Masaryk University Faculty of Arts
Department of English and American Studies
English Language and Literature
Bc. Jana Vaverková
Accents of English in Czech Dubbing Master‘s Diploma Thesis
Supervisor: PhDr. KateřinaTomková, Ph.D.
2018
I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography.
……………………………………………..
Author‘s signature
I would like to thank to my supervisor, PhDr. KateřinaTomková, Ph.D., for valuable pieces of advice not
only with my diploma thesis and also to my family for their never ending support and love.
Table of Contents
List of Tables ...... 8 Introduction ...... 9 1 Accents of English ...... 12 1.1 What Is an Accent ...... 12
1.2 General British and General American ...... 13
1.2.1 Received Pronunciation and General British ...... 13
1.2.2 General American ...... 15
1.2.3 Difference between General British and General American ...... 16
1.3 Non-Native Accents of English ...... 16
1.3.1 Indian Accent of English ...... 17
1.3.2 Spanish Accent of English as spoken in Latin America ...... 18
1.3.3 Polish Accent of English ...... 20
1.3.4 Ukrainian Accent of English ...... 22
1.3.5 Russian Accent of English ...... 23
2 Dubbing ...... 25 2.1 Dubbing policies around the world ...... 25
2.1.1 History ...... 25
2.1.1.1 Dubbing ...... 26
2.1.1.2 Voiceover ...... 26
2.1.1.3 Subtitles ...... 26
2.2 The Czech Dubbing Art ...... 27
2.2.1 History of the Czech Dubbing Art ...... 27
2.2.2 The Czech Dubbing Art Crisis ...... 28
2.2.3 Dual Broadcasting System ...... 29
2.2.4 The František Filipovský Award ...... 30
2.3 Dubbing versus subtitles ...... 30
2.3.1 Dubbing – Advantages ...... 31
2.3.2 Dubbing – Disadvantages ...... 31
2.3.3 Subtitles – Advantages ...... 32
2.3.4 Subtitles –Disadvantages ...... 32
2.3.5 Dubbing Versus Subtitles – Summary ...... 33
3 Material Analysed ...... 34 3.1 The Big Bang Theory and Raj Koothrappali ...... 34
3.2 Modern Family and Gloria Pritchett ...... 35
3.3 2 Broke Girls and Sophie Kachinski and Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky ...... 35
3.4 Arrow and Anatoly Knyazev ...... 36
4 Accents and Their Dubbed Czech Representations − The Research Chapter ... 38 4.1 Raj Koothrappali from The Big Bang Theory ...... 39
4.1.1 Raj Koothrappali − His Accent ...... 39
4.1.1.1 About Kunal Nayyar and His Accent ...... 39
4.1.1.2 Raj Koothrappali − Accent analysis ...... 39
4.1.2 Raj Koothrappali − the Czech Dubbing Performance ...... 41
4.1.3 Raj Koothrappali – References to the Accent ...... 42
4.1.4 Raj Koothrappali – Analysis Result ...... 45
4.1.5 Raj Koothrappali – the Author‘s Proposal ...... 45
4.2 Gloria Pritchett from Modern Family ...... 46
4.2.1 Gloria Pritchett − Her Accent ...... 46
4.2.1.1 About Sofía Vergara and Her Accent ...... 46
4.2.1.2 Gloria Pritchett − Accent analysis ...... 47
4.2.2 Gloria Pritchett − the Czech Dubbing Performance ...... 48
4.2.3 Gloria Pritchett − References to the Accent ...... 49
4.2.4 Gloria Pritchett − Analysis result...... 55
4.2.5 Gloria Pritchett – The Author‘s Proposal ...... 56
4.3 Sophie Kachinski and Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky from 2 Broke Girls ...... 56
4.3.1 Sophie Kachinski − Her accent ...... 56
4.3.1.1 About Jennifer Coolidge and Her Accent ...... 56
4.3.1.2 Sophie Kachinski – Accent Analysis ...... 57
4.3.2 Sophie Kachinski − the Czech Dubbing Performance...... 58
4.3.3 Sophie Kachinski − References to the Accent ...... 59
4.3.4 Sophie Kachinski – Analysis result ...... 61
4.3.5 Sophie Kachinski − the Author‘s Proposal ...... 61
4.3.6 Sophie Kachinski − Reception of the Accent ...... 62
4.3.7 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky and His Accent ...... 64
4.3.7.1 About Jonathan Kite and His Accent ...... 64
4.3.7.2 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky – Accent Analysis ...... 64
4.3.8 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky − the Czech Dubbing Performance ...... 66
4.3.9 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky − References to the Accent ...... 66
4.3.10 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky – Analysis Result ...... 67
4.3.11 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky – the Author‗s Proposal ...... 67
4.3.12 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky − Reception of the Accent ...... 67
4.4 Anatoly Knyazev from Arrow ...... 68
4.4.1 Anatoly Knyazev − His Accent ...... 68
4.4.1.1 About David Nykl and His Accent ...... 68
4.4.1.2 Anatoly Knyazev – Accent Analysis ...... 69
4.4.2 Anatoly Knyazev − the Czech Dubbing Performance ...... 70
4.4.3 Anatoly Knyazev − References to the Accent ...... 70
4.4.4 Anatoly Knyazev – Analysis result ...... 71
4.4.5 Anatoly Knyazev – The Author‘s Proposal ...... 71
4.4.6 Anatoly Knyazev − Reception of the Accent ...... 72
Conclusion ...... 73 Sources ...... 76 Works Cited ...... 78 Summary in English ...... 87 Summary in Czech ...... 88 Appendix: Transcript of a Scene Analysed ...... 89
List of Tables
Table 1 − The Main Differences Between GB and GA (Cruttenden, 2014)...... 16
Table 2 − Indian Accent of English (Wells, 1999, pp. 625 – 632 ) ...... 18
Table 3 − Spanish Accent of English (Hudson, 2013b) ...... 19
Table 4 – Polish Accent of English (Hudson, 2013a) ...... 21
Table 5 – Ukrainian Accent of English (Trocjuka, 2012) ...... 23
Table 6 – Russian Accent of English (Hudson, 2015) ...... 24
Introduction
When Czech viewers turn on their televisions, almost everything they watch is in
Czech, their native language. The majority of films, documentaries, TV shows get dubbed (translated) for comfortable watching. As a fan of American TV shows I have been curious for a long time to see how my favourite characters who speak with interesting accents sound in Czech. Therefore, the main topic of this diploma thesis is accents of English and their dubbing. Five characters from four different American TV shows have been chosen, their accents and their Czech dubbed versions have been analysed. The first three TV shows are situational comedies (sitcoms) whereas the genre of the fourth one is action, adventure and crime. The first three ones are The Big Bang
Theory, Modern Family and 2 Broke Girls. Raj Koothrappali from The Big Bang Theory has an Indian accent, Gloria Pritchett from Modern Family speaks with a Spanish accent from Latin America, Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky from 2 Broke Girls uses Ukrainian accent and Sophie Kachinski from the same TV show has a Polish accent. The TV show from a different genre, Arrow, includes a character called Anatoly Knyazev, who talks with a Russian accent. The reason for choosing this character is the actor‘s Czech origin.
