Hebrew Numerals
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Moses Hayim Luzzatto's Quest for Providence
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 'Like Iron to a Magnet': Moses Hayim Luzzatto's Quest for Providence David Sclar Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/380 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] “Like Iron to a Magnet”: Moses Hayim Luzzatto’s Quest for Providence By David Sclar A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 David Sclar All Rights Reserved This Manuscript has been read and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the Dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Prof. Jane S. Gerber _______________ ____________________________________ Date Chair of the Examining Committee Prof. Helena Rosenblatt _______________ ____________________________________ Date Executive Officer Prof. Francesca Bregoli _______________________________________ Prof. Elisheva Carlebach ________________________________________ Prof. Robert Seltzer ________________________________________ Prof. David Sorkin ________________________________________ Supervisory Committee iii Abstract “Like Iron to a Magnet”: Moses Hayim Luzzatto’s Quest for Providence by David Sclar Advisor: Prof. Jane S. Gerber This dissertation is a biographical study of Moses Hayim Luzzatto (1707–1746 or 1747). It presents the social and religious context in which Luzzatto was variously celebrated as the leader of a kabbalistic-messianic confraternity in Padua, condemned as a deviant threat by rabbis in Venice and central and eastern Europe, and accepted by the Portuguese Jewish community after relocating to Amsterdam. -
13054-Duodecimal.Pdf
Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal to encode Duodecimal Digit Forms in the UCS Author: Karl Pentzlin Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2013-03-30 1. Introduction The duodecimal system (also called dozenal) is a positional numbering system using 12 as its base, similar to the well-known decimal (base 10) and hexadecimal (base 16) systems. Thus, it needs 12 digits, instead of ten digits like the decimal system. It is used by teachers to explain the decimal system by comparing it to an alternative, by hobbyists (see e.g. fig. 1), and by propagators who claim it being superior to the decimal system (mostly because thirds can be expressed by a finite number of digits in a "duodecimal point" presentation). • Besides mathematical and hobbyist publications, the duodecimal system has appeared as subject in the press (see e.g. [Bellos 2012] in the English newspaper "The Guardian" from 2012-12-12, where the lack of types to represent these digits correctly is explicitly stated). Such examples emphasize the need of the encoding of the digit forms proposed here. While it is common practice to represent the extra six digits needed for the hexadecimal system by the uppercase Latin capital letters A,B.C,D,E,F, there is no such established convention regarding the duodecimal system. Some proponents use the Latin letters T and E as the first letters of the English names of "ten" and "eleven" (which obviously is directly perceivable only for English speakers). -
Vigesimal Numerals on Ifẹ̀ (Togo) and Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) Dialects of Yorùbá
Vigesimal Numerals on Ifẹ̀ (Togo) and Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) Dialects of Yorùbá Felix Abídèmí Fábùnmi (Ilé-Ifẹ̀) Abstract This study intends to bring Ifẹ̀ (Togo) into a linguistic limelight using the numeral systems. Numerals are a very important aspect of the day to day socio-economic and linguistic life of Ifẹ̀ (Togo) people. The traditional Ifẹ̀ (Togo) number system is vigesimal. In this study, forty- two different number words are listed for Yorùbá Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) and Yorùbá Ifẹ̀ (Togo) and compared with Standard Yorùbá. We compared the Ifẹ̀ (Togo) number words and counting patterns with that of the Standard Yorùbá and Ifẹ̀ (Nigeria) and discovered that, by the nature of the components of these numbers, majority of the basic number words are either bisyllabic or trisyllabic, each syllable having the form VCV for the cardinals, and CVCV for the ordinals. There are irregularities in tonality; there are also alternations in the sequences of the vowel (oral and nasalized) and consonant sounds. This work finds out that Ifẹ̀ (Togo) has two counting patterns. In the first pattern, it uses addition solely to derive the number words but with a counting pattern where 'ten', 'twenty' and the added number units are taken as a whole. In the second counting pattern, subtraction is used to derive number words but this is applicable only to three numbers i. e. seventeen – /mɛ́ɛtadínóɡú/, eighteen – /méèʤìdínóɡu/ and nineteen – /mɔ̀kɔ̃dínoɡ́ u/. The Ifẹ̀ (Togo) dialect of Yorùbá mostly uses additive number positions. The dialect favours additive number positions more than the subtractive and the multiplicative positions. In other words, higher numbers are frequently used as bases for addition not as bases for multiplication in Ifẹ̀ (Togo). -
