HERITAGE ANALYSIS REPORT

CARLAW AND DUNDAS DISTRICT LANDSCAPE AND PUBLIC REALM IMPROVEMENTS CITY OF TORONTO ONTARIO

March 2016

Prepared for: City of Toronto

Prepared by:

HERITAGE ANALYSIS REPORT

CARLAW AND DUNDAS DISTRICT LANDSCAPE AND PUBLIC REALM IMPROVEMENTS CITY OF TORONTO ONTARIO

March 2016

Prepared for: City of Toronto

Prepared by: Unterman McPhail Associates Heritage Resource Management Consultants 540 Runnymede Road Toronto, ON M6S 2Z7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Purpose of Report 1

2.0 LOCATION 2

3.0 THEMATIC HISTORY 3 3.1 Industrial Development 3.1.1 Leslieville – Pre Industrialization 3 3.1.2 Carlaw-Dundas Industrialization: 1906-1914 5 3.1.3 The First and Second World Wars and Industrialization in the District 7 3.2 Transportation 9 3.2.1 Railway 9 3.2.2 Streetcar Extension 11 3.3 Residential Development 11

4.0 SUMMARY SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT 12 4.1 Women’s Contribution to the Workforce 12 4.2 James “Jimmie ” Simpson 12

5.0 HISTORICAL MAPS OF THE DISTRICT: 1850-1959 16

6.0 SUMMARY OF DISTRICT THEMES 25 6.1 Industrial History 25 6.2 Residential Development 27

7.0 POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERPRETATION 28

SOURCES

APPENDIX A: Carlaw & Dundas Landscape and Public Realm Heritage Resources Plan APPENDIX B: List of Streets named after Distinguished Persons APPENDIX C: List of Manufacturers APPENDIX D: Company Information APPENDIX E: Architectural Description & Photographs of Principal District Buildings APPENDIX F: Historical Photographs of the District APPENDIX G: Aerial Photographs 1947 - 2014

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Map showing the boundaries of the Carlaw-Dundas District [Schollen 2015]. 2 Figure 2. Wrigley Co. Factory, 1917 [City of Toronto Archives, Series 372, s0372, ss0001, ito246a]. 6 Figure 3. A view showing the existing rail siding on Dickens Avenue looking north. 8 Figure 4. Industrial chimney at 388 to 400 Carlaw Avenue. 8 Figure 5 Female workers at General Electric (Can.) c.1943. F 2082-1-2-6 9 Archives of Ontario, I0004899 Figure 6. View of Gerrard and Carlaw with the streetcar tracks curving north as part of the lost Harbord Line that once ran down Pape Avenue to Danforth Avenue, west on Riverdale Avenue, south on Carlaw Avenue, west on Gerrard Street to Broadview. This route was closed in 1966 when the Bloor-Danforth subway line was opened. [City of Toronto Archives, Series 71, s0071, it8093]. 11 Figure 7 Jimmy Simpson, Toronto’s 44th Mayor. en.wikipedia.org 15 Figure 8 Map of the Township of York in the County of York, 1851. 16 Figure 9. Tremaine Map, York, 1860 17 Figure 10. Map of the City of Toronto, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York, 1878. 18 Figure 11. Goad’s Atlas, Toronto 1884. 19 Figure 12. Toronto Railway Company's Map Showing Street Railway Lines, 1892. 20 Figure 13. Goad’s Atlas, Toronto 1899. 21 Figure 14. Goad’s Atlas, Toronto 1910. 22 Figure 15. Goad’s Atlas Toronto 1923. 23 Figure 16. Plan showing Boston Aveenue, westward to the CN Rail Corrider [City of Toronto Planning Board Atlas, c1959 24 Figure 17. Plan showing Pape Avenue westward to Pape Avenue [City of Toronto Planning Board Atlas, c1959]. 25 Figure 18. Remnant of railway marked “Dominion Wheel Foundries Ltd, 26 Toronto” found on Boston Avenue. Figure 19. Remnant railway spur line. 26 Figure 20. Carlaw Avenue Rail Underpass at Gerrard Street built in 1931. 26 Figure 21. Railway crossing signage. 26 Figure 22. A row of 1 ½ storey, semi-detached workers housing. 27 Figure 23. Brick, 2 ½ storey, semi-deatched houses at 176 and 178 PApe Avenue in the Toronto Bay & Gable style of the 1880s. 27

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Report

Schollen & Company retained Unterman McPhail Associates Heritage Resource Management Consultants to participate in the completion of the Carlaw and Dundas District Public realm Improvements for the City of Toronto. In our role as the Cultural Heritage Consultant we are asked to complete a heritage study of the district to help inform a suite of public realm improvement projects that celebrate and highlight the area’s rich industrial heritage. The work comprised the review of existing cultural heritage studies and local histories, city directories, historical mapping including the late 19th century and 20th century Goad’s Atlas fire insurance plans, aerial photography, a discussion with local historian Joanne Doucette and a pedestrian survey of the extant buildings, and remnant railway infrastructure complemented with photography and a brief architectural description.

The research incudes the following information; o a brief thematic historical overview; o a summary description some social history aspects of the area; o a summary description of the transit history of the area; o historical mapping of the study area; o identification of existing industrial properties; o identification of City listed or designated properties under the OHA; o a list of historical manufactures and the dates of operation; o a list of historical manufacturing types and associated business; o an architectural description of the existing industrial buildings; and o summary of potential interpretation opportunities in the study area.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the following for their assistance: Schollen and Co. (Markus Hillar), Joanne Doucette, Mark Laird, Councillor Paula Fletcher, City staff: Kelly Jones, Community Planning, City Planning; Sheila Boudreau, Urban Design, City Planning; Beatrice Saraga Taylor, Parks Development and Capital Projects, Parks, Forestry and Recreation.

Also thank you to Marta O’Brien, Architectural Historian, who compiled the historical information contained in the Appendices A and B.

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2.0 LOCATION

The district outlined in this report is situated in Leslieville in the City of Toronto. The district is delineated by Gerrard Street East on the north, Queen Street East to the south, the CNR rail tracks on the west and Pape Avenue to the east.

Figure 1. Map showing the boundaries of the Carlaw-Dundas District [Schollen 2015].

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3.0 THEMATIC HISTORY

3.1 Industrial Development

3.1.1 Leslieville - Pre Industrialization

It was the First Nations, like the Kichigos of the Mississauga Nation, who were present when Euro-Canadian settlers came to the Leslieville area. First Nations have inhabited Leslieville for ten millennia or more. Different cultures with different languages hunted in the woods, fished in Ashbridge’s Bay and camped beside the little creeks. They introduced the settlers to the area. For more information on First Nations settlement in Toronto please see: (http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=ae5752cc66061410VgnVCM 10000071d60f89RCRD)

From the mid to the end of the 19th century, the district, recognized as part of Leslieville, was known for three major industries: brickmaking, market gardens and livestock.1

The Brickenden Brothers, butchers and carriage makers, built handsome terraces of homes along Logan Avenue and Booth Avenue just north of Queen Street East in the latter 19th century.2

This study focuses on the unique industrial character of the existing buildings and the associated remnant rail infrastructure and how the settlement community has evolved.

Market Gardening

The 1850s to the 1870s were the height of the market gardening industry in the Leslieville area. As the population grew with immigrants arriving from Britain, the demand for farm products increased significantly. Kingston Road allowed produce to be easily transported to market and the arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1854 provided access to wider markets for the local farmers and market gardeners. As the demand for market garden produce grew, new technology was adopted to expand yields, and the industry became established in the area.

The market gardeners in the Leslieville area were small-scale producers of vegetables, fruit, flowers, bedding plants, exotic plants and shrubs and trees. For the most part, they sold their produce directly to an established customer base. Some sold to stores and at the St. Lawrence Market.3 A number were African Americans who had arrived in Toronto using the Underground Railroad network also operated market gardens in the area.4

1 Joanne Doucette, Pigs, flowers and brick: a history of Leslieville to 1920 (Toronto: 2011) 119. 2 Ibid., 152; and, Conversation with Joanne Doucette, November 2015. 3 Ibid., 75. 4 Conversation with Joanne Doucette, November 2015.

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Two prominent streets within the Carlaw and Dundas district, Pape Avenue and Logan Avenue, were named after local market gardeners. Joseph Pape (1815-1889) was one of Canada’s first florists and John Logan (1828-1905) owned a prominent market garden business.5 To the east of the district, George Leslie established the Toronto Nurseries in 1845. By the 1870s, Toronto Nurseries was advertised as the largest business of its kind in Canada. Leslie and his family operated a store that contained the Leslie Post Office and gave their name to the nearby community of Leslieville.6 Later, Lesliegrove Park, a small public park located on Queen Street East at Jones Avenue, was opened by as a public park in the early 1900s named after George Leslie.7 Another market gardener in the district was Patrick Fogarty who became a master gardener and florist with a business on Pape Avenue from 1866 to 1904. He married Mary Ann Pape, daughter of Joseph Pape.8 Other local market gardeners included Ambrose and Nathaniel Rudd and James Squires on Logan Avenue.9

The market gardens that had characterized Leslieville in the late 19th century began to disappear in the first part of the 1900s due to the expansion of the City of Toronto eastward. By the end of the First World War, property developers had subdivided most of the former market garden sites for housing.

Brickmaking

In order to make bricks, manufacturers needed the right raw materials, brick clay, sand and water, and cheap labour. The land east of the Don River contained a thick layer of fine clay that lay below the topsoil. The clay deposits found in the Leslieville area, which produced a rich red brick, were perfect for brickmaking because they were largely free from organic matter.10 The early brickyards started as family businesses that usually employed less then a dozen labourers. Cheap labour, often Irish Catholics immigrants or family members including women and children contributed to the profitability of the family operated brickyards.11 Access to good roads and the arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1854 provided access to wider markets that demanded bricks as a preferred building material. By the 1870s and 1880s, the area brickyards had advanced beyond family affairs and some were mechanized through the use of horse power.12

By the 1890s, over half of the area comprising Leslieville was used for brickmaking, or had been a brickyard. Brickmaking was the largest area employer.13 During this period, brick manufacturers started to build new and more industrialized kilns. This new

5 Ibid. 6 Ibid., 75 and 77. 7 Ibid., 239.; and, a Heritage Toronto commemorative plaque to George Leslie is currently located in Leslie Grove Park. 8 Ibid., 77. 9 Ibid. 10 Ibid., 119. 11 Ibid. 12 Ibid., 128. 13 Ibid., 135.

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technology allowed them to produce several million bricks a year.14 By the end of the 19th century, and into the 20th century, brick was a very desirable building material. The Leslieville brickyards supplied the brick needed to build many commercial and residential buildings in Toronto and area.