The diploma thesis is divided into four chapters. Three chapters are theoretical and the fourth chapter deals with the research. The first chapter deals with the description of standard English accents and those analysed in the present thesis. It briefly mentions
GB, General British, and GA, General American. Then it deals with the accents that are later analysed in the research chapter. The accents are first described generally and then differences from the standard are mentioned.
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Afterwards, the second chapter is dedicated to dubbing policies in general. The situation in countries all over the world is mentioned and then, the Czech dubbing art in particular is focused on. Regarding the Czech dubbing art, its history and present situation along with the crisis in the Czech dubbing art is specified. One subchapter is also dedicated to the topic of dubbing versus subtitles.
In the third chapter, the TV shows chosen for research are briefly introduced; their basic plot with main characters.
The analytical chapter consists of the analysis of the characters from selected TV shows. For each character, the accent is introduced. First, the accent is briefly analysed in comparison with the standard, which differences from the standard thanks to the accent occur and then, a research is carried out to reveal the authenticity of the accent and the actor‘s or actress‘s comments. If it is authentic, the background of the actor or actress is introduced and if it has been ―put on‖ for the sitcom, a subchapter is dedicated to how they manage to perform it and what helps them. Then, the dubbing performance itself is analysed.
The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out exactly whether the Czech dubbing art includes these accents or not. Another goal is to observe how the scenes in which the accents are referred to are handled and to study their consistency. The following conclusion summarizes the findings and provides an insight into the way these accents are dealt with.
The expectation is that the Czech dubbing art does not include the original accents and if it does, it is the case of accents that belong to the group of Slavic languages, thus to the group to which the Czech language also belongs and it should not be difficult for a Czech dubbing actor/actress to imitate it. These accents include Polish, Russian and
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Ukrainian. The accents that are not expected to be reflected in the Czech language are
Indian and Spanish.
To be able to look deep into this topic, valuable sources have provided me with necessary insight into this particular area. Alan Cruttenden‘s Gimson‟s Pronunciation of
English, Sylva Talpová‘s book Kapitoly o dabingu (Chapters on Dubbing), Wells‘s
Accents of English have all been utilized as a relevant background for this thesis.
Moreover, the four TV shows, the episodes of which have served as important primary sources, must not be omitted. Two bachelor theses (Czech and Polish Pronunciation of
English by Zuzana Palátová and English as pronounced in Spain and Latin America by
Martin Hudoba) have helped get a better understanding of accents of English, in particular the Polish and Spanish accent (as spoken in Latin America).
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1 Accents of English
The first theoretical chapter, Accents of English, will deal with accents of English in general. It will introduce the term accent and the standard varieties, General British
(GB) and General American (GA), along with their characteristics. Afterwards, it will discuss the accents that are spoken by the five selected characters from the four selected
TV shows. The accents are Indian, Russian, Polish, Ukrainian and Spanish accent as spoken in Latin America. They will be approached separately and possible differences of the accents from the standard will be discussed.
1.1 What Is an Accent
Two meanings of an accent have been found.
Cruttenden says, ―The syllable or syllables of a word which stand out from the remainder are said to be accented, to receive an ACCENT‖ (Cruttenden, 2008, p. 242).
The pattern of accents in English is fixed, the accent always has its place while pronouncing a word, but also free, the main one can be placed on any point in the chain of various syllables, unlike the accent in other languages, e. g. Czech, French. In
English, the accent of some words occurs on the first syllable (words as finish, answer, etc.), the accent of other words on the second syllable (words as behind, result, etc.) and also on the third syllable (words as understand, etc.) or later in some words (words as palatalization) (Cruttenden, 2008, p. 242).
But there is also another meaning of the word. It concerns the way we speak:
The important thing about an accent is that it is something you hear: the accent you
speak with concerns purely the sound you make when you talk, your pronunciation.
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Since everybody has a pronunciation of their language, everybody has an accent
(Bauer, 2012, p. 2).
If someone says that a person does not have an accent, it means that the person probably speaks how he/she is expected to speak according to the standard (Bauer,
2012, p. 3). The latter meaning of an accent is analysed in the research chapter.
1.2 General British and General American
To establish a model for the differences in accents, General British (henceforth GB) and General American (henceforth GA) need to be introduced. General British
(previously called Received Pronunciation, henceforth RP) is a standard variety in The
United Kingdom while General American serves as a standard variety in The United
States.
1.2.1 Received Pronunciation and General British
According to The New Fowler‟s Modern English Usage, RP and received standard are ―names given to the form of speech associated with educated speakers in the southern counties of England and used as a model for teaching English to foreign learners‖ (Burchfield, 2000, p. 656). It changes from generation to generation and it is not a local dialect anymore, it is rather a class-dialect. There are other terms for RP, such as received standard, BBC English, Oxford English, the Queen‘s English and
Public School English. It is spoken by 3-4% population of Britain (Burchfield, 2000, pp.
656 – 657). According to Cruttenden (2014), the adjective ―received‖ in Received
Pronunciation is used only a little nowadays in phrases such as ―received wisdom‖ or
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―received opinion‖. It was used widely in the past, even before the Shakespearean times
(p. 76).
The first time it was used with reference to pronunciation was 1971. That year,
Walker ―uses it with reference to the pronunciation of words to be transcribed in his dictionary‖ (Cruttenden, 2014, p. 76).
During the time from 1920 to 1960, the term RP was used for the pronunciation of
British English. Later, a new term appeared. It was ―Modern RP‖. Modern RP with a mixture of regional features is nowadays referred to as Regional General British (RGB) and if the features from speech around London are added, it is called Estuary English.
(Cruttenden, 2014, p. 78).
The term RP is still alive. However, Cruttenden states:
it remains true that many people, laymen, linguists and phoneticians, object to the
term in a variety ways: either it is posh, it is an imposed standard, it is too regionally
limited, or it is outdated (2014, pp. 78 − 79).
