Proposed Osoyoos Airport Development – Environmental Assessment
Osoyoos, British Columbia
Prepared for: Town of Osoyoos Box 3010 8707 Main Street Osoyoos, B.C., V0H 1V0
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REPORT TO Barry Romanko CAO Town of Osoyoos Box 3010 8707 Main Street Osoyoos, B.C., V0H 1V0
FOR Proposed Osoyoos Airport Development, Environmental Assessment
PREPARED BY EBB Environmental Consulting Inc. PO Box 18180 1215C 56th Street Delta, British Columbia, V4L 2M4 Phone: 604-943-3209 Fax: 604-948-3273 Toll-Free: 1-877-943-3209 Website: www.ebbconsulting.ca Email: [email protected]
PRINCIPAL CONTACT Oliver Busby, MBA, RPBio, PAg Mobile: 604-219-2412 Email: [email protected]
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Document Limitations
This document was prepared exclusively for the Town of Osoyoos. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations in this document are based on the expertise and experience of EBB personnel based on: 1) the information available at the time of preparation; 2) data supplied by outside sources; and, 3) the assumptions, conditions, and qualifications set forth in this document. While professional judgement and standard practices were used in interpreting external third party data, EBB did not verify the accuracy and quality of externally provided data.
Respectfully submitted;
EBB Environmental Consulting Inc. Original signed by:
Prepared: Senior Review: Geoff Smart, BSc, PBiol, RPBio Oliver Busby, MBA, RPBio, PAg Biologist Principal
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Table of Contents
1 Project Overview ...... 1 1.1 Site Context ...... 1 1.1.1 Location ...... 1 1.1.2 Ecosystems and Climate ...... 3 1.1.3 Current Land Uses, Zoning, and Encumbrances ...... 3 2 Background Information Review ...... 3 2.1 Reports and Literature ...... 3 2.2 Digital Databases ...... 4 2.3 Spatial Data ...... 5 3 Field Inventory ...... 5 3.1 Inventory Methodology ...... 5 3.1.2 Vegetation Inventory ...... 6 3.1.3 Species-Specific Inventory Methodologies ...... 6 3.1.4 Avifauna ...... 7 3.1.5 Reptiles and Amphibians ...... 7 3.1.6 Mammals ...... 7 3.1.7 Arthropods ...... 7 3.1.8 Rare Plants ...... 7 3.1.9 Incidental Observations ...... 7 3.2 Vegetation ...... 8 3.3 General Wildlife ...... 10 3.3.1 Mammals ...... 10 3.3.2 Avifauna ...... 10 3.4 Sensitive Ecosystems and Species at Risk ...... 11 3.4.1 Sensitive Ecosystems ...... 11 3.4.2 Detected Species at Risk ...... 14 4 Proposed Development ...... 15 5 Recommendations and Mitigation Strategies ...... 15 6 References ...... 16 7 Reviewed Literature ...... 17
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List of Tables
Table 1: BC CDC query results for species at risk with potential to occur within the Subject Property habitat...... 4 Table 2: Active (grey) periods and optimal (black) survey...... 5 Table 3: Survey methodologies and protocols...... 6 Table 4: Vegetation species occurring within the Subject Property identified during field inventories and percent representation within vegetation plots...... 8 Table 5. Avifauna identified during field surveys...... 10 List of Figures
Figure 1. Location of the Subject Property ...... 2 Figure 2. Provincial spatial data showing the distribution of antelope-brush / needle-and-thread grass ecological community...... 12 Figure 3. SEI polygons for the Subject Property...... 13 Figure 4. Distribution of species at risk observations by Sarrell et al. (2008)...... 14
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1 Project Overview
EBB Environmental Consulting Inc. (EBB) was retained by the Town of Osoyoos (Osoyoos, the Town) to conduct an environmental assessment (EA) for the proposed development at the Osoyoos Airport (Subject Property) to assess ecological considerations of the proposed development, including ecological communities and species at risk, and to provide recommendations and mitigation strategies.
