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(USF&G) Building B-5318 U.S. Fidelity and Guaranty (USF&G) Building Architectural Survey File This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps. Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment. All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust. Last Updated: 11-18-2019 MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST NR Eligible: yes.j£ DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY FORM no a operty Name: U.S. Fidelity and Guaranty (USF&G) Building Inventory Number: 8-5318 Address : I oo Historic district: yes X no C ity : B altimore Zipcode: 21202 County: Baltinore city USGS Quadrangle(s): Baltimore East Property owner: loo Chain city LLC Tax Account ID Number: 03 04110671001 Tax Map parcel Number(s): 0000 TaxMapNumber: 0004 Project: Baltimore-Washington SCMAGLEV project Agency: Federal Railroad Admininstration Agency prepared By: AECOM Preparer's Name : Mikayla Raymond, MS Date prepared: 3/7/2019 Documentation is presented in: Preparer's Eligibility Recoinmendation: X Eligibility recommended Eligibility not recommended Criteria: X A 8 X C D Considerations: A 8 C D E FG Complete if the property is a contributing or non-contributing resource to a NR district/property: Name of the Districtffroperty: ---------,. _______ ___ __ __ _ i_ __ _ __ _ _ ____i__ ____ ____ __` , Inventory Number: Eligible: yes Listed: yes -L_..===~-___--____I::::==::.=====:__`_-_===J:-====:=-== aitevisitbyMHTMHT staff staff yesyes XX no no Name: Name: Date: Description of property and Justification: /PJeczfc a/fczcfe mczp cz#dpfeofo/ The U.S. Fidelity & Guaranty (USF&G) Building at loo Light Street in Baltimore's Imer Harbor was built between 1971 and 1973 in the block bound by East Lombard Street to the north, Light Street to the east, East Pratt Street to the south, and Charles Street to the west. The building is located in the northwestern quadrant of the 1.953 acre property, with large, landscaped plazas to the south and east (SDAT 2018). At 529 feet in height and 40 stories, the building is the tallest building in the state of Maryland and the tallest between Philadelphia and Charlotte. The building is of reinforced concrete with Spanish pink granite cladding. Its construction utilized a then-revolutionary technique of first constructing a central, reinforced concrete central column containing elevators and service infrastructure conduits, and then building outwards and upwards via steel horizon beams (Skyscraper Center n.d.). The building has gone by several names and primary tenants, including the Legg Mason Building, and most recently the Transamerica Building. The property location is shown on Figures I -I and 1-2. Photographs of the property are included in Figures 2-1 through 2-4. The building is a modemist feat of concrete and steel construction and was designed by Vlastimil Koubek & Associates. Vlastimil Koubek was prominent Czech-American architect and principal of vlastimil Koubek and Associates who significantly contributed to the evolution of the Washington, DC skyline (Washington Post 2003, St. Petersburg Times 1967). The USF&G building is one MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST REVIEW Eligibility recommended X Eligibility not recommended Criteria: A B--`kc D Considerations: A 8 C D E F G MHT Comlnents: Tv€A`i:1=D ^5 hLe-El\enBtf fbeLiiegefr C¥AWNiNGr CbeibsE+e. roll+ 6B NFz-Ei+art6Le wHci+ EE=^£++€s fro tEAi Aa± it+£ggl+ot-I- 2o23. er, Office of Preservation Services cO lt a '3 5 I NR-ELIGIBILITY REVIEW FORh4 8-5318 U.S. Fidelitv and Guarantv fusF&G` Building of his most significant works outside of washington, DC. Koubek was hired by the USF&G Company on a $10,000,000 contract after a public bidding process with the requirements that the building could only cover twenty percent of the 88,000 square foot lot (Baltimore Sun 1968). Other bidders included prominent architects Louis Kahn, Pietro Belluschi, and Vincent Kling (Baltimore Sun 1995). The main contractor was Huber Hunt & Nichols with building monitoring and fapade consultation by Vidaris, Inc. and landscaping by Design Collective. Enis Y. Baskam served as the structural engineer (Kidder Smith 1995). Ground was broken on the project in June 1970, and the frame was topped out by April 1971. Constmction of the 36-story-tall core took just six weeks to construct, or about a floor a day. The building was not completed until 1974 (Baltimore Sun 1995). Soon after construction, the building faced several electrical "bugs" and by 1974 the fact that three of the building's twelve elevators were now operational was touted as a success (Baltimore Sun 1974). The building