CHAPTER Procedures on Eye and Adnexa 3
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ISSN: 2320-5407 Int
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(9), 979-984 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/7759 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/7759 RESEARCH ARTICLE CORNEAL ALTERATION IN EYES WITH PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME. Dr. Tania Sadiq1, Prof. Dr. Syed Tariq Qureshi2, Dr. Arshi Nazir3 and Dr Anshulee Sood4. 1. Postgraduate Scholar, Department of ophthalmology government medical college, srinagar. 2. Professor and Head, Department of ophthalmology government medical college, srinagar. 3. Registrar, Department of ophthalmology government medical college, srinagar. 4. Fellow, Department of ophthalmology government medical college, srinagar. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) is an age-related systemic microfibrillopathy, caused by gradual deposition of Received: 24 July 2018 extracellular grey and white material over various tissues .In Final Accepted: 30 August 2018 pseudoexfoliation eyes, corneal endothelial changes are Published: September 2018 noted.Objective of Our study was to find corneal alterations among Keywords:- patients of Pseudoexfoliation syndrome of Kashmir region. Corneal Endothelium, Corneal Material And Methods:After obtaining the ethical clearance from the Endothelial cell density,Central Corneal institutional ethical committee,150 patients withPseudoexfoliation Thickness, , Pseudoexfoliation . were included in our Descriptive(Observational )study. Thorough ocular evaluation was done and corneal changes were noted including corneal endothelial cell density and Central corneal thickness using NON CONTACT specular microscope .Appropriate statistical tests were used for analyzing data. Results:Pseudoexfoliation was predominantly seen in males . Mean Central corneal thickness in Pseudoexfoliation with glaucoma eyes was(509.6+13.73μ) which was lower when compared with mean central corneal thickness in Pseudoexfoliation without glaucoma eyes (523.5+17.15 μ). -
Ciliary Zonule Sclera (Suspensory Choroid Ligament)
ACTIVITIES Complete Diagrams PNS 18 and 19 Complete PNS 23 Worksheet 3 #1 only Complete PNS 24 Practice Quiz THE SPECIAL SENSES Introduction Vision RECEPTORS Structures designed to respond to stimuli Variable complexity GENERAL PROPERTIES OF RECEPTORS Transducers Receptor potential Generator potential GENERAL PROPERTIES OF RECEPTORS Stimulus causing receptor potentials Generator potential in afferent neuron Nerve impulse SENSATION AND PERCEPTION Stimulatory input Conscious level = perception Awareness = sensation GENERAL PROPERTIES OF RECEPTORS Information conveyed by receptors . Modality . Location . Intensity . Duration ADAPTATION Reduction in rate of impulse transmission when stimulus is prolonged CLASSIFICATION OF RECEPTORS Stimulus Modality . Chemoreceptors . Thermoreceptors . Nociceptors . Mechanoreceptors . Photoreceptors CLASSIFICATION OF RECEPTORS Origin of stimuli . Exteroceptors . Interoceptors . Proprioceptors SPECIAL SENSES Vision Hearing Olfaction Gustation VISION INTRODUCTION 70% of all sensory receptors are in the eye Nearly half of the cerebral cortex is involved in processing visual information Optic nerve is one of body’s largest nerve tracts VISION INTRODUCTION The eye is a photoreceptor organ Refraction Conversion (transduction) of light into AP’s Information is interpreted in cerebral cortex Eyebrow Eyelid Eyelashes Site where conjunctiva merges with cornea Palpebral fissure Lateral commissure Eyelid Medial commissure (a) Surface anatomy of the right eye Figure 15.1a Orbicularis oculi muscle -
Eyelid Conjunctival Tumors
EYELID &CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS PHOTOGRAPHIC ATLAS Dr. Olivier Galatoire Dr. Christine Levy-Gabriel Dr. Mathieu Zmuda EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS 4 EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS Dear readers, All rights of translation, adaptation, or reproduction by any means are reserved in all countries. The reproduction or representation, in whole or in part and by any means, of any of the pages published in the present book without the prior written consent of the publisher, is prohibited and illegal and would constitute an infringement. Only reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use, and short analyses and quotations justified by the illustrative or scientific nature