DOCSLIB.ORG

Security Sector and Democratic Oversight Almanac Turkey 2006-2008: Security Sector and Democratic Oversight

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Security Sector and Democratic Oversight Almanac Turkey 2006-2008: Security Sector and Democratic Oversight ALMANAC TURKEY 2006-2008 SECURITY SECTOR AND DEMOCRATIC OVERSIGHT ALMANAC TURKEY 2006-2008: SECURITY SECTOR AND DEMOCRATIC OVERSIGHT ISBN 978-605-5832-53-7 TESEV PUBLICATIONS Editors: Ali Bayramoğlu, Ahmet İnsel Publication Coordinator: Hale Akay Prepared for Publication: Koray Özdil Translator: Leyla Tonguç Basmacı Language Editor: Laurie Freeman Design: Rauf Kösemen, Myra Page Layout: Myra Printed by: İmak Ofset Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakf› Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation Demokratikleme Program› Democratization Program Bankalar Cad. Minerva Han No: 2 Kat: 3 Karaköy 34420, İstanbul Tel: +90 212 292 89 03 PBX Fax: +90 212 292 90 46 [email protected] www.tesev.org.tr Copyright © August 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced electronically or mechanically (photocopy, storage of records or information, etc.) without the permission of the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV). This publication is partially funded by the European Union. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of TESEV and can in no way be taken to reflect the official views of the European Union and other supporting institutions. The viewpoints in this report belong to the authors and they may not necessarily concur partially or wholly with TESEV’s viewpoints as a foundation. TESEV would like to extend its thanks to the European Union, the Consulate General of Sweden in Istanbul, the Open Society Foundation, and the TESEV High Advisory Board for their contributions with regard to the publication and promotion of this book. ALMANAC TURKEY 2006-2008 SECURITY SECTOR AND DEMOCRATIC OVERSIGHT edItORS Alİ bayramoğlu, ahmet İnsel PUBLIcatıon COORDINATor HALE AKAY august 2010 Contents FOREWORD, vii SECURITY INSTITUTIONS, 103 INTRODUCTION,1 Turkish Armed Forces: Institutional and Military Ali Bayramoğlu, Ahmet İnsel Dimension, 105 Hale Akay FRAMEWORK INSTITUTIONS, 7 Appendix 1: Prohibited Military Zones, 139 Democratic Oversight: A Theoretical Assessment, 9 Appendix 2: Coast Guard Command, 140 Hale Akay Hale Akay Legislation: The Turkish Grand National Assembly, 12 Turkey’s Defense Expenditures in the 2000s, 143 Nezir Akyeşilmen Gülay Günlük-Şenesen Appendix: Reports by the Human Rights OYAK: Whose Economic Security?, 151 Investigation Commission, 21 İsmet Akça The Executive Branch, 23 The Defense Industry, 153 Meryem Erdal Lale Sarıibrahimoğlu Appendix 1: The Cloak of National Security Military Interference in Politics and on the Right to Strike, 31 the Politicization of the Army, 157 Aziz Çelik Ferda Balancar, Esra Elmas Appendix 2: The Supreme Military Council, 33 The Gendarmerie, 172 National Security in the Constitution, 35 Murat Aksoy Meryem Erdal The Police Organization, 188 National Security in Legislation, 40 Biriz Berksoy Meryem Erdal OTHER INSTITUTIONS, 201 Military Jurisdiction, 63 Ümit Kardaş The Village Guard System as a “Security” Policy, 203 Dilek Kurban GUIDING INSTITUTIONS, 71 Private Security, 211 The European Union: Security And Civil-Military Mehmet Atılgan Relations, 73 BIBLIOGRAPHY, 219 Hale Akay ABOUT THE AUTHORS, 235 NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL, 89 National Security Council, 91 Zeynep Şarlak Foreword The Democratization Program of the Turkish Economic with democratic principles create obstacles that need to and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) argues that be solved through reforms. In a democratic model where within the scope of its Security Sector Reform Projects, political power is transferred from the public to the all institutions in the security sector -- from the Armed parliament, and from there to the executive power and Forces to the General Directorate of Security, from administrative institutions, in the absence of external intelligence agencies to the Ministry of Defense, and oversight, these administrative institutions acquire from private security firms to village guards -- should power and autonomy that blocks the realization of a be subject to civilian and democratic monitoring and democratic, citizen-centered concept of human security oversight. In line with this objective, since 2004 TESEV based on the rule of law. For the democratization of has been providing security sector institutions, policy- security