As technology in brickmaking improved workers faced more dangerous working conditions. In 1884, the Ontario government had introduced the Factory Act, modeled after the British Factory Act. It introduced prohibitions on the children and female labour and suggested restriction on the work hours for all employees. In reality, the Act of 1884 did little to provide protection to workers and employers favoured it since it did not clearly intend to limit production, yet made production seem safer.15 The Canadian National Clay Products Association fought the introduction of a mandatory 8-hour day and tried to keep wages low in the industry.16 A number of strikes occurred in the Leslieville brickyards in the 1890s and early 1900s due to poor employment practices and the rise of labour unions.17

The brickyards that had characterized much of the Leslieville area in the late 19th century began to disappear in the first part of the 20th century as the City of Toronto expanded eastward. Joseph Russell, one of the first brickmakers in the area, opened his yard in 1857 on Kingston Road. His son John Russell became one of the first brickmakers in Leslieville to introduce new continuously feeding kiln that was able to burn year round.18 By 1910, the Joseph Russell brickyard, located at 1012 Queen Street East near the southeast corner of the district stretched from Hastings Avenue to Greenwood Avenue, from Gerrard Street to the current Dundas Street, had become one of the largest brickyards in Canada.19 In addition to being a successful brick manufacturer, Joseph Russell went on to become a successful developer and politician.

As hydroelectric and water and sewage services were extended to the area in the early 1900s, the former brickyards were redeveloped for new industrial and associated uses and associated works’ housing. By the 1920s, due to an increased demand for bricks and the mechanization of the production process the Leslieville area brickfields were depleted and the claybeds were covered by redeveloped land.20 During the Depression of the 1930s, there was little demand for bricks for building projects.

3.1.2 Carlaw-Dundas Industrialization: 1906-1914

Two principal factors spurred the growth of Toronto’s east end in the beginning of the 20th century: the expansion of the Queen Street Streetcar service by the Toronto Railway

14 Ibid., 133. 15 Windsor Occupational Health Information Service, The History of the Occupation Health and Safety Act. Access:-- (November 2015). 16 Ibid., 134-135. 17 Ibid., 135. 18 Ibid., 124. 19 Ibid., 136. 20 Ibid., 139.

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Company, which was the predecessor of the Toronto Transit Commission; and the development of industries that employed local residents. This, in turn, stimulated the development of residential subdivisions containing workers’ housing. In 1909, a legal case involving non-payment of taxes resulted in John Russell, a city alderman and the son of brickmaker Joseph Russell, forfeiting the family brickmaking property to the City thus opening up a large area in the district for industrial development.21

The factories established in the Carlaw-Dundas area manufactured a diversified range of products from food, beverage, toiletries, clothing, housewares, appliances, pianos and toys to a wide variety of heavy metals, rubber, paint, etc. The land around the factories was developed with predominantly low-income residential housing for industrial workers. The proximity of the local housing to the factories created environmental concerns in the Leslieville area as pollution from the factories began to contaminate the soil and water in the area.22

For some time, infrastructure and services did not keep up with the growth in the area. However, due to the increasing public health concerns, the City of Toronto completed the Ashbridges Bay Water Treatment Plant at 9 Leslie Street in 1912 to address environmental issues. As commercial growth increased, public transit was built in the area and this led to residential growth. Several new public and separate schools, including Riverdale Colligate Institute and Bruce Junior School, opened in response to the overcrowding in the local schools.23 Other municipal initiatives included a new police station built at 126 Pape Avenue in 1909 (Appendix E).24 It is now an Emergency Services Station. In 1916, the Toronto Hydroelectric System built a new building at 369 Carlaw Avenue (Appendix E) to supply hydroelectric power to the area industry. An addition was built to the south in 1924. A “Hydro Store”, which promoted appliances such as electric refrigerators and stoves, operated from the building in the 1920s.

Figure 2. Wrigley Co. Factory, 1917 [TA, Series 372, s0372, ss0001, ito246a].

21 Conversation with Joanne Doucette, November 2015. 22 Jessica Napier, Leslieville: A Neighbourhood in Transition, A Community Divided Understanding the Changing Politics of Space in a Toronto Neighbourhood (Major Research Paper, Joint Graduate Program in Communication & Culture, Ryerson University-York University, Toronto, Ontario, May 6, 2009) 14. 23 Ibid.17. 24 Doucette, 239.

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Wrigley Gum had built its first factory at 245 Carlaw Avenue in 1907 (Figure 2 and Appendix E).25 As well as number of heavy industries were established in the district by 1912. The more notable companies included, Dunlop Tire Company, Kent McClain Ltd. (Appendix E) and Phillips Manufacturing Company Ltd. Phillips Manufacturing, originally the Cobban Manufacturing Company, acquired the property at 258 Carlaw Avenue (Appendix E) in 1907. It principally produced picture frames.

3.1.3 The First and Second World Wars and Industrialization in the District

The First World War acted as a catalyst for further industrialization of the Leslieville area. Manufacturing and industrialization accelerated as factories tried to keep up with the demands of warfare. Leslieville became the site for munitions production and other industries that were far bigger in scale than the earlier family brickmaking and market gardening businesses.26 The demand for military production in the Leslieville factories lowered unemployment in the City.27

Woods Manufacturing, with its large plant at 401 Logan Avenue (Appendix E) was one of the most notable factories in the district during the First World War. James William Woods was a businessman from Ottawa of Anglo-Irish descent.28 In 1895, Woods was making and supplying clothing, camping outfits, tools and other products for lumber camps. In the early 1900s, it supplied the British Government with canvas tents for the troops serving in the Boer War. The company is most recognizable for supplying equipment to the British and Canadian armies during the First World War. The Woods tent factory became the largest of its kind in world at this time.29

Existing industries in the Leslieville area expanded and new industries were established in response to the First World War economy. In 1916, the Wrigley Gum built its second factory at 235 Carlaw beside the original factory. Two years later, in 1918, Wrigley Canada built a private fire hall at 80 Boston Avenue to service its factory (Appendix E). In order to keep up with the power supply demanded by these factories, the Toronto Hydroelectric System built a new building at 369 Carlaw Avenue in 1916 (Appendix E), to supply power to industries in the area. 30

An important change in both the city and its inhabitant took place between the end of the First World War and the beginning of the Second World War. Many veterans returned from the war with a more activist spirit and the social fabric of the city suffered from tensions between industrialists and unions. Trade unions were well represented in the local population. The 1920s brought prosperity to the area. However, this came to an abrupt end with the crash of the stock market in 1929. Many factories in Leslieville

25 Ibid. 26 Ibid. 27 Ibid. 28 Ibid., 243. 29 Ibid. 30 Ibid.

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closed down and the unemployment rate rose. People from rural areas and other parts of Canada came to Toronto looking for work. The flood of workers and their families worsened the housing crisis in Leslieville. The area became crowded and rundown. In the 1930’s there was a huge campaign for the introduction of social welfare, including better housing conditions in the area.31

The Second World War ended the great depression. Industrial production in the area once again flourished. Woods Manufacturing on Logan Avenue produced uniforms and tents for the British and Canadian armies.32 Although, the war ended unemployment, it worsened the housing crisis in the area and existing housing began to deteriorate. In the decades after the Second World War, with a decline in local manufacturing employment, many industries left the area. This resulted in more area impoverishment. In the 1980s, the Canadian government removed tariff walls and Canadian branch plant industries suffered economically, forcing more industries to leave the Leslieville area.33

In the 1990s, Leslieville began to experience a resurgence as young professionals moved into the area due to its proximity to the downtown area of Toronto. Old factory buildings in the district such as the Wrigley Gum Factory in 1998 and the Rolph Stone Plant at 201-213 Carlaw Avenue (Appendix E), which was marketed as the “Printing Factory Lofts”, were converted into desirable loft residences. Today the economy within the district is broad-based with new industries and service industries.

Figure 3. A view showing the existing rail siding Figure 4. Industrial chimney at 388 to 400 on Dickens Avenue looking north. Carlaw Avenue.

31 Ibid., 253. 32 Ibid. 33 Ibid., 254.

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Fig 5. Female workers at General Electric (Can.) c.1943 F 2082-1-2-6 Archives of Ontario, I0004899

3.2 Transportation

3.2.1 Railway

In the early years, private stagecoaches were the main method of transportation to the area of Leslieville. As the old city of Toronto began to expand, land was cleared to build railways. The arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1854 allowed local farmers and market gardeners to reach wider markets faster and more efficiently. In 1865, the Grand Trunk Railway added the first station in Leslieville near Kingston Road. At the turn of the 20th century, this station was replaced with a larger building and Kingston Road was renamed Queen Street East. Readily available railway access to other parts of Ontario, allowed the local brickyards to flourish as they provided bulk brick orders beyond their traditional Toronto markets to meet the demands of a much wider building boom.

Goad’s Atlas of 1910 (11) shows the railway spurs line in the industrial area of Dundas Carlaw that ran down Thackeray Street to service Phillips Manufacturing. Another short spur came off at Logan north of Dickens Street and at Natalie Street to service the Dunlap Tire plant. By 1923, a longer spur track connected to the Wrigley Plant on the west side of Boston Avenue to the mainline (Figure 12).

Private sidings for industry owned trackage on their property involved the construction of a switch, which was often leased from the rail line owner for a fee. Larger industries tended to employ their own locomotives to switch cars. The engines evolved from steam to gas or battery to diesel in some cases. Later in the 20th century, private rail sidings were eliminated as small truck shipments and containers later became the preferred

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freight carriers. As industry relocated to new areas the local rail sidings were often pulled up or paved over, and few remain today (Figure 16).

List of CNR Sidings Toronto Terminal: January 1926 34

o 32 Brandram-Henderson Ltd. (paint & varnish) 377 Carlaw Avenue o 134 International Varnish Co. Ltd. 371-375 Carlaw Avenue o 134 Martin-Senour Co. Ltd. (paints) 371-375 Carlaw Avenue o 136 Connell Anthracite Mining Co. Ltd. yd#5 325 Carlaw Avenue o Wrigley Building 245 Carlaw Avenue o 138 Delco-Light Co. of Canada Ltd. 245 Carlaw Avenue o 140 Dyment Ltd. (window displays) 245 Carlaw Avenue o 142 Diamond State Fibre Co. of Canada Ltd. 245 Carlaw Avenue (fibreboard) o 144 De Forest Radio Corp. Ltd. o 146 General Fireproofing Co. 235 Carlaw Avenue o 146 A. D. Shoup Co. Ltd. (paper boxes) 245 Carlaw Avenue o 148 Blachford Shoe Mfg. Co. Ltd. o 148 Geo. LaMonte & Son Ltd. (paper mfgs.) 319 Carlaw Avenue o 148 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co. Ltd. (gum) 235-245 Carlaw Avenue o 150 Rolph-Clarke-Stone Ltd. (litho.) 201-213 Carlaw Avenue o 152 Kent-McClain Ltd. (showcase mfg.) 181-199 Carlaw Avenue o 154 ...... o 156 The Palmolive Co. of Canada Ltd. (soap) 58-64 Natalie Street o 158 Phillips Mfg. Co. Ltd. (mouldings) 258-326 Carlaw Avenue o 160 Pratt Food Co. of Canada Ltd. 328 Carlaw Avenue (poultry remedies) o 162 Sturgeons Ltd. (painters supplies) 330 Carlaw Avenue o 164 Frederick G. Harrold's Coal Co. 346 Carlaw Avenue o 166 Dominion Glass Co. Ltd. 388 Carlaw Avenue o 168 John E. Russell (builders supplies) o 170 Adams Furniture Co. Ltd. 309-353 Logan Avenue o 172 Woods Mfg. Co. Ltd. (bags) 401 Logan Avenue o 174 Canada Waxed Papers Ltd. o 174 Canadian Chewing Gum Co. Ltd. 405 Logan Avenue o 176 Canada Starch Co. Ltd. 401 Logan Avenue o 178 Reliable Mfg. Co. Ltd. 405 Logan Avenue o 180 P. Burns & Co. Ltd. (coal & wood) 449 Logan Avenue o 182 T. Grinnell & Son (coal & wood) 843 Gerrard Street E. o 184 Geo. Oakley & Son Ltd. (cut stone) 355-367 Logan Avenue o 186 Dunlop Tire & Rubber Goods Co. Ltd. 870 Queen Street E.