Similarly, Burchfield mentions that many other English varieties call RP posh, la-di-dah or very English, either in admiration or in the opposite meaning (2000, p. 657).
The currently preferred term for RP is General British, GB, which is a parallel to
General American, GA. It was first used in 1972 in a publication by Windsor Lewis
(Cruttenden, 2014, p. 80). The Speech Internet Dictionary now defines GB as:
The British accent whose varieties are least associated with any specific areas of
Great Britain. It is the most frequent model employed in the teaching of British
English as an additional language. It is also known by various other names including
BBC English, and Southern (Standard) British English and very widely but
decreasingly often Received Pronunciation (2016).
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1.2.2 General American
Regarding General American, William R. Van Riper provides a rather longer definition:
General American has been used to designate a regional type of American English,
a type of American English which transcends all American regional boundaries, a
variously constituted body of speech features of American English found in the
speech of the great majority of Americans and a set of American dialects which,
perhaps by definition, share certain features under discussion, but which are
represented by the speech of one person, a small number of person, or by a
generalized study (1986, p. 123)
Similarly, The Speech Internet Dictionary defines GA as:
the American accent whose varieties are least associated with any specific areas of
the United States. It is the most frequent model employed in the teaching of
American English as an additional language. It is also sometimes known as Network
English, Newscasters‘ English or Standard American (Pronunciation).
Therefore, since the pronunciation of English in the United States varies and can be divided into Easter, Southern and General, the term General American can be perceived as a form without any regional characteristics. (Cruttenden, 2014, p. 87).
Cruttenden adds that it is sometimes called ―Network English‖. General American also serves as a model for pronunciation of English in some parts of Asia, e.g. the
Philippines, and Latin America, e.g. Mexico (2014, p. 87).
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1.2.3 Difference between General British and General American
Cruttenden (2014) mentions the differences between GB and GA. The main differences are listed in the following table:
Table 1 − The Main Differences Between GB and GA (Cruttenden, 2014) GB GA diphthongs /ɪə/, /ʊə/ (has not present, sequence of vowels plus /r/ merged with /ɔ:/) and the present instead, e.g. beard, sure, fare (/bɪrd/, / long vowel /ɛ:/, formerly ʃʊr/, /fer/) /ɛə/ rhoticity non-rhotic rhotic not present, mostly /ɑ:/ (e.g. cod, spot, pocket, bottle) and also /ɔ:/ (across, /ɒ/ present gone, often, cough, orange, porridge) instead long back /ɑ:/ and /ɑ/ before front /a/ (/past/, /aftər/, /plant/) or raised /ɑ:/ (/pɑ:st/, a voiceless fricative or a to /eə/ (American raising) /ɑ:ftə/, /plɑ:nt/) nasal long mixed vowel /ɜ:/ present rhoticized /ɜ/
yod yod yod dropping coalescence
A lot of the differences between GA and GB are also connected to the position of tongue and its movement (Cruttenden, 2014, p. 87 – 88).
1.3 Non-Native Accents of English
In the following section of this thesis, the accents that are used by the characters chosen for the research will be described: Indian, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian and
Russian. As an additional source to the previously mentioned ones, the online source
Pronunciation studio (which can be found at https://pronunciationstudio.com) has been found very useful. The goal of this website is ―developing courses and materials
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designed specifically for the needs of those looking to make their spoken English clear and confident using a British accent model‖ (―About‖, n. d.). Even though the
Pronunciation studio mostly works with the British model of English, the analytical part will mention the differences from both GB and GA if necessary, as the characters in the
TV shows live in America and are surrounded by people speaking American English.
Each difference (or as the Pronunciation Studio calls them errors) is provided with examples and audio recordings.
1.3.1 Indian Accent of English
―The label ‗South Asian English‘ is a cover term for English in India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives,‖ (Hickey, 2011, p. 536). This part will deal with the English language in India. The situation in India is following:
Modern India, Hindi Bharat, is officially the Republic of India and a federal
democracy with a large number of languages spoken. Of these eighteen are
officially recognised languages, including Telugu, Bengali, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu
and Gujarati. The constitution specifies that Hindi, spoken by about 39 per cent of
the population, is the official language of the country, with English an associate
language for many official purposes (Hickey, 2011, p. 541).
Therefore, the two main languages in India are Hindi and English. There are British public schools in India, where Indian people speak English and their accents are RP. On the other hand, there are those who have a good knowledge of English but their accent is so strong that they are not easily understood by English people. Between these two opposites, there are two other groups. First, it is the group with Anglo-Indian accent.
For them, English is the first language. The other group are the Indians which speak
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English as their second language. It is the educated class. Their first language is Hindi or some other language spoken in India (Wells, 1999, p. 624).
According to Wells (1999), Indian English is systematically identical with RP but it differs in the way it realizes particular phonemes (pp. 624 – 625). In the first column of the following table, the area of the differences is indicated while the second column contains differences in pronunciation of English with Indian Accent.
Table 2 − Indian Accent of English (Wells, 1999, pp. 625 – 632 )
Aspirated: /p/,/t/,/k/ Non aspirated /p/, /t/ and /k/ dental fricatives /θ/and /ð/ pronounced as plosives
/l/ clear in every position
/v/ and /w/ distinguished but /w/ as an approximant face, goat monophthongs /e:/ and /o:/
/ɒ/ and /ɔ:/ closer quality
/æ/ opener quality vowel in happy close /i:/
/s/ in loose /z/ in loose intonation and stress incorrect
These have been some of the common mistakes in the Indian pronunciation of English.
They are not the same all over India, there are many varieties according to the region.
Each variety is different from the other (Wells, 1999, pp. 625 – 632).