institutions, including the armed forces, the makers, civil society, and the media with information police force, the gendarmerie, and intelligence agencies, about this sector, in order to identify issues and develop it is necessary for the parliament, the executive, judicial solutions, as well as to raise awareness and build authorities, civil society, and the media to be actively capacity for the democratic oversight of the security involved in the oversight of security institutions’ sector. Our publications on this subject are a key means budgets, policies, practices, and decisions and for these of furthering these ends. The concept of “security institutions to base security services on civil society’s sector reform” advocated by TESEV transcends civil- requests. It is also extremely important that the concept military relations, which are much debated publicly of national security be redefined accordingly and be and in academic circles, and the dilemmas resulting centered on citizen security. from the military’s guardianship of the political system On the other hand, civilian actors’ active role in oversight arising from these relations. Security sector reform and monitoring mechanisms requires knowledge, means the establishment and efficient functioning of experience, and expertise that would enable the critical democratic mechanisms to ensure the civilian oversight analysis of data, policy, procedures, structures, etc. For and monitoring of domestic security institutions at a a democratic expansion in this sense, it is necessary for policy-making level. In its security sector work, TESEV civilian actors to break the military monopoly on security looks for ways to transform the concept of security, and defense and to develop expertise and independent considered a civic right, from an approach based on sources of public information on these subjects. national security, assumed to arise from circumstances TESEV’s primary aims are to make security institutions unique to Turkey, to an approach centered on citizens. transparent and accountable, to put the need for civilian The aim of our Security Sector Reform Projects is to bring oversight on the agenda of policy-makers, the media, civil a scientific and objective approach, and one based on society, and public opinion, and to address the deficit of universal principles, to subjects such as security sector information on this subject. In close cooperation with oversight, transparency, and accountability, which have the Geneva Center for Democratic Control of the Armed encountered obstacles in the debates about and process Forces (DCAF), whose founding members include the of harmonization with democratic standards. These Republic of Turkey since November 20, 2003, TESEV has projects also prepare the ground for the normalization of published handbooks comparing global and European the debate on civil-military relations, which in Turkey are security sector reforms and governance, providing generally subject to political controversies, ideological parliamentarians with guidance on security sector interference, and conflicts among the parties concerned. oversight, and including recommendations for increasing In Turkey, political crises between the military (and the accountability of intelligence agencies, as well as the the judicial power) and the parliament and the failure Turkish translation of the Code of Police Ethics. Since of institutions and processes within the scope of the 2007, with the support of the European Commission, decision-making mechanism to function in accordance TESEV has also been organizing activities designed to vii provide non-governmental organizations and the media established by the government, under its oversight and with information on the security sector’s democratic monitoring; amend legislation and practices that make it oversight, to identify obstacles to such oversight, and to difficult for civil administrators to efficiently fulfill their develop solutions. duties, powers, and responsibilities concerning domestic security; and continue reforms to redefine the duties and The first in the series Almanac Turkey: Security Sector powers of military courts. However, a detailed strategy and Democratic Oversight, edited by Prof. Dr. Ümit Cizre, plan on these reforms regarding the summarized points lecturer at the Bilkent University, was published by and the identification of shortcomings in legislation and TESEV in 2006 with the aim of meeting the need for practice has not yet been made public. information and analysis. Almanac Turkey 2005: Security Sector and Democratic Oversight presented within an This volume, Almanac Turkey 2006-2008: Security Sector objective framework the organizations, activities, and and Democratic Oversight, the second in the series, legal structures of security sector units, their principles takes into consideration all these developments and and understandings, and the reforms that Turkey has opportunities. It contains events, issues and objective carried out or is expected to carry out as part of the EU data necessary for their debate from the years 2006- accession process. 