Property Profile
Civic Address 10400 Highway 3
Legal Description Lot 1013, Plan KAP39476, District Lot 2450S, Land District Similkameen Div of Yale, Except Plan KAP88567
Property Size 12.95 hectares (32 acres)
Current Zoning ALR with Crown grant for Commercial Airport (CA)
Proposed Zoning General Industrial (M1)
OCP Land Use Designation Industrial (ID)
OCP ESA Designation ESA 2
Agricultural Land Reserve Yes
Access Empire Street at Highway 3
1.1 Site Context
1.1.1 Location
The Subject Property is owned by the Province of British Columbia and under grant tenure to the Town of Osoyoos for commercial airport purposes. The site is located immediately east of Highway 3 (11U 317961E 5434583N, Figure 1). Seven parcels have previously been developed at this site.
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Figure 1. Location of the Subject Property
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1.1.2 Ecosystems and Climate
Provincially, two biophysical classification systems are used to describe BC landscapes: the BC Ecoregion Classification System and the Biogeoclimatic Zone (BEC) Classification System. Based on the BC Ecoregion Classification System, the Subject Property is situated within the southern Okanagan Basin ecosection, of the Okanagan highland ecoregion, of the southern interior ecoprovince, of the semi-arid steppe highlands ecodivision, of the dry ecodomain. Based on the BEC classification system, the Subject Property is located within the bunchgrass very dry, hot, Okanagan variant (BGxh1). The BGxh1 zone is characterized by warm to hot, dry summers, and moderately cold winters with little snowfall. Annually, the zone receives 242 to 336mm of precipitation and 56 to 78mm of snowfall (Lloyd et al. 1990).
1.1.3 Current Land Uses, Zoning, and Encumbrances
The Subject Property is currently within the BC Agricultural Land Reserve but under a crown grant for commercial airport (CA) activities, with the Official Community Plan (OCP) designating the site as industrial. The OCP also designated the Subject Property as an environmentally sensitive area level 2 (ESA2), which considers the site to have considerable ecological values, but often complex and has some less valuable areas. The OCP also identifies the Subject Property as an Airport Industrial Growth Area, with the desire of converting the existing lands into a light industrial park.
Currently, the Subject Property is considered a Transport Canada registered public aerodrome (TC LID CBB9), though the facility is infrequently used. More common uses of the Subject Property include drag racing by the Wine Country Racing Association, from May to October. Other infrequent uses include operation of radio controlled model aircraft and cars and dog walking.
2 Background Information Review
2.1 Reports and Literature
Historical reports and assessments were reviewed for relevant information on the Subject Property and included:
Environmental Assessment of Proposed Industrial Rezoning at the Osoyoos Airport (Ophiuchus Consulting, 20081). Sensitive Ecosystems Inventory Okanagan Valley: Vernon to Osoyoos, 2000 to 2007. (Iverson et al. 20082).
1 Sarrell, M., A. Haney, A. Reid, and T. McIntosh. 2008. Environmental Assessment of proposed Industrial Rezoning at the Osoyoos Airport. Unpublished Report by Ophiuchus Consulting for the Town of Osoyoos. 21 pp.
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2.2 Digital Databases
Digital databases were queried for species with potential to occur within the Subject Property. Databases included the British Columbia Conversation Data Centre (BC CDC), British Columbia Breeding Bird Atlas (BCBBA), and the British Columbia Ecological Reports Catalogue (EcoCat). Queries searched for all related information to the Subject Property and the surrounding landscape. BC CDC results specifically provided listings of at risk species listed under the provincial Wildlife Act and the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). Queries of the BC CDC were restricted to red, blue, and legally designated plant and animal species occurring within the Regional District of Okanagan-Similkameen, within the Bunchgrass (BG) biogeoclimatic (BEC) zone, and within the antelope-brush steppe sub-habitat. BC CDC queries resulted in the identification of twenty-one (21) species with broad potential to occur within the Subject Property (Table 1).
Table 1. BC CDC query results for species at risk with potential to occur within the Subject Property habitat. Common Name Scientific Name BC COSEWIC SARA
Antrozous pallidus Pallid Bat Red T 1-T
Apodemia mormo Mormon Metalmark Red E 1-E
Coluber constrictor North American Racer Blue SC 1-SC
Crotalus oreganus Western Rattlesnake Blue T 1-T
Danaus plexippus Monarch Blue SC 1-SC
Euderma maculatum Spotted Bat Blue SC 1-SC
Falco peregrinus anatum Peregrine Falcon, anatum subspecies Red SC 1-SC
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Blue T -
Hypsiglena chlorophaea Desert Nightsnake Red E 1-E
Melanerpes lewis Lewis's Woodpecker Red T 1-T
Oreoscoptes montanus Sage Thrasher Red E 1-E
Orthocarpus barbatus Grand Coulee owl-clover Red E 1-E
Phlox speciosa ssp. occidentalis showy phlox Red T 1-T
Pituophis catenifer deserticola Gopher Snake, deserticola subspecies Blue T 1-T
2 Iverson, K., D. Curran, T. Fleming, and A. Haney. 2008. Sensitive Ecosystems Inventory Okanagan Valley: Vernon to Osoyoos 2000 – 2007. Methods, Ecological Descriptions, Results and Conservation Tools. Technical Report Series No. 495. Canadian Wildlife Service, Pacific and Yukon Region, British Columbia.