34 R.J. Kennedy, CNR Sidings Toronto Terminal: January 1926. Access: -- (November 2015).

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3.2.2 Streetcar Extension

In 1887, the Toronto Railway Company extended its streetcar services across the Don Valley. By 1911, the city had replaced the stone bridge across the Don Valley with a steel truss bridge along Queen Street East. The building of a new bridge further expanded streetcar and road service to the Leslieville area, increased traffic between the west and the east part of the city and contributed to the increased industrialization and residential growth of the district. A streetcar track, which was part of the lost Harbord Line, ran down Pape Avenue to Danforth Avenue, west on Riverdale Avenue, then south on Carlaw Avenue and west on Gerrard Street to Broadview Avenue (Figure 5)..

Figure 6. View of Gerrard and Carlaw with the streetcar tracks curving north as part of the lost Harbord Line [TA, Series 71, s0071, it8093].

3.3 Residential Development

In the early 1880s, amalgamation discussions with the City of Toronto accelerated land speculation. The west part of Leslieville was surveyed into roads followed by residential lots for sale.35 Amalgamation with the city occurred in 1884. The Goad’s Atlases for 1884 and 1899 (Figures 8 and 10) show the area north of Queen Street East in the district underwent residential subdivision during this period. The Brickenden Brothers, butchers and carriage makers, were responsible for the construction of the handsome terraces of row housing along Logan Avenue and Booth Avenue just north of Queen Street East.36 Residences were built along Pape Avenue in the early 1880s such as the semi-detached workers’ houses located on Gerrard Street and on Pape Street at 176 and 178 (Appendix E) and the northern end of Boston Avenue. By the early 1900s Boston Avenue had been extended south as far as Queen Street East and residential development occurred on the east side.

In the early 20th century the introduction of hydroelectric and water and sewage services encouraged new industries into the area and this, in turn, stimulated the construction of more workers’ housing. The real estate boom in the Leslieville area created a working class suburb in the city. By the early 20th century the population was principally of

35 Doucette, 222. 36 Conversation with Joanne Doucette, November 2015.

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English ancestry.37 As the population increased, some areas of poorer quality housing emerged.38 Between 1900 and 1930, the housing stock in the Leslieville area expanded considerably, particularly between 1900 and 1910. The Arts and Crafts Bungalow style was advertised as being modern and it proved to be popular in the Leslieville area and the district.39

4.0 SUMMARY SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT

As the district was developed labour unions developed and took root in the industries of the district. Women entered the workforce in greater numbers in the 20th century, particularly during the two world wars.

4.1 Women’s Contribution to the Workforce

In the last half of the 19th century women’s employment was largely reserved for domestic work. Some women worked, usually for free, in the area market gardens and brickyards under the direction of the owner, usually a husband or father. Women’s participation in the paid labour force increased in the first half of the 20th century.

In the early 1900s, many women were employed either in clerical or domestic paid employment. As a result of the scarcity of male labourers during the First and Second World Wars, industry was forced to hire women as workers. Women’s employment in factories in Ontario began to change public perceptions of women’s paid employment and their societal roles. In the 1920s, there was wide spread expansion of services and housing in the City of Toronto, an increasing popularity of the automobile and changing attitudes towards women.40 New employment opportunities appeared for women in workplaces where they were previously unwelcome.

In 1921 around 30% of working women were employed in factories and other heavy industries, including machine shops and garment and textile shops. 41 However, this prosperity did not last long. The Depression of the 1930s led to a deep recession in the manufacturing industry, leaving many women unemployed. When Canada joined the Second World War, women were once again in high demand for manufacturing work.

4.2 James “Jimmie” Simpson

James Simpson was born at Lindal-in-Furness, England, on December 14, 1873. He immigrated to Canada in the late 1880s at 14 years of age and worked for three years in Kemp’s tin factory. He then became an apprentice on The News and worked for The Star

37 Doucette, 234. 38 Ibid., 234. 39 Ibid., 231. 40 Ibid. 41 Napier, 18

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newspaper. At 16 years of age he became active in the Epworth League movement in the Methodist Church and eventually became president of the Toronto Conference of the Epworth League. As well he a served as president of the Toronto Methodist Young People's Union and the Toronto Methodists' Cycling Union. At 23 years of age, he became a member of the Toronto Typographical Union and at 26 years he became active in labour movement.42 In the early 1890s. he worked as a printer. In 1892, Simpson was on strike with the Typographical Union against the Toronto News. The strikers founded the Evening Star on November 3, 1892 as a strike paper.43 For ten years, Simpson worked as the Star's City Hall reporter including nine years as the paper's municipal editor. He later became the editor of a labour newspaper.

Simpson was a member of the Queen City, Loyal Orange Lodge L.O.L. No. 857. He was a Methodist and became a committed socialist in politics and an active trade unionist. By 1900s, Simpson had become a prominent leader in his own printers’ union, as vice- president of the Toronto and District Trades and Labor Council, and later as manager of the Labor Temple. In 1900, Simpson and others founded the Ruskin Literary and Debating Society. Today, it is Canada's oldest debating society.44

Simpson served three times as Vice President of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, the forerunner of the Canadian Labour Congress, from 1904 to 1909, 1916 to 1917, and 1924 to 1936. He entered Toronto Municipal politics and served as a school trustee on the Toronto Board of Education from 1905 to 1910. A Labour Representative Committee was established in 1912 to run a slate of labour supporters for City Hall. The slate included Jimmie Simpson as a labour candidate for the Board of Control. Simpson was defeated. He ran for Controller again in 1913 and won.45 He served as a member of the Toronto Board of Control in 1914 and 1930 to 1934.46 He served on the Canadian National Exhibition Association and was a delegate to the American Federation of Labor.47 In 1910, he served as a labour representative on the royal commission on industrial training and technical education.48

Simpson became a member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), which was formed in 1911 after a split from the Socialist Party. The SDP wanted to establish alliances with the small labour parties that existed on a local level. In Toronto, the SDP was instrumental is

42 “James Simpson’s Years of Public Service Assure Fitness as Controller”, The Toronto Sunday World (December 14, 1913) 14; and, 42 World eBook Library “James Simpson (Politician)”. Access: -- (January 2016). 43 World eBook Library “James Simpson (Politician)”. 44 Ibid. 45 James Simpson’s Years of Public Service Assure Fitness as Controller”, The Toronto Sunday World (December 14, 1913) 14 46 Ian Angus, Canadian Bolsheviks: The Early Years of the Communist Party of Canada (Victoria, B.C.: Trafford Publishing, 2004) 5 47 “James Simpson’s Years of Public Service Assure Fitness as Controller”, The Toronto Sunday World (December 14, 1913) 14. 48 James Simpson - Canadian Orange Historical Site. Access: -- (January 2016).

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creating the Labour Representation Committee that included the Independent Labour Party and the Toronto Trades and Labour Council. Jimmie Simpson took over the operation of the SDP.49 Although considered to be on the right wing of the socialist movement, in the labour movement Simpson was considered to be on the left and a dangerous radical by some.50

Simpson acted as arbitrator with D.A. Carey in the interests of the Toronto Railway Employees’ Union that led to the reinstatement of 17 men discharged by the Toronto Railway Company for alleging interfering with strikebreakers who helped to break the Winnipeg strike of 1919 and took up the case of the female workers against the Bell Telephone Company for poor working conditions in the early 1900s. He was successful in representing all Toronto fur workers in lobbying for a half-day holiday on Saturday and represented the Bricklayers’ Union in arbitration with city in 1912. Other labor groups represented by Simpson included; Gas Workers, Jewish Garment Workers and Cloakmakers, Moncton employees in the New Brunswick shops of the Intercolonial Railway and local barbers for an early closing by-law in the city.51

As one of the leaders of the Ontario Labor Party in the 1920’s, Simpson ran as a candidate for the Canadian House of Commons under the banner of the Canadian Labour Party. Simpson strongly opposed Communism in the Labour Party. When the Communist bloc in the party convinced the Labor Party to withdraw its support of Simpson for his bid for a seat on the Toronto Board of Control in 1927, Simpson and his supporters left the party. This led to the collapse of the Labour Party and its eventual demise. Simpson then formed the Toronto Labor Party, excluding avowed Communists from its membership.52 Simpson was a delegate to the International Labour Organization in the 1920s and 1930s.53

Simpson ran as a C.C.F. candidate for the Board of Control in 1934 and served as mayor Toronto in 1935. In 1936, Simpson supported a municipal boycott on the purchase of German goods and services and voiced his opinion that the city should not be contributing any financial support to Canada’s participation in the Nazi Olympics.54 The Toronto Star, which had previously supported him, did not in his reelection bid in 1936 because of his anti-Catholic sentiments.55

49 Angus, 5. 50 Ibid. 51 “James Simpson’s Years of Public Service Assure Fitness as Controller”, The Toronto Sunday World (December 14, 1913) 14. 52 James Simpson - Canadian Orange Historical Site. 53 Ibid. 54 Richard Menkis and Harold Toper, More than Just Games: Canada and the 1936 Olympics (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015), 55 James Simpson - Canadian Orange Historical Site),

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Fig. 7. Jimmy Simpson, Toronto’s 44th Mayor en.wikipedia.org

Jimmy Simpson died in Toronto on September 24, 1938, as the result of an accident with a streetcar.

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5.0 HISTORIAL MAPS OF THE DISTRICT: 1850-1959

In 1851, the Map of the Township of York shows the area from the Don River east along Kingston Road (Queen Street East) with no residential or industrial development. The exception is a single Tavern. The cemetery shown in the map is on Pape Avenue.

Fig. 8. Map of the Township of York in the County of York, 1851.

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In 1860, the Tremaine Map (Figure 6) shows the Carlaw-Dundas district predominantly comprised market gardens. John Logan’s market gardens marked in the northern part of the study area.