2008 and in some cases from the first months of 2009. We hope that this book, prepared very meticulously Following the publication of this work, which was met
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Full Text of the Law in Turkish, See İntihabı Mebusan Kanununun Bazı Maddelerinin Değiştirilmesine Ve Kanuna Bir Madde İlâvesine Dair Kanun, Law No
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/31879 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Adak Turan, Sevgi Title: Kemalism in the periphery: anti-veiling campaigns and state-society relations in 1930s Turkey Issue Date: 2015-02-12 Kemalism in the Periphery: Anti-Veiling Campaigns and State-Society Relations in 1930s Turkey Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op donderdag 12 februari 2015 klokke 11:15 uur door Sevgi Adak Turan geboren te Denizli in 1979 Promotiecommissie Promotores: Prof. dr. Touraj Atabaki (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. Erik-Jan Zürcher (Universiteit Leiden) Overige leden: Prof. dr. Deniz Kandiyoti (University of London, SOAS) Dr. Nicole A.N.M. van Os (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. Berteke Waaldijk (Universiteit Utrecht) In memory of my grandmother, Fatma Gazalcı Anneannem Fatma Gazalcı’nın anısına… Kemalism in the Periphery: Anti-Veiling Campaigns and State-Society Relations in 1930s Turkey © Sevgi Adak, 2015 Cover photo: A woman and her daughters in Antalya, 1933. Author’s collection. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ........................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... v Chapter 1. Introduction ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Negotiating Kemalism: the Local Elite in the Anti-Veiling Campaigns of the 1930S
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/31879 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Adak Turan, Sevgi Title: Kemalism in the periphery: anti-veiling campaigns and state-society relations in 1930s Turkey Issue Date: 2015-02-12 Chapter 4 Negotiating Kemalism: The Local Elite in the Anti-Veiling Campaigns of the 1930s “The reports of the inspectors who examined the local party branches were reviewed by the General Administrative Committee. The most striking point in the inspecting reports is the negligence and indifference shown by the local party administrators in fulfilling some of the duties that they are obliged to do according to the party regulations; duties that could be achieved simply with a little effort.”338 I. Defining the Local Elite in the Turkish Context Despite the fact that Turkish modernization under the Kemalist regime has attracted an enormous attention in social sciences and is frequently used to analyze modernization, social development and authoritarian regimes since the 1950s, the question of how this regime was working in practice, not only through the visible high politics of Ankara but in the provinces, has been left largely unanswered. In classical analyses of the early republican era, Turkey is classified as an “exclusionary single-party regime,” which builds its power on the already existing divisions in the society and uses the party organization to mobilize its political base.339 In the Turkish case, this division was the division between the Westernized and educated urban classes, on the one hand, and traditional peasant masses, on the other. The RPP had built its power base mainly on the former while trying to “educate” the latter rather than mobilizing them for political participation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Limits of Transnational Justice
    The limits of transnational justice Citation for published version (APA): Kurban, D. (2018). The limits of transnational justice: The European Court of Human Rights, Turkey and the Kurdisch conflict. Maastricht University. https://doi.org/10.26481/dis.20180223dk Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2018 DOI: 10.26481/dis.20180223dk Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.