Zero Displacement Ternary Number System: the Most Economical Way of Representing Numbers
Revista de Ciências da Computação, Volume III, Ano III, 2008, nº3 Zero Displacement Ternary Number System: the most economical way of representing numbers Fernando Guilherme Silvano Lobo Pimentel , Bank of Portugal, Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper concerns the efficiency of number systems. Following the identification of the most economical conventional integer number system, from a solid criteria, an improvement to such system’s representation economy is proposed which combines the representation efficiency of positional number systems without 0 with the possibility of representing the number 0. A modification to base 3 without 0 makes it possible to obtain a new number system which, according to the identified optimization criteria, becomes the most economic among all integer ones. Key Words: Positional Number Systems, Efficiency, Zero Resumo Este artigo aborda a questão da eficiência de sistemas de números. Partindo da identificação da mais económica base inteira de números de acordo com um critério preestabelecido, propõe-se um melhoramento à economia de representação nessa mesma base através da combinação da eficiência de representação de sistemas de números posicionais sem o zero com a possibilidade de representar o número zero. Uma modificação à base 3 sem zero permite a obtenção de um novo sistema de números que, de acordo com o critério de optimização identificado, é o sistema de representação mais económico entre os sistemas de números inteiros. Palavras-Chave: Sistemas de Números Posicionais, Eficiência, Zero 1 Introduction Counting systems are an indispensable tool in Computing Science. For reasons that are both technological and user friendliness, the performance of information processing depends heavily on the adopted numbering system. -
The Hexadecimal Number System and Memory Addressing
C5537_App C_1107_03/16/2005 APPENDIX C The Hexadecimal Number System and Memory Addressing nderstanding the number system and the coding system that computers use to U store data and communicate with each other is fundamental to understanding how computers work. Early attempts to invent an electronic computing device met with disappointing results as long as inventors tried to use the decimal number sys- tem, with the digits 0–9. Then John Atanasoff proposed using a coding system that expressed everything in terms of different sequences of only two numerals: one repre- sented by the presence of a charge and one represented by the absence of a charge. The numbering system that can be supported by the expression of only two numerals is called base 2, or binary; it was invented by Ada Lovelace many years before, using the numerals 0 and 1. Under Atanasoff’s design, all numbers and other characters would be converted to this binary number system, and all storage, comparisons, and arithmetic would be done using it. Even today, this is one of the basic principles of computers. Every character or number entered into a computer is first converted into a series of 0s and 1s. Many coding schemes and techniques have been invented to manipulate these 0s and 1s, called bits for binary digits. The most widespread binary coding scheme for microcomputers, which is recog- nized as the microcomputer standard, is called ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). (Appendix B lists the binary code for the basic 127- character set.) In ASCII, each character is assigned an 8-bit code called a byte. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/25/2021 11:36:06AM Via Free Access Hybridity Versus Revivability 41
HYBRIDITY VERSUS REVIVABILITY: MULTIPLE CAUSATION, FORMS AND PATTERNS Ghil‘ad Zuckermann Associate Professor and ARC Discovery Fellow in Linguistics The University of Queensland, Australia Abstract The aim of this article is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous multiple causation, the revival of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists’ mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybridic genetic and typological character. The article highlights salient morphological constructions and categories, illustrating the difficulty in determining a single source for the grammar of Israeli, somewhat misleadingly a.k.a. ‘Modern Hebrew’. The European impact in these features is apparent inter alia in structure, semantics or productivity. Multiple causation is manifested in the Congruence Principle, according to which if a feature exists in more than one contributing language, it is more likely to persist in the emerging language. Consequently, the reality of linguistic genesis is far more complex than a simple family tree system allows. ‘Revived’ languages are unlikely to have a single parent. The multisourced nature of Israeli and the role of the Congruence Principle in its genesis have implications for historical linguistics, language planning and the study of language, culture and identity. “Linguistic and social factors are closely interrelated in the development of language change. Explanations which are confined to one or the other aspect, no matter how well constructed, will fail to account for the rich body of regularities that can be observed in empirical studies of language behavior.” Weinreich, Labov & Herzog 1968: 188. -