Figure 9. Tremaine Map, York, 1860

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In 1878, the Illustrated Historical Atlas (Figure 7) illustrates the brickmaking industry had developing in the Carlaw-Dundas district. Joseph Russell, a prominent brick maker in Leslieville, owned property along the southern area of the district on Kingston Road.

Figure 10. Map of the City of Toronto, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York, 1878.

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By 1884, Goad’s Atlas (Figure 8) shows brickmaker John Russell and market gardener John Logan still owned land within the Carlaw-Dundas district. Some residential and commercial buildings had been built on Kingston Road. (Queen Street East).

Figure 11. Goad’s Atlas, Toronto 1884.

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In 1892, the Toronto Railway Company Map bird’s-eye view (Figure 9) illustrates the existing streetcar service provided through the district by the Toronto Railway Company soon after it took over operations in 1891. In spite of continued city growth, the company refused to extend its single-fares, build new lines or buy additional cars to service the area beyond the city limits of 1891.

Figure 12. Toronto Railway Company's Map Showing Street Railway Lines, 1892.

In 1899, Goad’s Atlas map of (Figure 10) shows the land within the Carlaw-Dundas district had undergone development and the market garden lands had been subdivided. Kingston Road was now Queen Street East. Carlaw Avenue had been extended north of Queen Street East, the former Blong Street had became Logan Avenue and the former Bangor Street, now Booth Street, was shown as Blong Street. Although large plots of undeveloped land still existed along Carlaw Avenue and at the Joseph Russell’s brickyard, residential development had occurred along Blong Street, now Booth Avenue, and Logan Avenue north of Queen Street East as well along Boston Avenue and Pape Avenue. This development in part can be attributed to the extension of the streetcar along Queen Street in 1887.

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Figure 13. Goad’s Atlas, Toronto 1899.

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In 1910, the Goad’s Atlas (Figure 11) shows more developed residential and industrial development had occurred within the district. Blong Street is now Booth Avenue. Phillips Manufacturing had been built on the east side of Carlaw Avenue.

Figure 14. Goad’s Atlas, Toronto 1910.

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In 1923, Goad’s Atlas (Figure 12) depicts most of the district was now a mix of residential and industrial buildings. Industrial development had occurred along Carlaw Avenue near Booth Avenue and Natalie Street and at the intersection of Logan and Dickens Avenue. A railway spur line had been built from the main rail corridor to service the industrial buildings along Carlaw Avenue and at the Wrigley building. Gerrard St. East is shown before the jog was removed and the street straightened.

Figure 15. Goad’s Atlas Toronto 1923.

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By 1959, the Carlaw-Dundas District (Figures 13 and 14) was mixed residential and industrial. A few more railway spur lines had been built to provide access to area factories by the late 1950s.

Figure 16. Plan showing Boston Aveenue, westward to the CN Rail Corrider [City of Toronto Planning Board Atlas, c1959]. .

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6.0 SUMMARY OF DISTRICT THEMES

The survey of the built historical and cultural landscape resources and an examination of local histories within the district was completed to summarize the origins of settlement in the west section of Leslieville from 1850 to the present. The subject district is considered to be an evolved cultural heritage community.

The following themes summarize the evolved cultural heritage of the district and can be explored and celebrated through the designs that emerge as part of the public realm improvements.

6.1 Industrial History

Market Gardening and Brickmaking

The area started as a agricultural area characterized by market gardening from the mid 19th century onwards as well as evolving into as a brickmaking centre founded on the availability of plentiful, shallow local clay, sand and cheap labour. Both activities were sustained with water from a local creek that ran close to where Boston Avenue is located today. This creek is now buried in the municipal sewer system.

The Russell family, local landowners, owned a sizable amount of property in the Carlaw- Dundas area. It was not until their lands were acquired by the City of Toronto after 1906 that industrial and manufacturing development occurred. With the availability of electricity being transmitted from Niagara to Toronto and the introduction of water and sewage servicing as well as better streetcar transportation along Queen Street East after 1907, the opened land provided an excellent opportunity to develop an industrial base located close to the city centre.

20th Century Industrialization and Transportation

The west boundary Grand Trunk Railway corridor main line was an asset in providing spur lines links to the industrial sites. The spur lines are depicted in the Goad’s Atlas and area mapping (Section 6.0). With the physical infrastructure elements in place, it was possible to develop an industrial plan and move ahead. An impressive array of business types developed in the Carlaw-Dundas area. Research identified eighty-seven different manufacturers. The manufacturing categories include, but are not limited to:

o food, beverages and toiletries o paper products and printing o clothing o housewares, appliances and pianos o heavy manufacturing o products for business

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o lumber, carriage and wagon makers

A list of manufacturers and business located in the district is found in Appendix C. The primary businesses with long-term association to the district include:

o Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Limited (235 & 245 Carlaw Avenue); o Canadian Chewing Gum Company Limited, 405 Logan Avenue); o Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company Limited, 60-64 Natalie Street); o Canada Starch Company Limited (1135 Dundas Street East); o Smart Bag Company Limited, Woods Manufacturing Company Limited (401 Logan Avenue); o Rolph, Clark, Stone Limited (201 Carlaw Avenue); o Roden Brothers Silversmiths (345 Carlaw Avenue); o Phillips Manufacturing Company (258 Carlaw Avenue); o Crown Cork and Seal (320 Carlaw Avenue); o George Oakley & Sons Limited (355 Logan Avenue); and o Dunlop Tire & Rubber Goods Company Limited (262 Booth Avenue).

An architectural description and photograph of the buildings in the study area are contained in Appendix D.

Figure 18. Remnant of railway marked Figure 19. Remnant railway spur line. “Dominion Wheel Foundries Ltd, Toronto” found on Boston Avenue.

Figure 21. Railway crossing signage.

Figure 20. Carlaw Avenue Rail Underpass at Gerrard Street built in 1931.

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6.2 Residential Development

The terraces and other residences are good examples of locally derived architecture from a defined construction period.

Residential subdivision occurred after amalgamation with the city and the extension of the Queen Street car into the district. The existing row housing along Logan Avenue and Booth Avenue just north of Queen Street East and larger semi-detached residences on Pape Avenue and housing on Gerrard Street and at the northern end of Boston Avenue were built in the late 19th century. By the early 1900s, Boston Avenue had been extended south to Queen Street East and residential development occurred on the east side opposite industrial development on the west side.

The real estate boom in the Leslieville area created a working class suburb of the city. By the early 20th century the population was principally of English ancestry.56 As the population increased, some areas of poorer quality housing emerged.57 Between 1900 and 1930, particularly between 1900 and 1910, the housing stock in the Leslieville area expanded considerably. Closely associated with the industrial heritage of the area is the worker housing that evolved to support the local manufacturing companies.

The Arts and Crafts Bungalow style was advertised as being modern and it proved to be popular in the Leslieville area and the district in the early 20th century.58

Figure 22. A row of 1 ½ storey, semi-detached Figure 23. Brick, 2 ½ storey, semi- workers housing. deatched houses at 176 and 178 Pape Avenue in the Toronto Bay & Gable style of the 1880s.

56 Doucette, 234. 57 Ibid., 234. 58 Ibid., 231.

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7.0 POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERPRETATION

Designated Heritage Properties

Currently, there are five (5) properties within the subject district boundaries that are included on the City of Toronto Heritage Register. They are:

o 201 Carlaw Avenue. listed; o 1135 Dundas Street East, listed; o 126 Pape Avenue, listed; o 176 Pape Avenue, municipally designated under Part IV of the OHA; and o 178 Pape Avenue, municipally designated under Part IV of the OHA;

The Heritage Resources Plan produced for the study depicts those properties identified as having heritage value within the district. It is contained in Appendix A.

Walking Tours

The Carlaw-Dundas district offers a variety of opportunities to explore the settlement history, cultural industrial heritage and its architecture. Walking tours, both guided and self-guided are an excellent method to enhance community knowledge through describing the evolution of the lands and the continuity of change. Heritage Toronto has undertaken walking tours within the district and would be a good partner to explore the development of a plaquing and a guided walking tour program. As well it manages Digital Tours with “Toronto in Time”, which is a free mobile app that highlights the history of Toronto through “then and now” photos, slideshows, trails, and historical stories for more than 150 sites.

A self-guided walking tour could employ the “murmur” program that operates in other parts of the city including the Junction and Kensington Market. The “murmur” signpost represented with an ‘ear’ as a symbol located on hydro poles could be employed and local persons can record recollections of the area to be played back on a cellphone or tablet.

Commemorative Installations

Commemorative installations can be developed to show industry’s roll in the growth of the community. These can be located in park settings. A permanent display in the Jimmie Simpson Community Centre would be available to persons of all age groups.

On Line Resources

Contributions to BLOG Toronto and Vintage Toronto websites merit consideration to encourage an interest in the district from a citywide perspective.

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SOURCES

Angus, Ian. Canadian Bolsheviks: The Early Years of the Communist Party of Canada (Victoria, B.C.: Trafford Publishing, 2004.

City of Toronto Directories, various years.

Doucette, Joanne. Pigs, flowers and brick: a history of Leslieville to 1920. 2011.

Goad’s Atlas of the City of Toronto, 1884, 1899, 1910 and 1923.

Hayes, Derrick. Historical Atlas of Toronto. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre Ltd., 2008.

“James Simpson’s Years of Public Service Assure Fitness as Controller”, The Toronto Sunday World (December 14, 1913)

Leung, Felicity et. al. “Manufacturing Locations in Canada: The Identification and Evaluation of Significant Multiple-Industry Manufacturing Complexes”. Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Parks Canada, November 1990.

Menkis, Richard and Toper, Harold, More than Just Games: Canada and the 1936 Olympics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.

Napier, Jessica. Leslieville: A Neighbourhood in Transition, A Community Divided Understanding the Changing Politics of Space in a Toronto Neighbourhood. Major Research Paper, Joint Graduate Program in Communication & Culture, Ryerson University -York University, Toronto, Ontario, May 6, 2009.

Web Sites

Architectural Conservancy of Ontario, Toronto. TOBuilt: A Toronto Building & Structure Database, Canada. Access: -- (January 2015).

James Simpson - Canadian Orange Historical Site. Access: -- (January 2016).

R.J. Kennedy, CNR Sidings Toronto Terminal: January 1926. Access: -- (November 2015).

Leslieville History –The history of a Toronto neighbourhood. Pigs, Flowers and Bricks: A history of Leslieville by Joanne Doucette copyright 2014. Access: -- (November 2015).

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Windsor Occupational Health Information Service, The History of the Occupation Health and Safety Act. Access:-- (November 2015).

World eBook Library “James Simpson (Politician)”. Access: -- (January 2016).

Maps, Aerial and Photographs

City of Toronto Archives (TA). TA, Series 71, s0071, it8093. TA, Series 372, s0372, ss0001, ito246a. Series 12, Aerial Photographs of the Metropolitan Toronto Area, 1947.

City of Toronto Planning Board atlas, c1959.