    [Show full text]
  • Almanac Turkey 2006-2008 Security Sector and Democratic Oversight Almanac Turkey 2006-2008: Security Sector and Democratic Oversight
    ALMANAC TURKEY 2006-2008 SECURITY SECTOR AND DEMOCRATIC OVERSIGHT ALMANAC TURKEY 2006-2008: SECURITY SECTOR AND DEMOCRATIC OVERSIGHT ISBN 978-605-5832-53-7 TESEV PUBLICATIONS Editors: Ali Bayramoğlu, Ahmet İnsel Publication Coordinator: Hale Akay Prepared for Publication: Koray Özdil Translator: Leyla Tonguç Basmacı Language Editor: Laurie Freeman Design: Rauf Kösemen, Myra Page Layout: Myra Printed by: İmak Ofset Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakf› Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation Demokratikleme Program› Democratization Program Bankalar Cad. Minerva Han No: 2 Kat: 3 Karaköy 34420, İstanbul Tel: +90 212 292 89 03 PBX Fax: +90 212 292 90 46 [email protected] www.tesev.org.tr Copyright © August 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced electronically or mechanically (photocopy, storage of records or information, etc.) without the permission of the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV). This publication is partially funded by the European Union. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of TESEV and can in no way be taken to reflect the official views of the European Union and other supporting institutions. The viewpoints in this report belong to the authors and they may not necessarily concur partially or wholly with TESEV’s viewpoints as a foundation. TESEV would like to extend its thanks to the European Union, the Consulate General of Sweden in Istanbul, the Open Society Foundation, and the TESEV High Advisory Board for their contributions with regard to
    [Show full text]
  • Local Economic Development, Decentralisation and Consensus Building in Turkey
    PERGAMON Progress in Planning 54 (2000) 199±278 www.elsevier.nl/locate/pplann Local economic development, decentralisation and consensus building in Turkey GuÈl Berna OÈ zcan School of Management, Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK Abstract This study explores the prospects of decentralisation and consensus building within the context of local economic development in Turkey. The broad theoretical concern of this research is the tension between the centre and periphery in the governance structure of Turkey. Over 80 interviews from three rapidly growing medium-sized cities, Denizli, Gaziantep and Kayseri, indicate that consider- able decentralisation in recent decades has enabled municipalities and local groups to formulate and realise local projects. However, detailed case studies from Kayseri illustrate both the importance of kinship and social ties in forming alliances and identifying priorities in local politics. Charismatic individuals play a crucial role in initiating and driving local projects. The experience of Kayseri in local economic development through local initiatives demonstrates the current battles among differ- ent civic groups, numerous economic interests, and the national party agendas of political leaders. The study concludes that decentralisation has to be considered together with enhancing partici- patory democracy in governance at the local and national levels in Turkey. This transformation can only be achieved with a strong and credible state. The importance of a strong and credible state is even greater in the absence of a supranational body like the European Union within which localities can co-operate and interact. Perhaps more importantly, in the wake of unpredictable distortions imposed on localities by the globalisation of economic and ®nancial activities, localities need a safeguarding national and/or supra-national mechanism in governance as well as in policy design.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF SOCIAL and HUMAN SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Public Management Reform Experience of Turkey: Effective Factors on the Administrative Reform Process of Turkey in the Period of 1980-2010 by Osman VAROL Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors Professor Gerry Stoker Dr Ingi Iusmen August 2014 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT As a response to the enormous pressures on the nations in last three decades about reforming their public administrations, each state has taken a different path and has had different reform experiences. As a strongly developing nation having constant economic growth and rapidly transforming society, a member of almost all important international organizations of western world and an important candidate for EU full membership, Turkey has also been subject to all these pressures and experienced a rapid administrative reform process since 1980.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Annual Report Contents
    CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT RELATED TO ANNUAL REPORT ORIGINALLY ISSUED IN TURKISH To the Board of Directors of Katmerciler Araçüstü Ekipman Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. , Report On The Audit Of Board Of Directors’ Annual Report Based On The Standards On Auditing Which Is A Component Of The Turkish Auditing Standards Published By The Public Oversight Accounting And Auditing Standards Authority (“POA”) We have audited the accompanying annual report of Katmerciler Araçüstü Ekipman Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “the Group”), for the year ended 31 December 2016. Board of Directors’ Responsibility for the Annual Report Pursuant to the article 514 of the Turkish Commercial Code numbered 6102 (“TCC”) and Communiqué on the Principles of Financial Reporting In Capital Markets numbered II – 14.1 (“Communiqué”), management is responsible for the preparation of the annual report fairly and consistent with the consolidated financial statements and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of such annual report. Auditors’ Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s annual report based on our audit in accordance with article 397 of the TCC and Communiqué whether the financial information included in the accompanying annual report is consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements expressed in the auditor’s report of the Group dated 6 March 2017 and provides fair presentation. Our audit has been conducted in accordance with the Standards on Auditing which is a component of the Turkish Auditing Standards (“TAS”) published by the POA.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do Bureaucrats Push for Administrative Reform? Proposing a Model of Bureaucratic Behavior
    Cilt/Volume II Sayı/Number 1 Nisan/April 2009 Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi/Journal of Social Sciences 113 WHY DO BUREAUCRATS PUSH FOR ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM? PROPOSING A MODEL OF BUREAUCRATIC BEHAVIOR Mete YILDIZ∗ Uğur ÖMÜRGÖNÜLSEN∗∗ __________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Bureaucrats are usually portrayed as the firmest resisters against change. As a very visible exception to this tendency, Provincial Governor Mr. Recep Yazicioglu (1948- 2003) had long been considered a very vocal advocate for administrative reform in Turkey. For the last three decades, he criticized the excessive centralization, ineffectiveness, inefficiency, and unresponsiveness problems that plague the Turkish public bureaucracy. By using literature review, archival search and in-depth semi-structured interview methods, this study examines Governor Yazicioglu’s life, career, accomplishments, and evaluates the applicability of the concepts of “exemplary public administrator” (Cooper and Wright, 1992), “public service motivation” (Perry and Wise, 1990) and “exit, voice and loyalty” (Hirschman, 1970) in a non-U.S. setting. It is concluded that these concepts can be useful in explaining exemplary bureaucratic behavior in the Turkish bureaucracy when they are combined with several additional explanatory factors (i.e. political environment, positive examples, amount of risk of being a critic, longevity of criticism, providing successful examples of implementation, support of the media, and support of citizens) within a proposed behavioral model that is applicable internationally. Keywords: Administrative reform, bureaucratic behavior, exemplary public administrators ∗ Dr., Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Kamu Yönetimi ve Siyaset Bilimi Bölümü E-posta: [email protected] ∗ ∗ Dr., Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Kamu Yönetimi ve Siyaset Bilimi Bölümü E-posta: [email protected] YDÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Mise En Page 1
    Bull Angl 411 June 2019.qxp_Bull angl n° 401 August 2018 29/11/2019 18:28 Page 1 INSTITUT KURDDE PARIS E Information and liaison bulletin N° 413 AUGUST 2019 Bull Angl 411 June 2019.qxp_Bull angl n° 401 August 2018 29/11/2019 18:28 Page 2 The publication of this Bulletin enjoys a subsidy from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Ministry of Culture This bulletin is issued in French and English Price per issue : France: 6 € — Abroad : 7,5 € Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France : 60 € — Elsewhere : 75 € Monthly review Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : 01-48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01-48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: bulletin@fikp.org Bull Angl 411 June 2019.qxp_Bull angl n° 401 August 2018 29/11/2019 18:28 Page 1 Information and liaison bulletin Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 413 August 2019 • ROJAVA: CAN THE SECURITY ZONE PREVENT A TURKISH INVASION? • TURKEY: ECONOMY IN CRISIS AND GROWING OPPOSITION TO ERDO AN; NEW ATTACKS ON FREEDOM OF INFORMATION • TURKEY: NUMEROUS PROTESTS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY AFTER THE DISMISSAL OF NEW HDP MAYORS • IRAQ: CONTINUING DISAGREEMENTS OVER THE BUDGET; INTENSIFICATION OF JIHADIST ATTACKS • YEZIDI GENOCIDE: 3 AUGUST DESIGNATED AS A “DAY OF REMEMBRANCE” BY THE KURDISTAN PARLIAMENT • JIHADISTS IMPRISONED IN ROJAVA: WESTERN COUNTRIES FLEE THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES • IRAN: CHILLING THREATS FROM THE REGIME TO OPPONENTS, NUMEROUS CONVICTIONS OF KURDISH ACTIVISTS • IN MEMORIAM: DEATH OF ERAFETTIN GÜRBÜZ ROJAVA: CAN THE SECURITY ZONE PREVENT A TURKISH INVASION? n 1st August, the 13th ISIS coalition, had not been invited.
    [Show full text]