has a total gross floor area of 529,993 square feet, organized into forty floors with a total height of 529 feet. Built on a concrete pedestal, the central utility and elevator core was first constructed of reinforced concrete, with two paired columns at each of the four comers with extending piers and framings in steel (Kidder Smith 1995). The construction method is visible in aerials taken while the building was under construction in 1971, which show the completed, central concrete core rising above the few surrounding floors that have been constructed (NETR 1971 ). The USF&G building is rectangular in plan with chamfer edges, with its main entrance along Charles Street. The building is horizontally organized by 33 rows of reflective ribbon windows, interspersed with alternating Spanish pink granite tile-clad, lipped horizontal expansions. The top several floors of the building are unadomed aside from the lit "Transamerica" sign, which previously read "Legg Mason." The mass of the blank pink granite crown is matched by a thick band of granite tiles along several of the lower floors. At the bottom floor, the massing of the granite is pulled back to a few squared stmctural columns, clad in the same pink granite, and a glass cube is nestled within the building's footprint, serving as an atrium and main entry to the building. There are three stories of parking below streel level. The building was the headquarters of usF&G from 1973 to the mid-1990s (Baltimore Sun 2008) before it was sold to the Legg Mason Investment Company for S loo,000,000 in 1984 (Baltimore Sun 1984). The building was owned by Legg Mason Investment Company until 2009 (The Daily Record 2015). In 2011, the building was renamed the Transamerica Tower. The building has also hosted several other significant Baltimore institutions, including the Center Club of Baltimore, a networking and social club founded in 1962 which has been located in the USF&G building since 1986 (Baltimore Business Journal 2018). The Center Club was the first private club in the city of Baltimore to admit African-American and Jewish members, and the club continues to promote diversity in leadership and business from its headquarters on the 15th and 16th floors of the 100 Light Street (Baltimore Sun 2012). USF&G was the first building constructed as part of the waterfront renewal project launched by Baltimore Mayor Theodore MCKeldin in 1963 (Baltimore Sun 1995). The project swiftly changed the character of Baltimore's inner harbor (see Figure 2-4, Warren n.d.), and spurred further development of Baltimore's inner harbor, which in the 1970s and 1980s became a worldwide model of urban planning and development, winning a citation from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) calling the inner harbor "one of the supreme achievements of large-scale urban design and development in U.S. History" (AIA 1984) and the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) honor award in 1973 (ASLA 1973). David Wallace, of firm Wallace Roberts and Todd, who designed the master site plan for the Inner Harbor went on to describe the USF&G Building the "linchpin for the Inner Harbor" development (Baltimore Sun 2003). The building was significantly rehabilitated in 2011 by Baltimore-based architecture firm Design Collective. Their renovation included the redesign and reconfiguration of the plazas surrounding the building, including the installation of the decorative trellis NR-ELIGIBILITY REVIEW FORh4 8-5318 U.S. Fidelity and Guaranty /USF&G` Building Page 3 on the eastern plaza. Materials from the building, primarily large, granite railings from the building's fa9ade were reused as raised walls and curbs within the landscape (Design Collective n.d.). The project was awarded the 2014 Commercial/Industrial Design Award by AIA Baltimore (AIA Baltimore n.d.). The U.S. Fidelity and Guaranty Building is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRIIT) under Criteria A and C. It is eligible under Criteria A as the first building construction as part of the Inner Harbor renewal, a worldwide model and award- winning example of urban plarming and development. Under Criterion C, the property is significant as the work of vlastimil Koubek and for its innovative engineering design. The USF&G Building maintains integrity of location, design, setting, materials, association, workmanship, and feeling. Alterations have largely been limited to the plazas and landscaping around the building. No major alterations have been made to the building since its completion in 1973, aside from alterations and re-landscaping of the south and east plazas c.
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