Female workers at General Electric (Can.) c.1943 F 2082-1-2-6 Archives of Ontario, I0004899

Historical Maps of Toronto. Access: -- (January 2016).

1892 Toronto Railway Company's Map Showing Street Railway Lines Access: -- (January 2016).

Jimmy Simpson, Toronto’s 44th Mayor en.wikipedia.org

Map of the Township of York in the County of York, 1851.

Map of City of Toronto, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of York. 1878.

Tremaine Map of the County of York, Canada West, 1860.

Interview

Joanne Doucette, Local Historian and Storyteller, November 2015.

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APPENDIX A: CARLAW & DUNDAS LANDSCAPE AND PUBLIC REALM HERITAGE RESOURCES PLAN

APPENDIX B: LIST OF STREETS NAMED AFTER DISTINGUISHED PERSONS

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Street Name Family History Austin Avenue The Street was named after James Austin, of the firm Austin & Fox. He was the owner of the New Spadina House and was once the president of the Dominion Bank of Canada. The road was constructed in the 1900s.

Badgerow Avenue George Washington Badgerow was a lawyer and a member of the Liberal party, representing East York in the Ontario Legislative from 1879 to 1886.

Bisley Avenue Bisley is most likely the shortest street in Leslieville. It was named Bisley in 1905 after a local family. Prior to this time It was named Russell Place because it was the site of Russell brickyard.

Booth Avenue The Street was named after a local butcher.

Boston Avenue Frank Boston managed a gravel pit in the east end of the city and began the first streetcar service on Kingston Road, now Queen Street East.

Carlaw Avenue The Grand Trunk Railway employed John Carlaw as either a cashier or controller. Although he never lived there, he owned a farm next to George Leslie. When he subdivided the land he named one of the streets after himself. He was also considered as one of the founders of Parkdale.

Colgate Avenue The Street was named after the Colgate Palmolive Company, a major local employer.

Gerrard Street The Gerrards were early settlers in York. When the city extended the road in 1884, the east part of the road became Gerrard Street East

Logan Avenue John Logan and his family were Scottish market gardeners. They owned property on this road.

Pape Avenue Joseph Pape owned a market garden at the corner of Gerrard and Pape. He was one of the first florists in Canada.

Thackery Street William Makepeace Thackeray was the author of Vanity Fair.

Verral Avenue The Verrals were a family of politicians and business owner. It is believed that the Verrals were the first in Toronto to use automobiles for taxicabs. The Anglican Bishop J. McQueen Baldwin built Verral Mews, located on Verral Avenue, in 1903.

APPENDIX C: LIST OF MANUFACTURERS

Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix C Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Food, Beverage, Toiletries Paper Products & Printing Housewares, Appliances & Pianos

Toronto Pure Ginger Beer Co. Acme Paper Box Co., [paper boxes] Nonsuch Ltd., [shoe & stove polish] Consolidated Beverages Ltd. A.D. Shoup Co. Ltd., [paper boxes] Prophylactic Brush Co., [brushes] O'Keefe's Beverages Ltd. Queen City Paper & Twine De Forest-Crosley, [radio Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co. Ltd. Rolph, Clark, Stone Ltd., manufacturers]; later Consolidated Canadian Chewing Gum Co. Ltd. [lithographers] Industries Ltd., also listed as Liberty Cherry Co. of Canada Blackhall & Co., [bookbinders] Consolidated Industries Export Ltd.; [bottled maraschino cherries] Dyment Ltd., [advertising window Norge Corp of Canada Ltd. subsidiary Canada Starch Co. Ltd., [corn oil, displays] of Consolidated Industries household corn syrup, and corn starch] Graphic Calendar Co., [calendars] appliances & Challenger Manufacturing Palmolive Co., (toilet soap Dominion Calendar & Printing Co., Co. Ltd. subsidiary of Consolidated manufacturers [calendars] Industries Ont. Soap & Oil Co., [liquid soap] Seedsman's Lithographic Co. Ltd., Kipp HM & Co. Ltd. [radio Lambert Pharmacol (Canada) Ltd., [catalogues] manufacturers] [drugs] British American Wax Paper Co. Jefferson Glass Co. Ltd., [Illuminating T.E. O'Reilly, [drugs] George Lamonte & Sons, Ltd., Glassware, Tableware and Specialties] [paper manufacturers] Roden Bros., [silversmiths] Novelty Rug Co. Hammond Co. of Canada Ltd., [electric clocks; later listed as jewelers] Phillips Manufacturing Co., [mouldings, mirror plates, etc.] Canada Glass Mantels & Tiles Ltd. factory Glass Art Cut China Co. Veribest Aluminum Co. of Canada, [aluminum cookware] Delco Light Co. of Canada Ltd., [electric devices] Aladdin Mantle Lamp Co. & Aladdin Industries Inc., [lamps] Gourlay, Winter & Leeming Ltd., [ pianos, piano players, organs and phonographs] Piano Repair Co. Stanley Piano Co. J. M. Loose & Sons Ltd. [piano]

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Heavy Manufacturing Clothing Products for Businesses Miscellaneous or Unknown Dunlop Tire & Rubber Smart Bag/Woods Manufacturing Kent McClain Ltd. [show cases Oakley Geo & Son Goods factory, [bicycle & Co., [bags; by 1930s outdoor & shop fittings] Ltd., [stonecutters & carriage tires, rubber clothing and war equipment] Diamond State Fibre Co. of marble works] mats, heels, and sundries] National Textiles Ltd., [shirt Canada Ltd. Walker Lumber Co. Canada Pattern Works, manufacturers, overall General Fireproofing Co. [steel T. Eaton Co., [wood & metal patterns] manufacturers] office furniture] Reliable Flexible Shaft Co. Ltd., Diament Knitting Mill McCaskey Systems Ltd., Manufacturing Co. [machinery] Blachford Shoe Manufacturing [manufacturers of account Ltd., Huston Oil Co. Ltd. registers] Ontario Gasoline & Oil Blackford Shoe Manufacturing Crown Cork & Seal Co., Toy Coal Co. H. Leach & Co., [weaving] [makers of bottle caps] York Engineering Co. Ltd., Stein & Co., [suspenders & Pratt Food Co. of Canada Ltd., [coal blowers and stokers] garters] [poultry feeds & supplies, stock Sturgeon's Ltd., [paint Walker Knit Hosiery, [men's goods and veterinary remedies] manufacturers] hosiery] Santoline Co. [Oil compounds] Ferguson Tool Salvage Anglo Knit Ltd., [men's hosiery] Ltd., [steel sundries] Wool Craft Mills Riverdale Leather Co., [tanners]

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APPENDIX D: COMPANY INFORMATION

Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

FOOD, BEVERAGES, TOILETRIES

Toronto Pure Ginger Beer Co.  The 1917 City Directory lists the company at 4-10 Busy Street.

Consolidated Beverages Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 181 Carlaw Avenue between 1936-38.

O'Keefe Beverages Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 181 Carlaw Avenue.  O'Keefe Brewery was founded 1840 when Charles Hanneth established Victoria Brewery on the north side of Dundas Street.  Eugene O'Keefe & Patrick Cosgrave purchased the brewery in 1861, but parted company 1863. The brewery passed through various hands in the family. In January 1922 the company name changed to O'Keefe Beverages Ltd., and in April 1933 to O'Keefe Brewing Co. Ltd. E.P. Taylor acquired control of the company in 1934.  O’Keefe Brewery a major player in Canadian beer market from late 1880s to 1960s.  There is a detailed history in "O’Keefe Brewery" entry of Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia by Jack S. Blocker, David M. Fahey, Ian R. Tyrrell.

Bowes Co. Ltd.  The company produced jams, jellies, etc.  A 1965 map (University of Toronto) shows the factory at 181 Carlaw Avenue.  An online article notes the company was founded 1893 as the J.A. McLean Produce Co. J. L. Bowes acquired it in 1905.  The factory continued to supply butter, eggs and other dairy products. Before Bowes's death in 1927, it had diversified into producing jams, jellies, pie fillings, fountain fruit products.  With a new ownership in 1934, the firm became national.  Decades later, the company moved from Front Street factory to Carlaw Avenue where it remained until 1974.

Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co. Ltd.  The company was located at 235 and 245 Carlaw Avenue (known respectively as Wrigley Building A & Wrigley Building B).  The building was named after the founder, Philadelphian William Wrigley Jr., who started making gum in 1891.

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 In 1910, Wrigley’s Spearmint (one of 20 different gums then produced by the company) became a best-selling chewing gum in United States and expansion efforts led to the construction of a factory in Toronto, the company’s first facility outside of the United States.  In 1931, to help struggling wholesalers during Great Depression, Wrigley sold $12 million worth of gum in exchange for cotton shipments from southern United States and launched a similar program in Canada where Wrigley bought a million bushels of wheat on the open market in an effort to help stabilize prices.  Various companies have occupied the buildings' space with Wrigley.  Wrigley’s gum production was a pivotal supply to Canadian soldiers participating in the WW1 and WW2 campaigns and its production was not compromised during the war effort.

Canadian Chewing Gum Co. Ltd.  The factory was located at 405 Logan Avenue (between Dickens Street and railway tracks to west). However, the building is now gone.  Listed in 1915 City Directory and per legal document online, the firm still existed in 1939.

Liberty Cherry Co. of Canada  The company was first listed in 1932 City Directory at 349-353 Carlaw Avenue.  The company is included in June 1, 1931 Budget of R.B. Bennett (page 2163) in a list of “new concerns establishing in Canada since August 1930” from the United States.  This company trademarked “Cherry Land” in 1965 under the address of 2336 Gerrard Street East.  The company produced bottled maraschino cherries.

Canada Starch Co. Ltd.  The company is not listed in the 1990 Leung et al report.  1135 Dundas Street East is listed on City of Toronto Heritage Register as the Canada Starch Building built c1910.  The 1915 City Directory lists the company at 53 Front Street East; the 1921 Directory notes it at 45 Front Street East.  The firm published a cookbook in 1979 called Our Best Recipes Since 1858.  The company appeared to have made corn oil, corn syrup, and cornstarch.  The Directory of the chemical industries in Canada as of date January 1, 1919 lists the company as being based in Montreal with plants in Cardinal, Brantford, and Fort William, Ontario.  In January 1926, the company is listed as having a private railway siding at 401 Logan Avenue.  The building has a 10.7 m tall mural on the north side (brick wall with no openings) by Herakut (nom de plume of German graffiti artists Hera and her partner, Akut) (Source: https://nowtoronto.com/news/creative-spirit-hits-dundas/

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Palmolive Co. of Canada; Palm Olive Oil Co. Ltd.; Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Co. Ltd.  The company is listed at 60-64 Natalie Street (now Colgate Street).  The company manufactured soap. In 1806, William Colgate started a starch, soap and candle business in New York City. In 1864, B.J. Johnson opened a soap factory in Milwaukee, which later became the Palmolive Co. In 1872, Peet Brothers established a soap company in Kansas City. In 1914, Colgate established its first international subsidiary in Canada.  In 1926, soap manufacturers Palmolive and Peet merged to become the Palmolive-Peet Co. In 1928, Colgate merged with Palmolive-Peet to become the Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Co.