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Common Name Scientific Name BC COSEWIC SARA
Plestiodon skiltonianus Western Skink Blue SC 1-SC
Reithrodontomys megalotis Western Harvest Mouse Blue SC 1-SC
Satyrium semiluna Half-moon Hairstreak Red E 1-E
Spea intermontana Great Basin Spadefoot Blue T 1-T
Sylvilagus nuttallii Nuttall's Cottontail Blue SC 1-SC
Taxidea taxus American Badger Red E 1-E
Tyto alba Barn Owl Blue T 1-SC
2.3 Spatial Data
Provincial spatial data (DataBC) were reviewed. Data queries included, but were not limited to:
Biogeoclimatic zone and site series Incidental observations of mammals and birds Sensitive Ecosystem Inventory (SEI) polygons Masked and Unmasked Sensitive Species
3 Field Inventory
To assess Subject Property for the presence of species at risk, the following methodology was implemented.
3.1 Inventory Methodology
3.1.1 Schedule
Schedule of survey dates is displayed in Table 2 with optimal inventory periods in black, and surveys indicated by survey number on the line below. Optimal inventory periods are based upon species biology and appropriate RISC standards for inventory methods and species.
3.1.1.1 Optimal Survey Periods
Table 2. Active (grey) periods and optimal (black) survey. Species Optimal Survey Period
May
Aug Sep Nov Dec
Feb Mar
Jan Jun
Apr Oct
Jul
Marshbirds, Shorebirds, and Waterfowl Nighthawks and Poorwills Forest and Grassland Songbirds
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Species Optimal Survey Period
May
Aug Sep Nov Dec
Feb Mar
Jan Jun
Apr Oct
Jul
Swallows and Swifts Upland Gamebirds Woodpeckers Diurnal Raptors: Eagles, Hawks, Falcons Nocturnal Raptors: Owls Amphibians Reptiles Bats Small Mammals: Shrews, Voles, Mice Medium Mammals Large Mammals Hares and Cottontails Molluscs Butterflies Dragonflies Vascular Plants
3.1.2 Vegetation Inventory
To identify the suitability of the Subject Property to support potential species at risk, a reconnaissance level assessment of the habitat was conducted. Vegetation plots were established every 100m within the proposed project footprint. Each plot was surveyed utilizing nested survey plots for shrubs and herbs/grasses. In addition, overall habitat was assessed for the probability of potential species occurring, documented, and described critical habitat features.
3.1.3 Species-Specific Inventory Methodologies
All inventory methods are guided by Provincial standards and / or provincially accepted methodologies.
Table 3. Survey methodologies and protocols.
Group RISC Inventory Methods Source
Amphibians Pond-breeding Amphibians and Painted Turtle RISC 1998a Reptiles Snakes RISC 1998b Upland Gamebirds RISC 1997 Forest and Grassland Songbirds RISC 1999a Birds Owl Surveys RISC 2006a Raptors RISC 2001 Waterfowl and Allied Birds RISC 1999b Small Mammals: Shrews, Voles, Mice and Rats RISC 1998c Mammals Hares and Cottontails RISC 1998d
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Group RISC Inventory Methods Source Bats RISC 1998e Medium and Large-Sized Carnivores RISC 1999c Ungulates RISC 2006b Invertebrates No RISC Standards
3.1.4 Avifauna
Breeding bird inventories consisted point count surveys throughout the property to identify any breeding birds utilizing the habitat. Surveys were conducted in the morning, between 07:00 and 11:00. Species observed outside of formal point count surveys were documented as incidental sightings.
3.1.5 Reptiles and Amphibians
Surveys for amphibians and reptiles consisted of systematic wandering transects. A visual search was completed by walking slowing in the survey area and scanning for individuals. Habitat features such as overhanging vegetation and coarse woody debris were actively searched by moving vegetation and debris.