1.3.2 Spanish Accent of English as spoken in Latin America
Spanish is spoken in countries all over the world, such as Spain, Colombia,
Argentine, Brazil. First, the Pronunciation studio focuses on the differences of the
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pronunciation made by Spanish people in general. It lists ten of them and they are included in the following table:
Table 3 − Spanish Accent of English (Hudson, 2013b) one high front vowel [i] − hit / heat /a/ in different positions − hut / hat / heart /u/ instead of both /uː/ and /ʊ/ - /uː/ food, soon, new - /ʊ/ good, cook, put Vowel Sound Positions mispronunciation of /ɜː/ - ‗ir‘ bird, shirt, sir - ‗or‘ worse, worth, world - ‗ur‘ hurt, turn, burn - ‗er/ear‘ prefer, heard, early Stressing every syllable Weak Vowel: schwa /ə/ - about, tighten, lentil, today, column Tapping or trilling the tongue for /r/ and always pronouncing it /r/, silent < r > - rock, red, arrow, try - work, court, her, pour, father /v/ as plosive /b/ or an approximant /v/ vs. /b/ - Next vacation I‘d love to visit the river. /ʃ/ sounds more like /s/ /ʃ/ vs /s/ - push sharp fashion /h/ as velar fricative - horse heavy ahead /h/ & silent < h > non silent /h/ - I must have forgotten it. What‘s her name? Non aspirated /p/, /t/ and /k/ Aspirated: /p/,/t/,/k/ - Park the car in town. Devoicing (/d/=/t/, /b/=/p/, /v/=/f/) - bad, cod, job, love Voicing Voiceless /s/ at the end of syllables - cheese, was, news, lose Stressing of every syllable Sentence Stress - I‘d like to have a look at the report. - What do you think about the weather? The use of rising tones - It‘s very ↘good. Falling Intonation - Do you fancy going for a ↘drink tonight?
For Spanish spoken in Latin America, Martin Hudoba‘s diploma thesis, English as pronounced in Spain and Latin America , has been studied. He has reached a conclusion 19
that the differences from the standard are usually not influenced by their origin. They are usually the same in Spain and Latin America. According to him, pronouncing vocals is the most difficult area for Spanish speakers. They also find difficult pronouncing consonants such as /dʒ/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/ and /z/. He also mentions stress as one of the features that could cause difficulty, however, he concludes that it is not as difficult for Spanish speakers as other features (50).
To conclude, the research chapter will base the research on the differences listed by the Pronunciation Studio.
1.3.3 Polish Accent of English
Polish is the official language of Poland. Polish language belongs to the group of
Slavic languages. The Pronunciation studio lists the pronunciation differences that have been put into the following table. The audio recordings of the differences are provided.
They have been listed by a teacher who speaks British English and again, as mentioned above, British English serves as the model. The first column contains the area of these differences and the second column contains the pronunciation differences of Polish people together with examples.
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Table 4 – Polish Accent of English (Hudson, 2013a)
Replacing of - ‗th‘ with /θ/ /th/ - /ð/ with /f/ and /d/ I think there‘s three of them. Rolled /r/ in Polish (smooth in English) - train three dry crash /r/ Non-silent /r/ at the end of syllables - burn, third, cart, her
Not moving consonants to the next word starting with a Consonant / Vowel joining syllable Devoicing of the final consonants Voiced endings - bed, cab, rag, love Non aspirated /p/, /t/ and /k/ Aspiration -park, came, time /a/ instead of /æ/ /ʌ/ /ɑ:/ Short Vowels /æ/ /ʌ/ /ɑ:/ - hat, hut, heart Using /n/ and adding /k/ -ing Endings I was walking, talking & singing. Mispronunciation and over stressing /ʊ/ Diphthongs Don‘t go so slowly. How now brown mouse? Only one pronunciation instead of different pronunciations in English are - Are you ok? - Where are you going? - They aren’t here. Only two pronunciations instead of different pronunciations in English: - got /ɒ/ - do /u:/ - go /əʊ/ ‗o‘ - pork /ɔ:/ - gold /ɒʊ/ - wolf /ʊ/ - today /ə/ - women /ɪ/
Zuzana Palátová‘s bachelor thesis has also served as a helpful source. In her thesis, she has approached the Czech and Polish pronunciation of English. She has come to the conclusion that Polish people struggle the most with the lengths of syllables since the
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Polish language does not contain long syllables. They also confuse their sounds /tʂ/,
/dʐ/, /ʂ/, /x/, /ɲ/, /ɕ/, /c/ with English sounds. They do not struggle very much with placing word stresses since stresses in Polish are always either on the third, fourth or penultimate syllable from the end (p. 52).
1.3.4 Ukrainian Accent of English
In Ukraine, the official language is Ukrainian. It also belongs among the group of
Slavic languages. Unfortunately, the Pronunciation studio does not deal with the
Ukrainian accent. Most of the online articles found focus primarily on the Russian accent. According to Conor Clyne, a teacher who is proficient in more than 10 languages1,
many consider Russian and Ukrainian to be very similar languages. However,
Russian people usually don‘t understand pure Ukrainian. So while Russian and
Ukrainian have impacted each other during the times of Russian Empire and the
Soviet Union, there is still clearly a big difference that makes mutual comprehension
difficult (n. d.).
Unfortunately, no other sources dealing with the Ukrainian accent could be found except for the presentation that has been created by another English teacher, Kristine
Trocjuka. The following table is based on it:
1 Retrieved from http://languagetsar.com/about-me/
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Table 5 – Ukrainian Accent of English (Trocjuka, 2012) as in then / den, breathing / breeding, /ð/ and /d/ seethe / seed
as in sing / thing, faceless / faithless, /s/ and voiceless /th/ bass / bath
as in wine / vine, rowing / roving, /w/ and /v/ row /rove thinking pronounced as sinking fading /r/ here as /hie/
/æ/ pronounced as /e/
/i:/ pronounced as /i/
1.3.5 Russian Accent of English
Russian language is the official language of Russia. Just as the previously mentioned languages, Ukrainian and Polish, Russian belongs to the Slavic languages. Vlada
Koroleva, a Russian teacher, says:
The thing is − the so called ―articulation bases‖, that is, the way the sounds are
formed in your mouth, are completely different in English and Russian. So it is
difficult for an English native speaker to acquire a good accent in Russian, and the
other way round (2013).
When Russian people speak English, the differences from the English standard are very likely to occur. According to the Pronunciation studio, Russian speakers pronounce English with the following differences from the British English standard:
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Table 6 – Russian Accent of English (Hudson, 2015)
replacement of /ʌ/ and /ɑː/ with Russian /a/ - heart hut, barn bun, cart cut replacement of /æ/ with /ɛ/ - man men, pat pet, sand send Vowel Sounds /i/ for /ɪ/ and /iː/ - feet fit, read rid, scene sin Mispronunciation of /u:/ and /ʊ/ - look loop, should shooed, book boot Replacement of /əʊ/ with /o/ - go, alone, don‘t Double (diphthong) Vowel Sounds replacement of /eɪ/ with /ɛ/ - play, take, main Clear /l/ - love, lose, allow Trilling the tongue for /r/ and always pronouncing it Approximant Consonants /l/, /r/ & /w/ - right, round, arrow - Park mother‘s car there. No distinction between /w/ and /v/ - very, lavish - wild, walk Pronunciation in the mouth (/x/) - how, happy, harry Fricative Consonants /h/ &
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2 Dubbing
The second chapter of this thesis will focus on the dubbing policies, first in countries all around the world (for example in France, Russia, . . .) and then in the Czech
Republic. The history of the dubbing art will be mentioned and the following introduction of the Czech dubbing policies will contain its history, the current crisis and dual broadcasting. Then, the František Filipovský Award will be mentioned.