Ontario Soap & Oil Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 1160A Dundas Street East between 1920-34.  An online 1919 trade directory gives company's products as Soap; soft, liquid and Cutting oils (cutting oils are used as machinery coolants and lubricants).

Lambert Pharmacal (Canada) Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 245 Carlaw Avenue between 1937-39.  The 1921 City Directory lists the company at 64-66 Gerrard Street East as "manufacturing chemists".

T.E. O'Reilly  The company produced drugs.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 245 Carlaw Ave between 1925- 26.  PAPER PRODUCTS & PRINTING

Smart Bag Co. Ltd.; Smart Woods Ltd.; Woods Mfg. Co. Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report notes the company had been located at 401 Logan Avenue since 1908.  The 1990 report also states the factory was “still in operation on Dundas Street East producing camping equipment and outdoor clothing”.  The firm originated in Montreal in 1906.  An online trade journal lists its products as Jute and Cotton Bags, Plain and Colored Burlaps, Buckrams; Dyed and Plain Paddings, Canvas, Rope and Twines; steam and electric; dye; sell direct (Mills at Winnipeg and Toronto).  During both the First and Second World Wars, the company produced uniforms, tents and equipment for the Canadian and British armies.

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Acme Paper Box Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the factory at 378 Carlaw Avenue between 1933-38.  A “University of Toronto Report of the Board of Governors for the Year Ending June 30th, 1939” showed payments to Acme.  A.D. Shoup & Co. Ltd.  The company produced paper boxes.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 235 Carlaw Avenue between 1916-29.  It produced a board game dated 1933. An online auction site indicates they were manufactured by A. D. Shoup Co. Toronto.

Queen City Paper & Twine Co. Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 378 Carlaw Avenue between 1933-38.  An online book described owner G. Garfunkel as a “prominent Jewish business owner” in early 1930s.

Rolph, Clark, Stone Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company began as Rolph Clark Co. in 1915 and in 1919 it became Rolph Clark Stone.  The property at 201 Carlaw is listed on City of Toronto Heritage Register as the Rolph-Clarke-Stone Limited Building, built c. 1913, and includes the includes interior entrance and staircase as heritage features.  The Rolph, Clark, Stone Ltd. established in Toronto in 1917.  The company dates to 1867 when Joseph Thomas Rolph acquired the printing business of Ellis & Co. Six years later, Joseph brought in two partners and renamed the firm Rolph, Smith and Co.  The company produced bank forms and other commercial stationery.  In 1904, the plant was destroyed by fire; Rolph, Smith and Co. merged with Clark Lithographing Co. manufacturers of lithographed labels.  In 1917, the company merged with Stone Ltd., manufacturers of calendars and posters, and became one of the first companies in the world to adopt the use of photolithography technology.  Until 1909, Stone had been Toronto Lithographing Co. (founded 1878).  Rolph, Clark Stone Ltd. became one of Canada's largest lithographic printers until the obsolescence of commercial lithography in the 1970s.

Blackhall & Co.  This was a bookbinding company.  The 1900 City Directory lists the firm at 5 Jordan St with E.A. Blackhall, proprietor.  The 1915 City Directory lists the company at 201 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Dyment Ltd.  The 1930 City Directory lists the company at 245 Carlaw (Wrigley B) as manufacturers of advertising window displays.  The 1990 Leung et al report 1990 lists the company simply as lithographers at same address from 1924-39.  Graphic Calendar Co.  The 1930 City Directory lists all at 201 Carlaw Avenue.  The company produced calendars.

Dominion Calendar & Printing Co.  The 1930 City Directory lists all at 201 Carlaw Avenue  The company produced calendars.

Seedsman's Lithographic Co. Ltd.  The 1930 City Directory lists all at 201 Carlaw Avenue  The company produced catalogues.

British American Wax Paper Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company was located at 235 Carlaw Avenue between 1916-39.

George Lamonte & Sons, Ltd.  The company produced paper finishing.  The 1990 Leung et al report the company was at 319 Carlaw Avenue between 1917-39.  The 1915 building by architects Sproatt & Rolph was demolished; a new condo is now at that address.  CLOTHING

The Canadian H.W. Gossard Co. Ltd., corset manufacturers (factory)  The 1920 City Directory lists the company at 235-245 Carlaw Avenue  The company produced corsets.  An 1926 advertisement gives address as 366-376 West Adelaide Street Toronto & offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London, Sydney, Buenos Aires.  A Dec. 1915 trade journal lists the company under New Manufacturing Companies.

National Textiles Ltd.  The company produced factory, shirt manufacturers, overall manufacturers  The 1933 City Directory lists factory at 349-353 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

 The company was not included in the 1990 Leung et al report implying it was gone by 1939.  The building still exists.

Diament Knitting Mill  The company was not included in the 1990 Leung et al report implying the factory was gone by 1939.  ARCHINCONT (Toronto Reference Library) notes 320 Carlaw Avenue was a factory, Diament Knitting Mill, now i-Zone condo / lofts altered c2001 (Toronto Star, 2001 June 16, page r12).

Blachford Shoe Manufacturing Co. Ltd.  The 1930 City Directory lists the company at 235 Carlaw Avenue  It was founded in 1914 by two Blachford brothers.  In 1915, Howard C. Blachford was president of the Toronto Shoe Retailers' Association.  The company was bought by British shoe firm Clarks in 1952.  It specialized in high-grade welted women's shoes. The company made 10,000 per year.  An online trade journal (1915) noted after 18 years at 114 Yonge Street the firm would move to large custom-designed store at 286 Yonge Street (doubling their retail space; largest shoe store in Canada); the store was where Dundas Square is now.  Several volumes of the same trade journal discuss the success of the company, the variety of its women’s shoes, the high quality of their advertisements (“Millinery for Women's Feet”), and the very latest in retail design at their new store (“very attractively fitted up in mahogany”.

Blackford Shoe Manufacturing  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company was at 245 Carlaw Avenue between 1936-39.

H. Leach & Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company was at 349 Carlaw Avenue between 1937-39.  The company was a weaving manufacturer.

A. Stein & Co.,  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company was at 245 Carlaw Avenue between 1924-29.  The company established in 1887 in United States.  It was established Canadian subsidiary, A. Stein / Company, Ltd., with a factory in Toronto in 1919.

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

 It made garters, suspenders, rubber sundries, and other products of elastic webbing for men. The company gradually broadened its activities to include products for women and children.  An eBay advertisement for men's garters lists Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, and Toronto as company locations. Similar 1924 and 1940 advertisements list the locations as only Chicago and New York.

Walker Knit Hosiery  The company manufactured men's hosiery.

Anglo Knit Ltd.  The company manufactured men's hosiery.

Wool Craft Mills  The company is listed at 14 Verral Avenue in the 1990 Leung et al report and City Directories.  A business located at 14 Verral Avenue first appeared in 1948 as Walker Knit Hosiery; A.E. & Mrs. M.B. Walker, men's hosiery (their residence elsewhere).  The company changed its name several times: 1949: Anglo Knit Ltd., Robert A Patton, men's hosiery; 1950: Wool Craft Mills, Oral Case (though Mr. Case listed as Case Millinery Co. on Adelaide); 1951: Wool Craft Mills; 1959: Canada Pattern Works, wood and metal patterns.  The building is now a daycare described in an undated real estate notice as approximately 2000 ft.2 each level.

Riverdale Leather Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 1160A Dundas Street East between 1920-36.  It was a tanning company.  The 1920 and 1930 City Directories notes the company at 45 Dickens Street (per Toronto Street Maps accessed at University of Toronto: no Dundas Street East is shown in the study area up to 1955 map; it is shown on 1957 map).  HOUSEWARES, APPLIANCES, PIANOS

Nonsuch Ltd.  The 1916 and 1930 City Directory lists Busy Street for first time and this firm at #9.  It was a shoe polish factory.

Prophylactic Brush Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 245 Carlaw between 1937-39.  A “University of Toronto Report of the Board of Governors for the Year Ending June 30th, 1938” indicates toothbrushes were purchased from this company.

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

De Forest-Crosley,  The 1930 City Directory lists at the company at 245 Carlaw Avenue  It manufactured radios.  Crosley Ltd. was the sales company of DeForest Radio Corp.  The company name changed its name to Consolidated Industries in 1931; new company the holding company for De Forest Radio Corporation and its sales company, as well as Norge Corp. of Canada Ltd. (electrical refrigerators), Hammond Company of Canada Ltd. (electric clocks), Universal Acceptance Corp. Ltd. (public financing), and two newly formed companies: Consolidated Industries Products Ltd. (to sell the products of Norge) and Consolidated Industries Export Ltd. (to market products worldwide) [all from Montreal Gazette, April 15 1931, 25]  There are photographs of the inside of the Toronto factory in Phonograph Journal of Canada, Dec 1924, 48.  A De Forest catalogue c1930 is located at the Toronto Reference Library (call #621.38418 D24).  In 1920, Powel Crosley introduced the first low price radio for the masses. It sold for just $7.00 while other radios were approximately $100.00.  In 1907 [Lee] De Forest patented a bulb for use in wireless devices.

Kipp HM & Co. Ltd.  The 1932 City Directory lists the company at 328 Carlaw Avenue.  In the early 1920s, Toronto engineer Charles Lowry “set out to design a receiver that would be simple enough to be used by the public since the U.S.A. RCA patent was not enforced in Canada at that time”. Two years later, Lowry approached a Toronto motorcycle dealer and accessory company.  H.M. Kipp Ltd. built sets to Lowry’s designs since they were interested in selling radios during the less active winter period.  Lowry left company in 1927 to work for DeForest Radio Corporation. He was there until 1933.  The Kipp Company abandoned the radio business in 1932.

Jefferson Glass Co. Ltd.  It produced illuminating glassware, tableware and specialties. It specialized in making opalescent pressed glass.  The 1915 City Directory lists the company at 388 Carlaw Avenue  The company was founded in 1900 in Steubenville, Ohio (county seat of Jefferson County, hence its name).  It briefly operated a plant in Toronto called the Jefferson Glass Co. Ltd. of Toronto that produced the same lines of glass 1912-1914. After 1915, the firm increasingly focused on lighting industry and closed in 1933.  In a Statistics Canada directory (1919) the firm is listed under Glass at 388 Carlaw Avenue.

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Roden Bros.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 345 Carlaw Avenue between 1915-39.  The company was founded in Toronto by Thomas and Frank Roden in June 1891. In 1910s, it became known as Roden Bros. Ltd. The company was taken over by Henry Birks and Sons in 1953.  The firm's silver was supplied by British Columbia.  It produced wide range of silver hollowware and flatware in traditional English styles. The company also produced cut crystal and medals.  The company was attributed with helping with production of Stanley Cup and Grey Cup.  The building was replaced by a new condo

Novelty Rug Co.  The 1930 City Directory lists this company as one of several companies located at 349-353 Carlaw Avenue. It was not listed in the 1932 Directory.