3.1.6 Mammals
Surveys for mammals were based on wandering transects in order to document encounters and signs of utilization (tracks, scat, foraging). All incidental observations of mammals utilizing the Subject Property habitat were documented; habitat characteristics were recorded for each of the observations to describe habitat usage within the property.
3.1.7 Arthropods
Surveys for arthropods, with particular emphasis on Behr’s Hairstreak (Satyrium behrii), consisted of wandering transect surveys in all identified suitable habitat. Wandering transect surveys weave along a general transect line to target suitable microhabitats. Surveys were completed in the daytime, between 09:00 and 17:00, with suitable weather, warm (>13°C when sunny or >17°C when overcast), dry, and with low wind speed (Beaufort scale < 5). A Kestrel™ 2000 Wind Meter was utilized to verify weather variables.
3.1.8 Rare Plants
As rare plants usually have sporadic distribution, inventory was focused on covering all suitable habitats, rather than a sampled subset. Surveys consisted of visual searches of target habitat.
3.1.9 Incidental Observations
Observations of migrant and resident avifauna were recorded during all field inventories to build a list of species utilizing habitat within the Subject Property.
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3.2 Vegetation
Eight (8) vegetation plots were established throughout the Subject Property to document plant species within the site, and to identify any at risk plant species that may occur within the property. Table 4 list all reported (R) and detected (D) plant species for the Subject Property.
Table 4. Vegetation species occurring within the Subject Property identified during field inventories and percent representation within vegetation plots.
Species Details
Scientific Name Common Name Type Exotic Source Achillea millefolium Yarrow Herb N D Achnatherum thuruberianum Thurber’s needle grass Grass N R Agropyron cristatum Crested wheatgrass Grass Y D Amelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon Shrub N D Arabis holboellii Holboell’s rockcress Herb N R Aristida purpurea var. longiseta Red three-awn Grass N D Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon Herb N R Artemisia ludoviciana Western mugwort Herb N R Artemisia tridentata Big sagebrush Shrub N D Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed Herb N D Astragalus purshii Woollypod milk-vetch Herb N D Brachythecium albicans Moss N R Bromus ssp. Brome grasses Grass N R Bromus tectorum Cheatgrass Grass Y D Bryum sp. Moss N R Centaurea diffusa Diffuse knapweed Herb Y R Ceratodon purpureus Moss N R Chaenactis douglasii var. douglasii Hoary false yarrow Herb N R Cirsium undulatum Wavy-leaved thistle Herb N R Cladonia ssp. Scale lichens Lichen N R Clematis ligusticifolia White clematis Shrub N R Comandra umbellate var. pallida Pale comandra Herb N R Cynoglossum officinale Common houndstounge Herb N R Didymodon brachyphyllus Moss N R Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Shrub Y R Encalypta rhaptocarpa Moss N R Ericameria nauseosa Rabbit-brush Shrub N D Erigeron divergens Spreading fleabane Herb N R Eriogonum heracleoides Parsnip-flowering buckwheat Herb N R Eriogonum niveum Snow buckwheat Herb N R Erodium cicutarium Redstem stork’s bill Herb Y R Hesperostipa comata Needle-and-thread Grass N D Heuchera cylindrica Round-leaved alumroot Herb N R
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Species Details
Scientific Name Common Name Type Exotic Source Lepidium perfoliatum Clasping-leaved pepper-grass Grass Y R Linanthus pungens Prickly phlox Shrub N R Lewisia rediviva Bitterroot Herb N R Leymus condensatus Giant wild rye Grass N R Linaria dalmatica Dalmation toadflax Herb Y D Lithospermum ruderale Lemonweed Herb N R Lomatium geyeri Geyer’s desert parsley Herb N R Lomatium macrocarpum Large-fruited desert parsley Herb N R Machaeranthera canescens Hoary aster Herb N R Mahonia aquifolium Tall Oregon-grape Shrub N R Medicago lupulina Black medic Herb Y R Medicago sativa Alfalfa Herb Y R Melilotus sp. Sweet clover Herb Y R Opuntia fragilis Prickly pear cactus Herb N D Peltigera rufescens Lichen N R Phacelia hastata Silverleaf phacelia Herb N R Phacelia linearis Three-leafed phacelia Herb N R Phlox longifolia Long-leafed phlox Herb N R Plantago major Common plantain Herb N R Plantago patagonica Indian-wheat Herb N R Poa bulbosa Bulbous bluegrass Grass N R Poa sandbergii Sandberg’s bluegrass Grass N R Polemonium micrantthum Littlebells polemonium Herb N R Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood Tree Y R Prunus virginiana Choke cherry Tree N R Pseudoroegneria spicata Bluebunch wheatgrass Grass N R Purshia tridentata Antelope-brush Shrub N D Rhus glabra Sumac Shrub N R Ribes cereum var. cereum Squaw current Shrub N R Rosa woodsii ssp. ultramontana Prairie rose Shrub N D Salsola tragus Russian thistle Herb Y R Selaginella wallacei Wallace’s selaginella Fern N R Sisymbrium altissimum Tall tumblemustard Herb Y R Sporobolus cryptandrus Sand dropseed Grass N R Syntrichia ruralis Rusty steppe moss Moss N R Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Herb Y R Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy Shrub N R Toxicodendron venenosum Death camus Herb N R Tragopogon dubius Yellow salsify Herb Y D Ulmus pumila Siberian elm Tree Y R