of the work in which they are incorporated, are authorized (Law of March 11, 1957 art. 40 and 41 and Criminal Code art. 425). EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS 5 6 EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS Foreword Dr. Serge Morax I am honored to introduce this Photographic Atlas of palpebral and conjunctival tumors,which is the culmination of the close collaboration between Drs. Olivier Galatoire and Mathieu Zmuda of the A. de Rothschild Ophthalmological Foundation and Dr. Christine Levy-Gabriel of the Curie Institute. The subject is now of unquestionable importance and evidently of great interest to Ophthalmologists, whether they are orbital- palpebral specialists or not. Indeed, errors or delays in the diagnosis of tumor pathologies are relatively common and the consequences can be serious in the case of malignant tumors, especially carcinomas. Swift diagnosis and anatomopathological confirmation will lead to a treatment, discussed in multidisciplinary team meetings, ranging from surgery to radiotherapy. -
Spontaneous Rupture of the Anterior Capsule of a Hypermature Lens
127 SINGAPORE MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 4, No. 3. September, 1963. SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE ANTERIOR CAPSULE OF A HYPERMATURE LENS By Arthur Lim Siew Ming, F.R.C.S. (Eng.), D.O. (Lond.) (Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital, Singapore) As early as 1764, Morgagni, the famous She was admitted for removal of the nucleus, anatomist wrote in his book "The seats and and was given local steroids and i % pilocar- causes of disease" about hypermature cataracts pine eye drops to the left eye every 6 hours. in the elderly. This is a type of hypermature The eye was examined daily and no change cataract which is still known by his name-the or increased tension was seen. Morgagnian cataract. On 24th. January, the nucleus was removed In 1900, Gifford described four cases of hy- through a superior limbal section with a von permature cataract resulting in "spontaneous Greafe's cataract knife extending for about 3 cure". Of these, only one retained vision and of the circumference of the limbus, after a pre - the other three were blinded by secondary glau- placed suture was inserted. coma. Since this description there were scatter- A small peripheral iridotomy was done and ed reports in the ophthalmic literature of spon- the nucleus of the lens removed without diffi- taneous rupture of the anterior capsule of the culty with a vectis, which was inserted behind hypermature cataract, with expulsion of the the nucleus and lifted it gently against the pos- contents of the lens into the anterior chamber. terior surface of the cornea in order to However, lens induced uveitis and secondary manoeuvre it out through the section. -
Plastic Surgery for Pigmented Hairy Naevus of the Eyelids by Excision and Masquerade Skin Graft
Brit. J. Ophthal. (I969) 53, 343 Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.53.5.343 on 1 May 1969. Downloaded from Plastic surgery for pigmented hairy naevus of the eyelids By excision and masquerade skin graft B. HIRSHOWITZ AND D. MAHLER Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Government Hospital, Haifa, Israel The simultaneous excision of a lesion affecting the skin of both upper and lower eyelids carries with it the problem of skin replacement. Both aesthetic and functional require- ments will have to be met in the reconstruction. Ectropion could complicate such a repair, and loss of eyelashes would add to the disfigurement. All these aspects had to be considered in a patient with a darkly pigmented hairy naevus involving both eyelids and the surrounding skin. Case report copyright. A 15-year-old boy had a deeply pigmented hairy naevus of the upper and lower eyelids on the left side. The naevus extended to both inner and outer canthi, the eyebrow, and the temporal and cheek regions (Fig. i). The ciliary borders of both eyelids were also involved. The operation was indicated because of severe psychological disturbances engendered by this disfigurement. http://bjo.bmj.com/ F_I. i Appearance before operation ......... ..... on September 26, 2021 by guest. Protected Operative technique The naevus was almost completely excised, apart from its extension into the eyebrow. Both upper and lower eyelashes were removed together with the naevus. Care was taken not to interfere with the lacrimal punctum. Immobilization of both eyelids was attained by a continuous wire suture running intratarsally. In effect, this adaptation of eyelid margins resulted in almost a complete tarsorrhaphy. -