Hammond Co. of Canada Ltd.  The 1932 City Directory lists this company as one of several companies located at 245 Carlaw (Wrigley Building B).  In 1932, the business was electric clocks; by 1933, the Directory noted categorized the business as a jewelers.  It was associated with De Forest-Crosley radios (see above).

Phillips Manufacturing Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company business as “makers of mouldings and mirrors and began production in 1909”.  It was located at 258 Carlaw Avenue between 1909-1939.  In the publication, Leslieville History: The history of a Toronto neighbourhood, it is noted: “In 1905 the Cobban Manufacturing Company changed its name to Phillips Manufacturing Company. In 1907 the firm bought a Carlaw Avenue building for $16,733.00. In 1908 Phillips Manufacturing Co. moved to 258 Carlaw Avenue, Toronto. It mainly produced picture frames.”  An online trade journal published in 1907 noted the company was to build a 2 storey, 132,000-sq.ft. factory in Toronto.  An advertisement in 1917 trade journal notes the company address as 258-326 Carlaw Avenue and states its. “COPPER PLATED MIRRORS will stand the test of damp, heat, or cold. The silvering will positively not go bad under any of these influences. This is our story, and our guarantee (without time limit) stands behind it.”  The same journal notes the company produced “mouldings, frames, framed pictures, mirrors, trays. Novelties in every department" and they are "Still selling Circassian Walnut Veneer Moulding in all regular patterns”.

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Canada Glass Mantels & Tiles Ltd.  The 1915 City Directory lists the factory at 328 Carlaw Avenue.  The company is not listed in the 1920 directory.

Glass Art Cut China Co.  The 1932 and 1933 City Directories list the factory at 400 Carlaw Avenue.

Veribest Aluminum Co. of Canada  The company is not included in the 1990 Leung et al report, implying the factory was gone by 1939.  The 1930 and 1933 City Directories list it as one of several companies located at 349-353 Carlaw Avenue  A 1922 French trade journal online claims “most popular cookware Canada in a wide range of models for all purposes”.  Delco-Light Co. of Canada Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 245 Carlaw Avenue making electric devices between 1924-26.

Aladdin Mantle Lamp Co. & Aladdin Industries Inc.  The company was founded in early 1900s in United States. They produced lamps.  The 1930 City Directory lists both of the company names at 405 Logan Avenue.  A 1951 article reprinted in The Mystic Light of the Aladdin Knights (May 2006, 5) mentions the Aladdin plant in Toronto.  It eventually made electric lamps.

Gourlay, Winter & Leeming Ltd.  It was an importer and manufacturer of pianos and dealers in pianos, piano players, organs and phonographs.  It is not included in the 1990 Leung et al report, implying it was gone by 1939.  It is listed in The Canadian Encyclopedia as a, “retailer of pianos, player pianos, organs, music boxes, and phonographs, and manufacturer of pianos”.  Robert S. Gourlay, Francis William Winter, and Thomas Leeming established the firm in 1890.  Gourlay was formerly the general manager of well-known piano makers Mason & Risch.  In 1923, the firm was forced into receivership.  Throughout its history, the company had a retail store on downtown Yonge Street  The company began by selling pianos, and by 1904, it produced its own pianos. By 1911, the factory employed 225 persons, and by 1915, 8,000 Gourlay pianos had been built.  The company also sold the Gourlay-Angelus line of player piano.  The 1911 and 1915 City Directories list the firm at 309-353 Logan Avenue [on Logan north of Colgate Avenue, per 1924 Goad’s Atlas].

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 Robert Gourlay was the president and his son David Gourlay, the Vice President.

Piano Repair Co.  The 1930-33 City Directories list it as one of several companies located at 349- 353 Carlaw. It was not listed in the 1932 Directory.

Stanley Piano Co.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company was located at 349 Carlaw Avenue between 1921-24.  It manufactured pianos.

J. M. Loose & Sons Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company was at 349 Carlaw Avenue between 1911-20.  It is noted as “piano actions”.

HEAVY MANUFACTURING

Dunlop Tire & Rubber Goods Co. Ltd.  It manufactured factory, bicycle & carriage tires, rubber mats, heels, and sundries.  The Dunlop Rubber Co. originated in Dublin, Ireland in 1889 and expanded to become one of the largest companies in Britain by 1930.  Beginning in 1912, the firm occupied nearly a dozen buildings in the study area, although before 1927, it was an independent local Dunlop company.  A 1916 advertisement listed its Head Office and Factories as being in Toronto with branches in fourteen other Canadian cities.  Most of the Dunlop buildings occupied the south portion of the triangle between Queen Street East, Booth Avenue, and the railway tracks.  The buildings were replaced by Jimmie Simpson Park.  Beginning in the early 1920s, the smaller structures on Busy Street were used for garage, storage, and machine shop purposes. They are still standing.

Canada Pattern Works  The 1959 City Directory states the company was located at 14 Verral Avenue.  It produced wood and metal patterns.

Flexible Shaft Co. Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the factory was located at 349 Carlaw Avenue between 1921-36.  The 1923 and 1930 City Directories list the company at 347-353 Carlaw Avenue  It produced steel sundries.

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Huston Oil  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 1160A Dundas Street East between 1920-39.

Ontario Gasoline & Oil  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the factory at 1160A Dundas Street East between 1935-39.

Toy Coal Co.  The 1921 City Directory lists the company at 307 Logan Avenue (Arthur Toy, living at 210 Pape Avenue, president).

York Engineering Co. Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the factory at 181 Carlaw Avenue between 1934-35. It was listed in the building at 181 Carlaw Avenue a year earlier in the 1933 City Directory.  It is listed as an exhibitor of “Coal Blowers and Stokers” at 1935 Canadian National Exhibition.

Sturgeon's Ltd.,  It was a paint manufacturer.  The company first appears at 330 Carlaw Avenue in 1933 City Directory.  References to the company were found online for 1928 and 1938.

Ferguson Tool Salvage Ltd.  The company first appears at 349-353 Carlaw Avenue in the 1932 City Directory.

PRODUCTS FOR BUSINESSES

Kent McClain Ltd.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 181 Carlaw Avenue between 1911-35.  It built showcases.  A 1997 U of T Doctoral thesis by Euthalia Lisa Panayotidis (found online) notes in 1929 that Peter Haworth, a stained glass artist and teacher at Central Technical School, Toronto, completed a stained glass project for the Kent McClain Ltd.  The Weston Public Library, built in 1914, has bookcases by this firm.

Diamond State Fibre Co. of Canada Ltd.  An advertisement in an 1908 trade journal online lists its “Head Office and Works: 235 Carlaw Avenue”. The advertisement is for “receptacles" including trunks, barrels, baskets, mill boxes -- all made from Diamond Fibre that "will not crack, dent, splinter or corrode”.

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix D Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

 The 1990 Leung et al report states the company made fibreboard at 235 Carlaw Avenue between 1922-27.  The 1923 City Directory business section notes it produced “hard, vulcanized in sheets, rods, tubes and special shapes”.

General Fireproofing Co.  It manufactured steel office furniture.  The 1990 Leung et al report states the company was located at 235 Carlaw Avenue between 1926-30,  An online court document from February 1937 indicates the firm had gone bankrupt.

McCaskey Systems Ltd.  It was a manufacturer of account registers.  The 1920 City Directory lists the company at 245 Carlaw Avenue.  An advertisement in an 1918 trade journal illustrates it specialized in filing boxes for keeping accounts.

Crown Cork & Seal Co.  It was a maker of bottle caps.  The firm was founded in Baltimore in 1892 when William Painter patented the “crown cork”.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 320 Carlaw Avenue between 1929-39.  A 1935 map shows the firm occupied the latter separate building 320-326 & 328 Carlaw Avenue  Today, multinational Crown Holdings Inc. makes various beverage containers and caps.  Pratt Food Co. of Canada Ltd.  It was a manufacturer of poultry feeds and supplies, stock goods and veterinary remedies.  The 1920 and 1930 City Directories listed the factory at 328 Carlaw Avenue  A 1925 newspaper advertisement for Pratt's Poultry Regulator says the product is guaranteed to makes hens lay more eggs.

Santoline Co.  It was a manufacturer of oil compounds.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 1160A Dundas Street East between 1935-39.  A online Ontario government document dated 1937-1938 notes payment to the firm for services under Automobile Supplies and Repairs to Buildings.

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MISCELLANEOUS OR UNKNOWN

Walker Lumber Co.  The company first appears at 358-388 Carlaw Avenue in 1932 City Directory. It is still there in the 1933 Directory.

George Oakley & Sons Ltd.  It was a stonecutting and marble works.  The 1990 Leung et al report lists the company at 355 Logan Avenue between 1925-39. The building may date to 1911.  The 1923 City Directory (but not 1920) lists Oakley marbleworks at 328 Carlaw Avenue.  The 1930 City Directory lists the firm’s “marble dept.” was located at 355-367 Logan Avenue. The alphabetical listing notes “cut stone” and an address at 278 Booth Avenue.  A 1935 property data map shows the George Oakley & Son stonecutting business occupying a complex of buildings at the top of the triangle, now Jimmy Simpson Park: 262-296 Booth Avenue. It was bound by railway tracks to west, Booth to east, and Dunlop Tire & Rubber complex to south.  The same map shows the marbleworks was located at 367 Logan Avenue and there was a 2-storey office building at 357 Logan Avenue, which seems to be Oakley's.  An online 1925 trade journal notes the firm cut the stone for the following structures: Indiana limestone for Memorial Arch, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario (architect John W. Lyle); Indiana limestone for Bank of Nova Scotia, Ottawa (John Lyle); and marble furnished by the Tompkins-Kiel Marble Co. for Elevator Hall in the new Toronto Union Station (architects Ross & MacDonald and John Lyle).  A 1935 University of Toronto report noted the firm donated “Queenston dolomite used in the new Museum building” [Royal Ontario Museum].

T. Eaton Co.  The 1920 Directory lists the company at 235-245 Carlaw Avenue with no mention of the product manufactured at the site.  The company may have been temporarily at this address since it is not listed in 1923 Directory.

Reliable Manufacturing Co. Ltd.  The company first appears at 405 Logan Avenue in 1930 City Directory.

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APPENDIX E: ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION & PHOTOGRAPHS OF PRINCIPAL DISTRICT BUILDINGS

Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 401 Logan Smart Bag Co.  building was designed in 1907 by Avenue Ltd.; Smart architect James Layrock Havill Woods Ltd.; and  dark brown brick /Woods Mfg. Co.  square tower at northwest corner Ltd. (1908-) extends approximately 3 storeys above main building with just one square window on each side where 3rd storey would be located  north wing, 2 storeys divided into bays with plain brick pilasters with sloped tops just below plain parapets with metal flashing

401 Logan Avenue

401 Logan Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 126 Pape Former Police  Designed by architect Robert Avenue Station No. 8; McCallum now Ambulance  Large cornice on the main (west) Included on Services Station elevation with dentils below a parapet the City of No. 43. wall with a date stone of 1907 and a Toronto panel with the name “Police Station”. Heritage  Edwardian style detailing, main Register as a cornice with dentils, slightly projecting listed centre bay with a substantial main property. entrance door with decorative transom set in a round opening; the door opening is accented by rusticated stone work with keystone, stone quoins and decorative detailing.  Stone window voussoirs with keystone and decorated stone sills  Stone quoins on corners

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 176 and 178 Residence  Brick, 2½ storey, semi-detached Pape Avenue houses of the Toronto Bay and Gable style built in 1883. Included on the City of Toronto Heritage Register as a municipally designated property.