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Species Details
Scientific Name Common Name Type Exotic Source Verbascum thapsus Mullein Herb Y R Vulpia octoflora Six-weeks fescue Grass N R
3.3 General Wildlife
3.3.1 Mammals
Two (2) species of mammals were confirmed within the Subject Property, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and coyote (Canis latrans), which are consistent with those identified within previous reports.
3.3.2 Avifauna
Point counts and encounters resulted in the identification of thirteen (13) species of birds travelling through or utilizing the habitat for foraging or breeding (Error! Reference source not found.). One (1) species at risk was identified flying over the site, barn swallow (Hirundo rustica; blue-listed, threatened).
Table 5. Avifauna identified during field surveys. Species Name Status
Scientific Name Common Name BC COSEWIC SARA
Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Y - -
Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing Y - -
Callipepla californica California Quail Exotic - -
Chaetura vauxi Vaux’s Swift Y - -
Charadrius vociferus Killdeer Y - -
Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker Y - -
Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow Y - -
Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer’s Blackbird Y - -
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow B T -
Phasianus colchicus Ring-necked Pheasant Exotic - -
Sturnella neglecta Mourning Dove Y - -
Sturnella neglecta Western Meadowlark Y - -
Tachycineta thalassina Violet-green Swallow Y - -
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3.4 Sensitive Ecosystems and Species at Risk
3.4.1 Sensitive Ecosystems
Based on sensitive ecosystem inventory (SEI) spatial data, two (2) classified ecosystems occur within the proposed Subject Property. These include antelope-brush steppe: disturbed (AS:ds), and grasslands and disturbed grasslands, dominated by invasive alien plants (GR:dg). The antelope-brush steppe (AS) SEI classification is considered a sensitive ecosystem that supports a high diversity of species (Iverson et. al. 2008), including many grassland and shrub-steppe species. The antelope-brush steppe ecosystem also supports a high proportion of rare invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Much of the Subject Property falls within the AS:ds class code, which is describe as being in poor condition relative to the undisturbed antelope- brush steppe (AS:as) class code.
The provincial spatial data identifies the habitat along the eastern boundary of the Subject Property as a listed ecological community, specifically the antelope-brush / needle-and-thread grass ecological community, which is red-listed provincially.
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Figure 2. Provincial spatial data showing the distribution of antelope-brush / needle-and-thread grass ecological community.
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Figure 3. SEI polygons for the Subject Property.
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3.4.2 Detected Species at Risk
Surveys within the Subject Property resulted in the identification of a single species at risk, barn swallow. While only one species at risk was identified during this survey, the occurrence of other at risk species within the Subject Property are probable. Previous environmental assessments by Sarrell et al. (2008) did document several at risk species occurring within the Subject Property.
Figure 4. Distribution of species at risk observations by Sarrell et al. (2008).
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4 Proposed Development
Osoyoos is proposing to sub-divide the property into twenty-seven (27) lots for the purposes of a light industrial park. The proposed development is consistent with the Town’s Growth Strategy, and has been identified as the only suitable location for accommodating substantial industrial expansion (Osoyoos 2014). As indicated in the Town’s Growth Strategy, the desire for the property is to convert the airstrip to a modern light industrial park developed to contemporary green standards.