The Chinese Rod Numeral Legacy and Its Impact on Mathematics* Lam Lay Yong Mathematics Department National University of Singapore
The Chinese Rod Numeral Legacy and its Impact on Mathematics* Lam Lay Yong Mathematics Department National University of Singapore First, let me explain the Chinese rod numeral system. Since the Warring States period {480 B.C. to 221 B.C.) to the 17th century A.D. the Chinese used a bundle of straight rods for computation. These rods, usually made from bamboo though they could be made from other materials such as bone, wood, iron, ivory and jade, were used to form the numerals 1 to 9 as follows: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 II Ill Ill I IIIII T II Note that for numerals 6 to 9, a horizontal rod represents the quantity five. A numeral system which uses place values with ten as base requires only nine signs. Any numeral of such a system is formed from among these nine signs which are placed in specific place positions relative to each other. Our present numeral system, commonly known as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, is based on this concept; the value of each numeral determines the choice of digits from the nine signs 1, 2, ... , 9 anq their place positions. The place positions are called units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on, and each is occupied by at most one digit. The Chinese rod system employs the same concept. However, since its nine signs are formed from rod tallies, if a number such as 34 were repre sented as Jll\IU , this would inevitably lead to ambiguity and confusion. To * Text of Presidential Address delivered at the Society's Annual General Meeting on 20 March 1987. -
Outlining the Following Shows How Outline Format Is Set up and Used
Outlining The following shows how outline format is set up and used: I. Main point follows a Roman numeral. A. Minor points follow behind capital letters. B. Each minor point must refer to or be a part of the major point above 1. If there are subpoints below the minor point, use Arabic numerals. 2. Notice that each point is indented from according to its importance. 3. Each subpoint must be related to or a part of the minor point it follows. a. If there are points below subpoints, they use lower case letters. b. They are indented below the subpoint and are related to the subpoint or part of the subpoint above it. 1.) Sometimes, there are even smaller subdivisions, 2.) And these use Arabic numerals with a parenthesis. C. The next minor point below the major point II. Next Major point follows Roman numeral II. A. Minor point B. Minor point 1. Subpoint 2. Subpoint Then this same pattern and format continues until the outline is complete. Often when preparing to write an essay, the major points match the key ideas that would be in the topic sentences for the paragraphs of the essay. The first Roman numeral would be for the introductory paragraph, the next for the first body paragraph, the third for the second body paragraph, with the total number of Roman Numerals equal to the number of paragraphs in the essay. Outlines can also be used as a guide for oral presentations or for other kinds of reporting, and sometimes outlines serve as the final communication. -
El Infinito Y El Lenguaje En La Kabbalah Judía: Un Enfoque Matemático, Lingüístico Y Filosófico
El Infinito y el Lenguaje en la Kabbalah judía: un enfoque matemático, lingüístico y filosófico Mario Javier Saban Cuño DEPARTAMENTO DE MATEMÁTICA APLICADA ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR EL INFINITO Y EL LENGUAJE EN LA KABBALAH JUDÍA: UN ENFOQUE MATEMÁTICO, LINGÜÍSTICO Y FILOSÓFICO Mario Javier Sabán Cuño Tesis presentada para aspirar al grado de DOCTOR POR LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE Métodos Matemáticos y Modelización en Ciencias e Ingeniería DOCTORADO EN MATEMÁTICA Dirigida por: DR. JOSUÉ NESCOLARDE SELVA Agradecimientos Siempre temo olvidarme de alguna persona entre los agradecimientos. Uno no llega nunca solo a obtener una sexta tesis doctoral. Es verdad que medita en la soledad los asuntos fundamentales del universo, pero la gran cantidad de familia y amigos que me han acompañado en estos últimos años son los co-creadores de este trabajo de investigación sobre el Infinito. En primer lugar a mi esposa Jacqueline Claudia Freund quien decidió en el año 2002 acompañarme a Barcelona dejando su vida en la Argentina para crear la hermosa familia que tenemos hoy. Ya mis dos hermosos niños, a Max David Saban Freund y a Lucas Eli Saban Freund para que logren crecer y ser felices en cualquier trabajo que emprendan en sus vidas y que puedan vislumbrar un mundo mejor. Quiero agradecer a mi padre David Saban, quien desde la lejanía geográfica de la Argentina me ha estimulado siempre a crecer a pesar de las dificultades de la vida. De él he aprendido dos de las grandes virtudes que creo poseer, la voluntad y el esfuerzo. Gracias papá. Esta tesis doctoral en Matemática Aplicada tiene una inmensa deuda con el Dr. -