Anatomy of the Periorbital Region Review Article Anatomia Da Região Periorbital
RevSurgicalV5N3Inglês_RevistaSurgical&CosmeticDermatol 21/01/14 17:54 Página 245 245 Anatomy of the periorbital region Review article Anatomia da região periorbital Authors: Eliandre Costa Palermo1 ABSTRACT A careful study of the anatomy of the orbit is very important for dermatologists, even for those who do not perform major surgical procedures. This is due to the high complexity of the structures involved in the dermatological procedures performed in this region. A 1 Dermatologist Physician, Lato sensu post- detailed knowledge of facial anatomy is what differentiates a qualified professional— graduate diploma in Dermatologic Surgery from the Faculdade de Medician whether in performing minimally invasive procedures (such as botulinum toxin and der- do ABC - Santo André (SP), Brazil mal fillings) or in conducting excisions of skin lesions—thereby avoiding complications and ensuring the best results, both aesthetically and correctively. The present review article focuses on the anatomy of the orbit and palpebral region and on the important structures related to the execution of dermatological procedures. Keywords: eyelids; anatomy; skin. RESU MO Um estudo cuidadoso da anatomia da órbita é muito importante para os dermatologistas, mesmo para os que não realizam grandes procedimentos cirúrgicos, devido à elevada complexidade de estruturas envolvidas nos procedimentos dermatológicos realizados nesta região. O conhecimento detalhado da anatomia facial é o que diferencia o profissional qualificado, seja na realização de procedimentos mini- mamente invasivos, como toxina botulínica e preenchimentos, seja nas exéreses de lesões dermatoló- Correspondence: Dr. Eliandre Costa Palermo gicas, evitando complicações e assegurando os melhores resultados, tanto estéticos quanto corretivos. Av. São Gualter, 615 Trataremos neste artigo da revisão da anatomia da região órbito-palpebral e das estruturas importan- Cep: 05455 000 Alto de Pinheiros—São tes correlacionadas à realização dos procedimentos dermatológicos. -
A Case of Dense Pigment Deposition of the Posterior Lens Capsule Igor Šivec Trampuž
Trampuž BMC Ophthalmology (2020) 20:458 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01728-y CASE REPORT Open Access A case of dense pigment deposition of the posterior lens capsule Igor Šivec Trampuž Abstract Background: Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is a well-known entity which can lead to pigmentary glaucoma (PG). This case report presents a rare presentation of PG with bilateral dense pigment deposits of the posterior lens capsule. Case presentation: A 72-year-old male came for his first appointment due to an asymmetric worsening of visual acuity. The examination showed unilaterally severely increased intraocular pressure, bilateral dense pigment deposition of the posterior lens capsule, and a shallow unilateral optic disk excavation. Gonioscopy revealed moderate pigmentation of the angle and a concave configuration of the peripheral iris in both eyes. The standard slit lamp examination showed no transillumination defects of either iris. Optical coherence tomography showed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in the peripapillary and macular regions. An antiglaucoma medication was prescribed with a good lowering effect. Conclusion: Pigment deposition of the posterior lens capsule, which has been rarely reported, is a possible important sign of PDS or PG. Keywords: Pigmentary dispersion syndrome, Pigmentary glaucoma, Retinal nerve fiber layer, Intraocular pressure, Deposits, Posterior lens capsule, Optic neuropathy Background have been described [2, 8]. PDS typically affects myopic Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is a relatively rare patients between 20 and 40 years of age and can be seen and peculiar entity that can lead to a secondary elevation equally distributed between men and women [2, 9, 10]. of intraocular pressure (IOP) and cause pigmentary glau- It is reported that it affects Caucasians more often than coma (PG). -
May-Gradually Disappear. It Is Well Known That in the Case of Glaucoma The,Pigment of The
Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.32.7.423 on 1 July 1948. Downloaded from PROLIFERATION OF PIGMENT EPITHELIUM 423 00 been so often recommended for the lid-margin. They all lead too -easily to depressions or decubital ulcers, on the lid-margin- which are particularly disfiguring. The exact but not tight simple knotting is the safest way, according to our experience. CONTRIBUTION TO DATA ON SIGHT DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY PROLIFERATION OF PIGMENT EPITHELIUM* f (An unusual complication after cataract extraction) BY MAGDA RADN6OT BUDAPEST SIGHT disturbance of patients suffering from iridecyclitis and glaucoma may be caused by pigment deposits on the capsule of the lens. In the case of iridocyclitis, especially when enlargement of the pupil is not performed in time, granulated pigment is found some- copyright. tirnes on the place of the synechia posterior. This is a remainder of the pigment epithelium. Correspondingly a lack of pigment may arise in the iris. After a time the pigment on the capsule of lens may-gradually disappear. It is well known that in the case of glaucoma the,pigment of the iris may be scattered as this fact is mentioned as one of the causes http://bjo.bmj.com/ for glaucoma. In such cases lots of pigment may be observed partly on the posterior surface of the cornea partly on the capsule of lens. In eyes treated for a long time with pilocarpine, pigment cysts are developed, pictures of them can be seen in Vogt's atlas. Pupils constantly contracted with pilocarpine, if they are allowed to enlarge, or are enlarged if possible with tonogen (adrenaline) show a sur- prising amount of pigment deposited on the capsule of the lens. -
The Structural Proteins of the Rabbit Eye Lens After X-Irradiation
THE STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE RABBIT EYE LENS AFTER X-IRRADIATION K.N.LIEM-THE THE STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE RABBIT EYE LENS AFTER X-IRRADIATION PROMOTOR: DR. H.J.HOENDERS CO-PROMOTOR: PROF.DR. H. BLOEMENDAL. THE STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF THE RABBIT EYE LENS AFTER X-IRRADIAT1ON PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE WISKUNDE EN NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN AAN DE KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT TE NIJMEGEN, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS, PROF.MR. F.J.F.M. DUYNSTEE, VOLGE; S BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DECANEN IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP DONDERDAG 17 APRIL 1975 DES NAMIDDAGS TE 2 UUR PRECIES door KI AM NIO LIEM-THE geboren te Soerabaya Druk: Offsetdrukkerij Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen Nijmegen S I I- 1.1 IN (J 1 N 1 Bij de isoleung v<ni crysidllines is het aan te bevelen urn ais eerste methode gebruik te maken van moleculaire /.even m plaats van ioneiiwisselaars. II Het woord "Inalin bodies" in leverbiOpten is een betere, meer algemene naamgeving dan de term Mallory bodies'. UI De door Honnell en Selander getrolcken conclusie dat bij zeeolifanten een uniforme homozygotie van de door hen genoemde loei aanwezig zou zijn, is onjuist. Mi. D..nnell en i? K Selander, Scicnce [84.90H-909 (1974) IV Het is onwaarschijnlijk dat de "fractie f' in konmginnegelei van de honingbij ( Royal jelK I een "crjongende werking heeft op de menselijke huid. De door Satoh verstrekte gegevens over de verdeling van lenseiwitten in de humane lens. kunnen slechts zeer globaal worden beschouwd. K Satoh. I \p. Cye RL-S. -
Surgical Management of Carcinoma Ofeyelids and Periorbital Skin
Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.63.8.578 on 1 August 1979. Downloaded from British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1979, 63, 578-585 Surgical management of carcinoma of eyelids and periorbital skin HEMANT MEHTA From the Department of Ophthalmology, Caernarvonshire and Anglesey General Hospital, Bangor, Gwynedd SUMMARY An appraisal of a personal series of 115 unselected and surgically treated cutaneous cancers of palpebral region is presented. Histological confirmation of the diagnosis and adequacy of excision was obtained for all lesions. Seven of the 8 patients with doubtful clearance were successfully treated with further surgery very soon. Complications were few, the incidence of re- operations low, and cosmetic as well as functional results were mostly satisfactory. Tumour recurred in 1 case (087%). Two patients had a poor cosmetic result. Seventy-nine cases (69%) were treated as day cases under