5 Recommendations and Mitigation Strategies
Based on the observations made during this assessment, development of the site would result in limited impacts to the Subject Property. Implementing the following mitigation strategies will assist in limiting the impacts of the proposed development while providing enhancement opportunities for the conservation area to the east of the Subject Property.
1. Maintain the Strawberry Creek gully in its present condition as a migration corridor. This corridor should cover 30m both left and right of the centreline. A 4-foot (minimum) chain link demarcation fence should be installed within the property to discourage access. Aggressively control invasive plants.
2. Enhance the existing antelope-brush within the Strawberry Creek corridor and within the conservation area to the east of the property by seeding both yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and buckwheat (Eriogonum sp.). The inclusion of these species will provide nectaring opportunities for Behr’s hairstreak (Satyrium behrii, Red Listed, Endangered), which has been previously documented within the Subject Property.
3. Engage a qualified botanist to identify and translocate instances of Thurber’s needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum) from impacted areas to within the Strawberry Creek Migration Corridor to protect the species. All translocations are to be done in accordance to the Provincial Guidelines for Translocation of Plant Species at Risk in British Columbia (Maslovat 2009).
4. Retain the services of a qualified environmental professional (QEP) to monitor the initial clearing and stripping, and construction of services within the Subject Property. Preliminary construction is to occur during the period of least risk and minimal activity, between November and February.
5. Install directional LED or shrouded street lamps to minimize the impact of the lights on foraging bats. Ensure that all flood lamps for industrial users are shrouded.
6. Implement xeriscaping with native plants (OCP § 11.5.3 (j)(k)) to reduce irrigation needs and enhance wildlife use opportunities.
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7. Ensure that tenants implement appropriate environmental protection practices, including xeriscaping during landscaping of individual parcels.
6 References
B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection (BC MWLAP). 2004a. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) in Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife – Accounts V. 2004. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C. Available: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/iwms/accounts.html (accessed 11-Jun- 13).
BC MWLAP. 2004b. Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias herodias) in Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife – Accounts V. 2004. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C. Available: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/iwms/accounts.html (accessed 11-Jun-13).
BC MWLAP. 2004c. Racer (Coluber constictor mormon) in Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife – Accounts V. 2004. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C. Available: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/iwms/accounts.html (accessed 11-Jun-13).
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2012. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Behr’s Hairstreak, Satyrium behrii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. x + 48 pp.
COSEWIC. 2011. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. ix + 37 pp.
COSEWIC. 2010. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Lewis's Woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. x + 23 pp.
COSEWIC 2004. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Eastern and Western Yellow- bellied Racers, Coluber constrictor flaviventris and Coluber constrictor mormon in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 35 pp.
Dechant, J. A., M. L. Sondreal, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, B. D. Parkin, and B. R. Euliss. 2002. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Lark Sparrow. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND. 18 pages.
Iverson, K., D. Curran, T. Flemming, A. Haney. 2008. Sensitive Ecosystems Inventory Okanagan Valley: Vernon to Osoyoos, 2000 – 2007. Methods, Ecological Descriptions,
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Results, and Conservation Tools. Technical Report Series No. 495. Canadian Wildlife Service, Pacific and Yukon Region, British Columbia.
Lloyd, D., K. Angove, G. Hope, and C. Thompson. 1990. A guide to site identification and interpretation for the Kamloops Forest Region. B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. Land Management Handbook No. 23.
7 Reviewed Literature
BC MWLAP. 2004. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thyanodes) in Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife – Accounts V. 2004. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C. Available: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/iwms/accounts.html (accessed 11-Jun-13).
BC MWLAP. 2004. “Sagebrush” Brewer’s Sparrow (Spizella breweri breweri) in Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife – Accounts V. 2004. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, B.C. Available: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/iwms/accounts.html (accessed 11-Jun-13).
Cooper, J.M., and S.M. Beauchesne. 2004. Status of the Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus) in British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Biodiversity Branch, Victoria BC. Wildlife. Bulletin No. B-116. 30 pp.
COSEWIC 2010. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Barn Owl, Tyto alba (Eastern population and Western population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xiv + 34 pp.
COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Half-moon Hairstreak Satyrium semiluna in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 26 pp.
COSEWIC 2002. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the western skink, Eumeces skiltonianus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 19 pp.
COSEWIC 2001. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the night snake Hypsiglena torquata in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 25 pp.
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