A chapter is also dedicated to the question whether to use dubbing or subtitles. The advantages and disadvantages of subtitles and dubbing are briefly introduced.
Sylva Talpová‘s book Kapitoly o dabingu (Chapters on Dubbing) has become one of the most valuable sources for the introduction of the dubbing art. Sylva Talpová is devoted to radio and dubbing production and also teaches dubbing acting (―TALPOVÁ
Sylva,‖ n. d.). Dabing, ano i ne (Dubbing, Yes and No) written by Oldřich Kautský has also served as an important source along with online articles dealing with this topic.
2.1 Dubbing policies around the world
2.1.1 History
At first, different language versions of the same films were created in America. Not many actors spoke different languages, though, and the expenses for European actors were too high. (Talpová, 2013, p. 8). One of the movies that was produced in multiple languages was ―Anna Christie‖ with Greta Garbo as the starring role. The versions created were German, Swedish and American and the expenses were disproportionately high (Bajerová, Škvorová & Tomíček, n. d.).
The first attempt for a dubbing performance occurred before World War II.
Afterwards, multiple efforts to make other films available to foreign viewers and for 25
comfortable watching occurred. Europe then divided into two parts; one that uses the dubbing art and the other one that uses subtitles (Talpová, 2013, pp. 9 − 10).
2.1.1.1 Dubbing
Not only European countries use the dubbing art. Many countries around the world do as well. Altogether, they are Brazil, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Austria,
Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey and Hungary (where voiceover is also used). Some countries are divided into two parts. For example, in Canada, the
French part prefers the dubbing art while the English part uses subtitles. Germany produces the greatest amount of dubbed films while the dubbing art is most popular in
Austria. Sometimes, two dubbed versions of the same language exist, for example the
French version in France and the French version in Québec (Talpová, 2013, p. 36).
2.1.1.2 Voiceover
Another option for making a film comprehendible in a foreign country is voiceover.
Poland, Latvia, Georgia and Lithuania use this option. The original sound is partly suppressed and another voice reads over it. One voice or two voices (male and female) are usually utilized. This is, however, inacceptable for some countries, such as the
Czech Republic (Talpová, 2013, p. 37).
Even Czech films have been voiced over. According to the Czech Movie Database, the most famous Czech fairytale Tři oříšky pro Popelku is broadcasted every year in
Norway at Christmas time with a voiceover spoken by Knut Risan (M.B, n.d.).
2.1.1.3 Subtitles
Using subtitles is an option that prevails in the northern European countries, The
United Kingdom, Ireland, Romania, Greece, states of former Yugoslavia, states of
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former Soviet Union and Portugal. Ninety-five to ninety-seven percent of films are subtitled. The rest is films for children and they are dubbed (Talpová, 2013, p. 37).
The United States is another country that uses subtitles or remakes the movies into
American versions (Bajerová, Škvorová & Tomíček, n. d.).
2.2 The Czech Dubbing Art
This chapter will deal with the Czech dubbing art. It will introduce its history, its current crisis, the dual broadcasting situation and the František Filipovský Award.
2.2.1 History of the Czech Dubbing Art
The first dubbed film was made in 1933 in the Czechoslovakia. It was Trailing the
Killer by H. C. Raymaker. Miroslav Gerbert was the main person behind it; he translated the film and dubbed most of the roles himself. At that time, the result was imperfect. The only movie that was dubbed during the World War II was Disney‘s
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Bajerová, Škvorová, & Tomíček, n. d.). According to the Czech Move Database, two Czech versions of the movie exist. The version from
1938 and another one from 1970. The first version was considered lost until it was found again in 2014. (L_O_U_S., n. d.)
The first studio for editing foreign movies was founded in 1949. At the turn of the fifties and sixties, the Czech dubbing art was in its ―golden age‖. Many great translators, directors and theatre actors participated in the production of the dubbing performances.
Another studio dealing with the dubbing art started in 1963 in Brno. Until 1996, the dubbing studio in Brno was going through its famous era. In the course of 1977 – 1988 four dubbing studios in the Czechoslovakia existed − in Prague, Brno, Bratislava and
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Košice. These studios cooperated together and the Czech dubbing art was considered to be of its highest quality (Talpová, 2013, pp. 11 − 12).
After the year of 1990, a lot of other dubbing studios were being founded. The quality of their work was different. The famous studio in Brno was cancelled and private studios started to appear. Despite the troubles in the production of the Czech dubbing art, Sylva Talpová hopes that it still has and will have a special position since viewers do not have such high demands for the quality of the dubbing performances in other countries. She adds that it is necessary for the creators of the dubbing performances to try and work hard on improving the conditions for the production of the dubbing art. (Talpová, 2013, p. 13)
2.2.2 The Czech Dubbing Art Crisis
In 2014, Herecká asociace (The Association of Actors) decided that Czech actors will be represented by the ManpowerGroup agency due to the previous expression of dissatisfaction with lowering of budgets. The agency wanted to assure the actors who signed their contract that they would be paid not per hour spent on the process of the dubbing performance but per number of their lines. Until May 2014, one hundred and thirty actors signed the contract and afterwards, the agency was negotiating with dubbing studios. Most studios refused such conditions and had to start recasting actors in their roles. This situation have not affected only the dubbing performances made by the Česká televize company (Dabingforum.cz, 2014)
Some of the Czech actors expressed their feelings towards the situation. For example, Valerie Zawadská said that she wanted a normal reward for a job that she did not feel ashamed of. Jaromír Meduna mentioned that recently, the art of acting is disappearing from the dubbing art and that requirements for this art are basically zero. 28
Apart from Česká televize, another studio that agreed to the new conditions was Studio
Virtual. The director of this studio said that he cares about the quality and that even a
South American soap opera deserves a quality dubbing performance (ČTK, 2015).