A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew
THE MASTER’S SEMINARY A GRAMMAR FOR BIBLICAL HEBREW ttyyrrIbIb.[.[i i William D. Barrick Irvin A. Busenitz Revised Edition 2 Barrick & Busenitz, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew © 2011 Grace Books International Sun Valley, CA BWHEBB, BWHEBL, BWTRANSH [Hebrew]; BWGRKL, BWGRKN, and BWGRKI [Greek] Postscript® Type 1 and TrueTypeT fonts Copyright © 1994–2009 BibleWorks, LLC. All rights reserved. These Biblical Greek and Hebrew fonts are used with permission and are from BibleWorks, software for Biblical exegesis and research. Barrick & Busenitz, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew 3 PREFACE Originally, the authors had composed their own individual grammars during the course of teaching Biblical Hebrew on the seminary level for many years. It was a pleasant surprise to find that each had adhered to the same basic philosophy of teaching Hebrew grammar. There were some areas that had been developed differently, but the general design was harmonious. A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew represents a combining of those two grammars. It is our hope and prayer that the use of this grammar will prove to be a joyful exercise resulting in an understanding of the Hebrew Old Testament. For this revised edition the authors present a totally new and updated vocabulary for the lessons and for the appendixes. Special thanks is offered to Dr. Michael Grisanti, who has read and commented on this grammar as it has been (and is being) developed, and to Scott Bashoor, Brian Rickett, and Bryan Murphy who have taught the course with this textbook for a number of years. Thanks are also due to all those students who have patiently endured (and who are enduring) the process of developing and testing this volume in the classroom. -
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https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] The Role of The Intellect In The Medieval Jewish and Islamic Mystical Traditions: A Comparative Study Between R Abulafia and Shaykh Suhrawardi By MARLINE SHAHEEN A Special Study presented as part of the requirement for the degree of Master of Theology University of Glasgow March 2000 ProQuest Number: 10390791 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10390791 Published by ProQuest LLO (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLO. -
Morgenstern Is a Senior Fellow at the Shalem Center in Jerusalem
Dispersion and the Longing for Zion, 1240-1840 rie orgenstern t has become increasingly accepted in recent years that Zionism is a I strictly modern nationalist movement, born just over a century ago, with the revolutionary aim of restoring Jewish sovereignty in the land of Israel. And indeed, Zionism was revolutionary in many ways: It rebelled against a tradition that in large part accepted the exile, and it attempted to bring to the Jewish people some of the nationalist ideas that were animat- ing European civilization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centu- ries. But Zionist leaders always stressed that their movement had deep historical roots, and that it drew its vitality from forces that had shaped the Jewish consciousness over thousands of years. One such force was the Jewish faith in a national redemption—the belief that the Jews would ultimately return to the homeland from which they had been uprooted. This tension, between the modern and the traditional aspects of Zion- ism, has given rise to a contentious debate among scholars in Israel and elsewhere over the question of how the Zionist movement should be described. Was it basically a modern phenomenon, an imitation of the winter 5762 / 2002 • 71 other nationalist movements of nineteenth-century Europe? If so, then its continuous reference to the traditional roots of Jewish nationalism was in reality a kind of facade, a bid to create an “imaginary community” by selling a revisionist collective memory as if it had been part of the Jewish historical consciousness all along. Or is it possible to accept the claim of the early Zionists, that at the heart of their movement stood far more ancient hopes—and that what ultimately drove the most remarkable na- tional revival of modernity was an age-old messianic dream? For many years, it was the latter belief that prevailed among historians of Zionism.