comprehensive survey of animal and plant assist with spelling. CP for other groups based on today’s lesson. Sight- Your eyes let you see all the things around you. life on Earth. Compare and contrast different groups of animals Recap previous learning about herbivores and carnivores.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Spring 2020 in This Issue
    Insights Spring 2020 In this issue INTRODUCTION A Message from The Directors 03 A REVIEW OF THE QUARTER The World That Was 04 SPECIAL FEATURE The World Population in 2100 09 SPECIAL FEATURE Netflix Documentary Review 14 SPECIAL FEATURE Financial Jargon Translated to English 16 A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTORS Labour has been returned to government in an historic But we are far from through this pandemic. We hope that They look ahead and whilst the vista is somewhat blurry, landslide providing the Labour Party with a clear mandate through protecting our borders that we continue to limit the better times are seen on the distant horizon. That is good to lead. impact on our economy. We are fortunate. Fortunate our enough for markets to be perky and to value ahead of time. m population is small, and ni ble, landmass relatively large, What has been remarkable in this election is the support and export commodity prices are holding up well. We have a We anticipate it won’t all be plain-sailing. Covid may get given to the Leader, whether you wanted your politics right, big customer in China who are likely to emerge first from this away on us; governmental support must stop at some left, or centre, the majority has settled in a presidential style recession. They need food supplies, and we have food. point, businesses will have to retool. At this time of change, of wanting Jacinda to lead. holding high-quality assets, selecting managers with Many of us will be happier when we can at least bubble solid track records and being very well-diversified within Many would reflect she has earned this position through her with Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir David Attenborough
    Sir David Attenborough David Attenborough is a wildlife film-maker and naturalist (a scientist who studies animals and their behaviour). He has been making television programmes for over 60 years and many people think he is a national treasure. Early Life • David Frederick Attenborough was born in London on 8th May 1926. • He lived on the campus of University College, Leicester as his father was a principal there. • He lived with his parents, Mary and Frederick, and his two brothers, Richard and John. As a child, David loved science and nature: he collected fossils, rocks, and bird eggs. After finishing school, he studied natural sciences at Cambridge University. After finishing university, he was called to do two years’ service in the Royal Navy in North Wales. Television In 1952, David joined the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) as a producer. When David joined the BBC, In 1954, he began working on a programme he didn’t own a television. called ‘Zoo Quest’. This programme showed animals in their natural environment – something that was unusual at the time. The Life Collection • 1979 - Life on Earth David left the BBC in 1972 so he could create his own shows. In 1979, he started a series • 1984 - The Living Planet called ‘Life on Earth’ which also became • 1990 - The Trails of Life popular. Over 30 years, he made nine different ‘Life’ programmes. • 1993 - Life in the Freezer • 1995 - The Private Life of Plants More recently, Attenborough’s ‘Planet • 1998 - The Life of Birds Earth’ has become the biggest wildlife • 2002 - The Life of Mammals documentary ever made and was the first show to air in high definition • 2005 - Life in the Undergrowth on the BBC.
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Program
    This document is for guidance only LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL DAILY PROGRAM WEDNESDAY 6 JUNE 2018 The House meets this day at 11.00 am PRESIDENT TAKES THE CHAIR AND READS PRAYERS MESSAGES FORMAL BUSINESS Item no. Member with carriage Subject 2273 Mr Clarke Telangana Formation Day 2018 2275 Mr Mookhey Coles-TWU Supply Chain Safety and Fairness Charter 2276 Mr Shoebridge Unsolved murder case of Mark Haines 2277 Mr Amato Landcom Skills Exchange Graduation Ceremony 2018 2278 Mr Wong Shortage of midwives in New South Wales 2280 Mr Franklin Green Innovation Awards Northern Rivers 2018 2283 Mr Clarke Italian Republic Day at Club Marconi 2018 2284 Mr Moselmane National Reconciliation Week 2018 2286 Mr Franklin Mullum2Bruns paddle 2018 2287 Mr Moselmane Australia Young Entrepreneurs Association 2288 Mr Pearson Sir David Attenborough 2289 Mr Clarke Macarthur Greeks Inc ANZAC Service 2290 Mr Wong Westmead Institute for Medical Research 21st Birthday Gala 2291 Mr Clarke Coptic Orthodox Church Easter Mass 2018 2292 Mr Moselmane New South Wales Labor Women candidates for 2019 State Election 2294 Mr Clarke 59th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition 2295 Mr Wong Pal Buddhist School 2298 Mr MacDonald 50th Senior State Netball Championships 2300 Mr MacDonald Dungog District Chamber Business Awards 2018 2273. Mr Clarke to move— 1. That this House notes that: (a) on Saturday 2 June 2018 the Australian Telangana Forum hosted a function at the Community Centre Greystanes to celebrate Telangana Formation Day marking the fourth anniversary of Telangana being declared
    [Show full text]