In the interview with Krajské listy from 2016, one of the Czech dubbing actors,
Bohdan Tůma, who did not request these better conditions, mentions that the production of the Czech dubbing art did not cease, despite the fact that some of the actors lost their jobs. On the contrary, the actors now keep coming back to their previous occupations and the preceding protests did not change the situation very much (Kolouchová, 2016).
Some of the selected TV shows were affected by this crisis. It will be mentioned in the research chapter.
2.2.3 Dual Broadcasting System
Nowadays, it is possible in the Czech Republic to watch selected programmes with its original sound, for example, Česká televize has been offering this option from 2011.
Martin Fridrich, the director of the Česká televize programme, talks about the situation in the interview with iRozhlas. He says that in the course of the last five years, the number of programmes with hidden subtitles have increased twofold. However, they can only be watched by those who received a signal via a satellite, which is a problem since fifty-five percent of households use terrestrial broadcasting. Due to technical reasons, it is not possible to transfer the track through this type of broadcasting (Dudek,
2017). Until 2021, the terrestrial broadcasting in the Czech Republic is supposed to transfer to DVB-T2 which will allow the possibility of the dual broadcasting system
(Hýř & Urban, 2017).
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2.2.4 The František Filipovský Award
The Czech dubbing art has gained the recognition and appraisal from both experts and viewers. Not many years ago, an idea was born, to award the creators of the dubbing art every year with the František Filipovský Award (Bajerová, Škvorová, &
Tomíček, n.d.)
The František Filipovský Award festival took place in 1995 for the first time in
Přelouč, the birth place of František Filipovský. František Filipovský was a Czech actor and a dubbing actor. He lent his voice to the French actor, Louis de Funès (―František
Filipovský,‖ n. d.). His particular performances were very popular and even Louis de
Funès himself said that he would want to have such voice as František Filipovský
(Mitchy1, n.d.).
The festival is held every year and Czech dubbing actors are awarded for their impressive work in several categories such as best male performance, best female performance, lifelong acting mastery in dubbing (―Kategorie udělovaných cen,‖ n. d.).
2.3 Dubbing versus subtitles
As mentioned above, television viewers can watch foreign movies either with subtitles, voiceover or in their dubbed versions. When they are watched with subtitles, the audience can hear the original sound. Dubbed versions replace the original sound and voiceover is a technique where a voice speaks over the original sound, which can be heard as well. Since this thesis deals mainly with the original sound and the dubbing performances, this chapter will deal with the advantages and disadvantages of the dubbing art and subtitles in particular.
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2.3.1 Dubbing – Advantages
Kautský says that the main reason why film companies choose the dubbing art instead of subtitles is that it is not possible for the viewers‘ eyes to read subtitles and watch a movie at the same time. (p. 39, 1970). Therefore, it is possible not to look directly at the television and still understand what is going on (in case that the viewer does not know the language). For example, women can iron clothes while watching TV
(Rychlík, 2012). Films on TV are mostly made for listening since families gather to watch them but in the meantime they talk, play games or eat (Kristková, Nováková &
Trojáková, n. d.). Thus, an advantage of watching the dubbed version of a film is the fact that it is not necessary to read while watching.
2.3.2 Dubbing – Disadvantages
From the beginning of the dubbing art, this art was criticised not only by those who knew foreign languages. An ordinary woman praised the actor‘s performance without being robbed of his voice, admitting that the dialogues could be somehow understood with subtitles. An actor‘s performance consists of two factors which are equal: facial expressions and vocal performance. By excluding the original voice, the viewer is robbed of the actor‘s whole performance (Kautský, p. 29, 1970).
The most significant disadvantage of the dubbing art is without a doubt the fact that
Czech people do not hear foreign languages more often. If they start watching television with an original sound, they will learn English more easily and thus they will become more universal. For example, in Scandinavian countries citizens speak perfect English because these countries do not use the dubbing art (Rychlík, 2012).
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Another disadvantage of the dubbing performance can be considered the loss of authenticity of the original sound and acting performances (Dudek & Čihák, 2017).
Jokes are also often adapted to the Czech environment and humorous punch lines are completely lost (Kristková, Nováková & Trojáková, n. d.).
2.3.3 Subtitles – Advantages
It has been proven by different studies that viewers who live in countries where the use of subtitles prevails have better language skills (Dudek, 2017). Furthermore, the production expenses for dubbing and subtitles differ. For example, in Italy, Germany,
Spain and France, the television dubbing performance costs 34 900 euro while subtitles cost 5 300 euro. Similar difference occurs in other countries as well. Generally, subtitles are ten to fifteen times cheaper then dubbing. (Talpová, 2013, pp. 54 – 55).
In case of musicals, the artistic unit is preserved thanks to subtitles. If the songs were dubbed, the unit would be damaged. Subtitles also preserve accents and jokes based on these accents (Kristková, Nováková & Trojáková, n. d.).
2.3.4 Subtitles –Disadvantages
Oldřich Kautský states some of the disadvantages of subtitles, that will now be mentioned. The viewer‘s attention is divided between the vision and hearing.
Furthermore, the technical task for a translator is to save the viewer‘s vision which works more slowly that the viewer‘s hearing when they perceive a movie. Therefore, reading a huge amount of subtitles can be exhausting for one‘s vision. Subtitles can also be hard to read, for example when some of the scenes occur in a snow-covered surrounding and the subtitles are white. At one period, there used to be a black stripe
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behind the subtitles but this technique was abandoned because of its economical demands (pp. 13 − 14, 1970). Thus, one of the disadvantages of subtitles is the fact that our attention is divided and some viewers do not know where to look first. Additionally, the translation is not often complete (Kautský, p. 31, 1970).
Subtitles require concentration. They can be small and hard to read. It is not possible for many viewers to equip their living rooms with huge LCD televisions. Subtitles must not be long and therefore, they are also very often brief (Kristková, Nováková &
Trojáková, n. d.).
2.3.5 Dubbing Versus Subtitles – Summary
To summarize the previous discussion regarding the topic of dubbing versus subtitles, both have their disadvantages and advantages. The disadvantage of the dubbing art is mainly the fact that viewers do not hear the foreign language very often.
On the other hand, being able to listen to the film without watching it can be considered an advantage, for example when viewers need to work while watching. The main disadvantage of subtitles is the necessity to read. On the contrary, the lower price and preserving the artistic impression are significant advantages.
Mostly, it is young people who prefer the original sound. They are used to other languages from the Internet and they know the broadcasted TV shows in their original languages (Rychlík, 2012).
The author of this thesis inclines to the use of subtitles. In her opinion, the most significant advantage is the fact that the language skills of viewers would improve.