Photograph Source: TOBuilt

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 80 Boston Wrigley Co. Ltd.,  one storey brick building set on a Avenue former fire station stone base course  a parapet wall with coping stone and a decorative panel noting “W.M. Wrigley Jr. Co.”.  decorative brick panels with rectangular cornerstones and a stone stringcourse with decorative stone elements denoting the three bays of the front elevation  central main entrance with sidelights and transom flanked by large industrial style glazed multi-pane window sashes on one side and a fire engine bay with a 3 panel door wood door with upper lights on the other side 87 Boston Avenue  c.1920

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 181 Carlaw Kent McClain  Edwardian Classicism Avenue Ltd. (1911-1935)  monochromatic red brick with plain pilasters Consolidated  front facade has light smooth stone Beverages Ltd. window and entrance trim (1936-1938)  trim suggests Gibbs surround (typical Edwardian Classicism) O’Keefe  cornice with modillions (possibly Beverage Ltd. metal) with dentils and plain frieze

below Bowes Co. Ltd.  shallow brick arches above side York Engineering windows Co. Ltd.  all fixed. windows not original; a few (unknown – multi-pane, windows at grade on side 1974) 181 Carlaw Avenue  exterior wall exposed inside #183: 181 Carlaw has large 8-unit stained glass window Avenue with KMC shield  c.1930s

181 Carlaw Avenue Stained Glass Window

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 183 Carlaw Not identified  3-storey monochromatic dark brown Avenue brick  ribbon windows  no ornament or other details  ground floor under construction  c.1960s

183 Carlaw Avenue 201 Carlaw Rolph, Clark, 201-213 Carlaw Avenue Avenue Stone Ltd.;  1913; architects Sproatt & Rolph Blackhall & Co.  central bay Edwardian Classicism. (1915); Included on  monochromatic red brick; light the City of Graphic coloured smooth stone moulded trim Toronto Calendar Co. around openings Heritage (1930);  2nd floor lintels straight, 1st floor Register Dominion arched Calendar &  4 fluted Corinthian pilasters Printing Co.  moulded stone cornice (1930); and Seedsman’s  "ghost" of Rolph Clark Stone sign Lithographic Co. visible just below cornice

Ltd. (1930).  wings extend 18 bays either side of

“Printing Factory centre

Lofts” 201 Carlaw Avenue  roof has angled metal elements

 south wing has entrance at end

trimmed in light coloured stone with Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 201 Carlaw curved pediment, enlarged keystone, Avenue arched opening and flanked by fluted abstracted Corinthian pilasters

201 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 233 Carlaw Garment Factory  4-storey brown brick base with light Avenue Lofts coloured smooth stone trim around openings  very wide rectangular openings in entrance; small almost-square openings at each end  4 glazed storeys above  Opened as a loft 2008

233 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 235-245 Wrigley Co. Ltd.;  235 is identical to 245 except the Carlaw The Canadian ground floor is red brick Avenue H.W. Gossard  the connected at 2nd floor by dark Co. Ltd. )1920) ; brown brick bridge with double multi- and T. Eaton Co. pane window; above is clad in green (1920). metal  the overall grid pattern with large 235 Carlaw metal-mullioned windows influenced Avenue by the Chicago Style

A.D. Shoup Co.  the moulded white (cast?) stone Ltd.; British entrance surround with short

American Wax entablature supported on diagonal Paper Co (1916- brackets 1929);  the entablature has blocks with star Blachford Shoe like pattern on them Manufacturing  the architrave has raised panel with Co. Ltd. (1930); WM. WRIGLEY JR. CO. in large Diamond State letters and LIMITED in smaller letters Fibre Co. of below; above, deep frieze has raised Canada Ltd. rectangular blocks (1908, 1922-27);  there are 5-storeys in dark brown and General brick and slightly raised pilaster-like 235 and 245 Carlaw Avenue, Wrigley Co. Ltd. (also known as Wrigley Fireproofing Co. vertical forms dividing into 7 bays (1926-1930) Building A & Wrigley Building B)  it has punched multi-pane windows

 sills and geometrical ornaments on 245 Carlaw spandrels are white (cast?) stone; the Avenue same stone for simple moulded

McCaskey cornice and parapet Systems Ltd. (1920); Dyment  the parapet has company name in black letters Ltd. (1925-1926);  the building extends east 2 bays then Delco Light Co. of Canada Ltd. has 5-storey dark brown brick wing

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 235-245 (1924-1926); with huge floor-to-ceiling multi-pane Carlaw A. Stein & Co.  the façade divided into grid with dark Avenue (1924-1929); brown brick and white tone bands Lambert between windows Pharmacol  a large brick vertical bay halfway (Canada) Ltd. towards the rear may be a staircase (1937-39); added when made into a residence T.E. O’Reilly  1 storey red brick wing extends 7 Prophylactic bays north from the main block

Brush Co. (1937- nd  235 and 245 are connected at the 2 1939); Blackford floor by dark brown brick bridge with

Shoe double multi-pane windows; a green Manufacturing metal sheeting above was added (1936-1939); 235 and 245 Carlaw Avenue when converted to residences Hammond Co. of Canada Ltd.; and

De Forest-

Crosley/Consolid ated Industries (1930).

235 Carlaw Avenue Entrance

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 235-245 Carlaw Avenue

245 Carlaw Avenue North Facade 260-326 Phillips 260-290 Carlaw Avenue Carlaw Manufacturing  2 storey building with dark brown Avenue Co.(1909-1939) brock and a smooth stone base  large loft-style openings between brick pilasters with sloped buttress- like tops just below roofline  entrance bay parapet rises above the rest of the roofline  multiple entrances and a loading bay  2nd storey windows appear to have metal sills 1st storey windows have stone sills

260 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 260-326 Carlaw Avenue

260-270 Carlaw Avenue

276 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 260-326 Carlaw Avenue

284 Carlaw Avenue

284 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 260-326 Carlaw Avenue c.1960s?

326 Carlaw Avenue North along Dundas Street East.

326 Carlaw Avenue North Building.

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 320-326 Crown Cork &  2-storey dark brown brick with smooth Carlaw Seal Co. stone base, sills and lintels at Avenue entrance and windows  well-proportioned window openings  plain brick pilasters with sloped buttress-like tops just below roofline  side of building has partial corbelled cornice  north building has some ribbon windows with stone sills & no other mouldings, angle at Carlaw Avenue and Dundas Street East intersection

326 Carlaw Ave North Along Dundas Street East 349 Carlaw J.M. Loose &  3-storey brick building with stucco Avenue Son Ltd. (1911- clad front 1920); Flexible Shaft Co. Ltd. (1921-1936); H. Leach & Co. (1937-1939); and Stanley Piano Co. (1921-1924).

349 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 358-388 358 Carlaw  front façade has plain brick walls, Carlaw Avenue various door and window openings on Avenue Walker Lumber first 2 floors and a ribbon window on Co. 3rd floor  north section of building appears to 388 Carlaw be a later addition with rectangular Avenue window openings on the first two storeys and ribbon window above and Jefferson Glass metal coping along roofline. Co. Ltd. (1915)  3-storey red brick rear façade with stone base and no openings on 3rd storey and plain brick pilasters that extend only 2 storeys  another part of rear of building is lower in height with large garage-style openings 388 Carlaw Avenue North Building

388 Carlaw Avenue North Building

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 358-388 Carlaw Avenue

388 Carlaw Avenue South Façade

388 Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 358-388 Carlaw Avenue

388 Carlaw Avenue Front 369 Carlaw Toronto Hydro  built by Toronto Hydroelectric System Avenue Station in 1916, south addition in 1924.  tall two storey brick building with a stone base course and water course that separates the ground floor and second floor  Round window and door openings with decorative stonework set in a regular rhythm between engaged brick pilasters,  flat roof and decorative cornice with dentils and paired brackets  rounded corner  multi-pane glazing in window sash  decorative entrance door with stone surround

Carlaw Avenue

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 4-10 Busy Toronto Pure 10 Busy Street Street Ginger Beer Co. . boomtown front gently arched lintels (1917) above windows and door transom

9 Busy Street

10 Busy Street

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 16-18 Busy Not identified 16 Busy Street Street  change in brick colour seems to indicate the 2nd storey was added later  above entrance, triple casement with raised panel wood spandrel below  arched windows on left may have been an entrance

18 Busy Street  left entrance has large arch above; possibly once wide entrance

16 Busy Street

18 Busy Street

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 14 Verral Walker Knit  plain rectangular building with short Avenue Hosiery (1948); end on street. Anglo Knit Ltd.  painted brick with 5 rows of reveal on (1949); Wool first floor Craft Mills (1950-  side entrance and large loft-style 1951; Canada windows on front and north side. Patterns Works large multi-pane industrial-style (1959). windows

14 Verral Avenue Front 1032-1038 Not identified 1032-34 Dundas Street East Dundas  red brick 3-storey featureless Street East building.

1036-38 Dundas Street East  stack-bond salmon-coloured block  unknown date of constriction

1032-1038 Dundas Street East

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix E Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Address Company Digital Image Architectural Description Name 1135 Dundas Canada Starch  plain exterior for the time period Street East Co. Ltd. (Edwardian, per City); influence of Chicago Style Date 1910  dark brown brick with plain brick Included on pilasters the City of  Dundas Street facade blank wall with Toronto no openings Heritage  other sides 3 storeys with large multi- Register as pane metal frame windows with brick listed lintels and sills property.  north bay of west facade has brick arches indicating now-blocked openings  10.7 m tall mural north elevation by 1135 Dundas Street East North West Facade Herakut (non de plume of German graffiti artists Hera and her partner,

Akut)

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APPENDIX F: HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF DISTRICT

Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix F Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Boston Avenue 1919, Wrigley Entrance

1930

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix F Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Carlaw Avenue from Natalie Street After Widening, 1946

1930

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APPENDIX G: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH 1947

Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix G Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

Aerial Photo of the Study Area [TA, Series 12, Aerial Photographs of the Metropolitan Toronto Area, 1947]

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix G Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

2005 Aerial Photo of the Study Area

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix G Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

2012 Aerial Photo of the Study Area

Unterman McPhail Associates March 2016 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Analysis Report: Carlaw and Dundas District Landscape and Appendix G Public Realm Improvements, City of Toronto, Ontario

2014 Aerial Photo of the Study Area

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