local anaesthesia even for major repairs like full-thickness reconstruction of two-thirds of the lower eyelid and repairs with large full-thickness skin grafts of up to 20 x 55 mm by a new simple technique of graft fixation. The use of longer-acting local anaesthetics in oculoplastic surgery is described. Attention is drawn to the dangers of using direct wound closure for repair. Apart from the readily observable cosmetic blemish 2 by radiotherapy and 4 by surgery, including a that they produce malignant tumours of the skin rodent ulcer that was curetted elsewhere, having of the eyelids and periorbita differ from cutaneous been mistaken for a meibomian cyst. All excised malignancies elsewhere by their tendency to damage lesions were examined histologically for confirma- the ocular and adnexal structures either by direct tion of diagnosis and completeness of excision. -
Simultaneous Mode a and Mode B Echobiometry of Senile Cataractous Eyes in Dogs
Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.62, n.1, p.42-46, 2010 Simultaneous mode A and mode B echobiometry of senile cataractous eyes in dogs [Ecobiometria simultânea em modos A e B de olhos acometidos por catarata senil, em cães ] B.C. Martins 1, F.S. Lima 2, J.L. Laus 1 1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n 14884-900 – Jaboticabal, SP 2Aluno de pós-graduação - University of Florida – Gainesville, USA ABSTRACT The evaluation of lens by ultrasonography, previously to phacoemulsification, can offer relevant information, markedly such as aspects and dimensions, allowing design safer surgical strategies with enhanced outcomes. Within the contents of this research, the biometry was performed in lens of dogs with senile immature, mature, and diabetic cataracts, previously to phacoemulsification, using mode A and mode B ultrasonography, simultaneously. The values obtained for axial diameter of the eyes, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous chamber were, respectively, 19.22mm, 2.35mm, 7.94mm, and 8.94mm. Diabetic cataractous lens were larger (8.90mm), compared to mature cataract (8.12mm). Lens with immature cataract were smaller in dimension than those with mature and diabetic cataracts. Keywords: dog, echobiometry, cataract RESUMO A avaliação da lente pela ultrassonografia, previamente à facoemulsificação, pode fornecer informações relevantes, notadamente, quanto ao seu aspecto e dimensões, que permitem delinear estratégias cirúrgicas mais seguras e com melhores resultados. Nesta pesquisa, realizou-se a biometria da lente de cães acometidos por catarata senil imatura, madura ou diabética, previamente à facoemulsificação, valendo-se da ultrassonografia em modo A e B, simultaneamente. -
Question 1. Parts of the Sensory System. Functions. Question 2. Types of the Receptor Cells in Sensory Organs
Controll questions 1. Parts of the sensory system. Functions. 2. Types of the receptor cells in sensory organs. 3. General structures of the eye. 4. Embryonic development of the eye. 5. Layers of the eyeball. Their tissues organization and functions. 6. Structure and functions of the lens. 7. Chambers of the eye. 8. Characteristic of the retina’s neurons. 9. Layers of the retina. 10. Structure and functions of blind and yellow maculae of the eye. 11. Structure and functions of the rods and cons. 12. Olfactory organ. Question 1. Parts of the sensory system. Functions. Information about the external and internal environment is conveyed to the central nervous system by sensory system. Sensory system consists of three part: 1) the peripheral part is represented by sensory organs that provide the perception of different irritations, such as sound, light waves and so on; 2) the middle part is represented by nerves, providing transmission of irritations to the brain; 3) the central part is represented by brain, containing different centers for the analysis of information. Question 2. Types of the receptor cells in sensory organs. Receptor cells are principle cells of the sense organs. There are three types of sensory cells: 1) Primary receptor cells (nerve-sensory), that are nerve cells developing from neural tube. They are present in visual and olfactory organs. 2) Secondary receptor cells (sensoepithelial). They are special epithelial cells developing from ectoderm. They are present in taste, vestibular or equilibrium and acoustic or hearing organs. 3) Neurons developing from neural tube and neural crests and forming sensory nerve endings.