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3 Material Analysed
In this chapter, the analysed material (selected TV shows) will be briefly introduced, their main story and the characters who speak with an accent. The selected TV shows include The Big Bang Theory, Modern Family, 2 Broke Girls and Arrow. Mostly, data found at the Internet Movie Database (found at www.imdb.com, furthermore referred as
IMDB) has been used to provide necessary information.
3.1 The Big Bang Theory and Raj Koothrappali
According to IMDB, the genre of the TV show The Big Bang Theory is comedy/romance. Its first episode was released on 24 September 2007 and its eleventh season is currently airing on TV (―The Big Bang Theory‖, n.d.). The Czech equivalent for the name of the show is Teorie velkého třesku which is a literal translation.
Currently, the eleventh season is also being broadcasted by the Prima Cool television station (redakce, 2018).
The storyline is following: four friends, Leonard Hofstadter, Sheldon Cooper,
Howard Wolovitz and Raj Koothrappali are scientists, nerds, fans of comic books and video games. One day, a young woman called Penny moves across the hall from
Sheldon and Leonard and Leonard starts to fancy her (―The Big Bang Theory‖, n.d.).
The character Rajesh (Raj) Koothrappali is an astrophysicist and has trouble speaking to women. He can only talk to them after he has had alcohol. When he talks, however, he has an Indian accent as he grew up in India, more specifically New Delhi, and moved to the United Kingdom later. When he graduated, he moved to Pasadena,
California, where the TV show occurs (―Raj Koothrappali‖, n.d.).
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3.2 Modern Family and Gloria Pritchett
Modern family is an American mockumentary. Its genre is comedy / romance. The first episode aired on September 23, 2009 and the show is now in its ninth season.
(―Modern Family,‖ n. d. ) The name of Modern Family has been translated as Taková moderní rodinka which is not a literal translation, however, it is similar. It is currently being broadcasted by the Prima Comedy Central television station (―Taková moderní rodinka‖, n. d.).
Modern family deals with the lives of three families that are connected. The first family consists of parents, Phil and Claire, and their three children, Haley, Alex and
Luke. Claire‘s brother, Mitchell is part of another family. Together with his husband,
Cameron, they raise an adoptive daughter, Lily. Finally, the third family includes Claire and Mitchell‘s father, Jay, his wife Gloria with a son from previous marriage, Manny, and their son Joe. They all experience hilarious situations and troubles with a family life
(―Modern Family,‖ n. d. ).
Gloria Pritchett is a character with an accent. She was born in Colombia and later came to the United States. Even though her accent is very strong, her son, Manny does not have any accent since he grew up in the USA (Richman, & Spiller, 2010).
3.3 2 Broke Girls and Sophie Kachinski and Vanko “Oleg” Golishevsky
2 Broke Girls is an American situational comedy. Its first episode aired on
September 19, 2001 and its last episode aired on April 17, 2017 (―2 Broke Girls‖, n. d.). The name 2 Broke Girls has been translated into the Czech language as 2 $ocky with a dollar sign where the letter S should occur. The show premiered on September 2,
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2013 for the first time in the Czech Republic and all seasons have been broadcasted by the Nova 2 television station (―2 $ocky‖, n.d.).
The main characters are Caroline Channing and Max Black. Caroline is used to a luxurious life while Max is a waitress at the Williamsburg Diner. When Caroline finds herself in a situation without any money, she meets Max who lets her live in her home and who helps her get a job in the Diner. Other main characters are Earl Washington,
Han Lee, Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky and Sophie Kachinski. Both Oleg and Sophie have got an accent. Sophie comes from Poland and Oleg from Ukraine. Oleg works in the same Diner as Caroline and Max and Sophie lives in the apartment above the girls.
During the series, Oleg and Sophia get married (―2 Broke Girls‖, n. d.). Some online sources list Sophie as ―Kaczynski‖ or ―Kuczynski‖ but the name used at IMDB,
Kachinski, will be used in this thesis.
3.4 Arrow and Anatoly Knyazev
The genre of the TV show is action, adventurous and crime. The first episode of
Arrow was released on October 10, 2012 and the show is currently in its sixth season
(―Arrow,‖ n.d.). The name Arrow has not been translated into the Czech language. In the Czech Republic the show is being broadcasted by the TV station Nova Action
(―ARROW: Boj o přežití,‖ n. d.).
The main character, Oliver Queen, comes back from an island and becomes the
Arrow, a vigilante who protects the city from dangerous people on his list. He does this with the help of John Diggle, his bodyguard and Felicity Smoak, an IT girl. He hides his identity and later becomes the city mayor to protect the city both officially and as a vigilante. What happened when he was stranded on the island is shown retrospectively.
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In a certain period of the retrospective scenes and even in the present day scenes, he encounters Anatoly Knyazev, a former Russian KGB agent. This character has a strong
Russian accent and is played by a Czech actor. Anatoly is referred to as ―Anatoli‖ at some of the online sources, however, IMDB lists Anatoly and this version will be used throughout the thesis (―Arrow,‖ n.d.).
Until now, chapters of this thesis have all focused on the theoretical background for the research chapter. The following chapter deals with the research itself and is followed by a conclusion of the whole thesis.
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4 Accents and Their Dubbed Czech Representations
− The Research Chapter
The research chapter of this diploma thesis will deal with the analysis of accents of characters from the four chosen TV shows and their Czech dubbing performances. The aim of this chapter is to find out whether the accents have been reflected in the Czech dubbing performances or not and how the parts referring to their accents have been handled in the Czech version.
This chapter is divided into several subchapters. The main subchapters concern the selected characters, Raj Koothrappali, Gloria Pritchett, Sophia Kachinski, Vanko
―Oleg‖ Golishevsky and Anatoly Knyzaev.
The analysis of each characters accent contains a similar structure. The first subchapter deals with the actors / actresses and their accents (Are the accents authentic?
What are the actors‘ / actresses‘ comments about it?). It is accompanied by a brief accent analysis (How does it differ from the standard?). Knowledge from the theoretical chapter is be utilized. Afterwards, the Czech dubbed versions of each character and each
TV show are briefly discussed (Who is the dubbing actor / actress? Has the accent been included in the Czech version?). Then, the references to the accents and their translations into the Czech language are analysed. If the accents are not authentic, the reception of these accents is introduced. A short analysis result of each character is included at the end with a proposal of improvement in dubbing further episodes into
Czech dubbing.
Scenes from the TV shows chosen for this research are available on youtube.com, vimeo.com (for accent analysis, links are provided in footnotes) or nikee.net. 38
4.1 Raj Koothrappali from The Big Bang Theory
4.1.1 Raj Koothrappali − His Accent
4.1.1.1 About Kunal Nayyar and His Accent
As mentioned above, Raj Koothrappali has an Indian accent. The actor‘s name is
Kunal Nayyar and he comes from India (―Kunal Nayaar,‖ n. d.).When he was asked about his accent, in the interview with the Times of India, he mentioned, that:
I‘ve lost count of the number of times I‘ve had to tell people that my pure Delhi,
St. Columba‘s School accent is the real deal, not something I consciously practise
to sound more ‗Indian‘ or to make fun of Indian accents — like, say, the Apu
character in The Simpsons. I'm proud of my culture; I wear it on my sleeve. The
only thing is in 15 years in the US, I haven‘t ‗lost‘ my Indian accent or ‗gained‘ an
American one. My guess is that a lot of people sound more American as years go
by because they try to blend in; it gives them confidence. I just didn‘t have that
problem (Bagchil, 2015).
His native language is Hindi, his accent in English is authentic and in 2015, he even released a book called Yes, My Accent is Real: And Some Other Things I Haven‟t Told
You (Jensen, 2015).
4.1.1.2 Raj Koothrappali − Accent analysis
His authentic Indian accent can be heard from the first moment he speaks in the show. A short passage from the second episode has been chosen (he does not talk very much in the first episode) and then two short passages (since Raj‘s lines are not long enough) from the last episode of the last complete season, which is season ten.
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The following passage is from the second episode of season one: ―She‘s so chatty.
Maybe my parents are right. Maybe I‘d be better off with an Indian girl. We‘d have the same cultural background and my wife could sing to my children the same lullabies my mother sang to me‖2 (―The Big Bran Hypothesis,‖ 2017. First, Nayyar‘s pronunciation differs from both General American and Received Pronunciation in pronouncing /z/ sound in the final positions instead of /s/ in ―she‘s‖. The sound /w/ in words ―with‖ and
―we‘d‖ is pronounced more as /v/. The/æ/ in the word ―chatty‖ sounds closer to /ɑ:/.
Similarly to happy (mentioned in the theoretical chapter), the ending vowel is pronounced as /i:/ in ―chatty‖. One more feature has been found that is not included in the theoretical chapter. In the words ―sing‖ and ―sang‖ Nayyar pronounces /ɪnk/ sound instead of /ɪŋ/.
The next short passages have been extracted from the last episode of season ten,
―The Long Distance Dissonance‖. They include ―Well she‘s single so if somebody else asks her out and she says yes then we know she‘s not into Sheldon‖3 and ―We‘re being ridiculous, there‘s no way a woman that attractive is trying to seduce Sheldon Cooper‖4
(―The Long Distance Dissonance,‖ 2017). As in previous passages, the different pronunciation of /z/ in the final positions occurs, /s/ is pronounced in the words ―says‖,
―she‘s‖ and ―is‖. Similarly, /ɪnk/ pronunciation appears in ―trying‖, although it is non- existent in the word ―being‖. What does not occur in the example from season one is the pronunciation of the dental fricatives. /ð/ in ―there‘s‖ sounds more as /d/ and the same applies to the word ―that‖.
2 See 0:43, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-A6gO08LQM
3 See 0:30, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtMU6uD6V1I
4 See 3:05, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6t_kNLcCYg
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These have been the most common differences from the standard in the Kunal
Nayaar‘s speech. His accent can be noticed immediately and even though it is present, his speech is, in the author‘s opinion, understandable very well.
4.1.2 Raj Koothrappali − the Czech Dubbing Performance
According to dabingforum.cz, Raj Koothrappali‘s dubbing actor is Petr Burian in all seasons that have been dubbed so far (Slipio, 2009). To find out whether Petr Burian tries to reflect Raj‘s accent in the dubbing, it is necessary to watch The Big Bang Theory with the Czech dubbing performance. It is clear in the first episode that the Indian accent has not been included at all. This fact does not change and even in the latest season, Raj‘s Czech voice is without any accent.
In the interview for protisedi.cz by Zuzana Klinková, Petr Burian was asked about
Raj‘s accent. He said that:
Rajesh is a very specific case. He is an Indian who speaks English with an accent. If
you try to speak with an accent in Czech, you could end up creating an imitation of
Moravian or Russian accent, something that we did not want. So I chose my own
stylization. Dubbing is not an imitation, that is why the character sounds different in
the original and I understand that many die-hard fans will prefer the original sound.
However, to me, this character is a nice dubbing gift, because I like dubbing
weirdoes and especially in such a well-done comedic TV show (Klinková, 2015).
The dubbing performances of the first seven seasons were created in the studio S Pro
Alfa CZ a.s. From the eighth season onwards, the dubbing performances have been made in the Babidabi s.r.o. studio by TV Prima s.r.o. Michal Michálek is in charge of dialogues and direction (Slipio, 2009). He was asked about the dubbing performances of
The Big Bang Theory and the reactions of the public. He mentioned that there is a 41
criticism from the fans of the original sound but ―those, who like the Czech version, are satisfied. For example, they vote who should voice the episodic roles and we watch their debates and sometimes we are in an agreement with them‖ (Spáčilová, 2016).
Even the dubbing performances of this TV show were affected by the crisis in the
Czech dubbing art. Two dubbing actresses were replaced in the seventh season but fortunately, they were convinced to work on this project again, which was considered a success. One of the dubbing actresses thanked the fans that were protesting against their replacement by saying ―I would like to thank them very much because they proved that they are not indifferent to the quality of the work‖ (Spa, 2015). This shows that fans of
The Big Bang Theory are not indifferent towards the quality of this particular Czech version and that they want it to be at its best possible quality.
Indeed, the quality has been acknowledged. In 2014, the makers of the Czech dubbed version of The Big Bang Theory were awarded with the František Filipovský Award of
―Unity of Interpreters and Translators for an Extraordinary Quality of Translation and
Edition of Dubbed Audiovisual Work‖ (―20. ročník udílení cen‖, 2017).
4.1.3 Raj Koothrappali – References to the Accent
Throughout the seasons, Raj‘s accent is mentioned several times. The accent is used for comedic relief and many jokes are based on it. Most frequently it is when someone imitates him, mostly it is his best friend, Howard Wolowitz. This happens for example in the eighth episode of season one. Howard takes Raj‘s phone and since Raj cannot talk to women, he arranges a date for him while putting on his accent. (―The Grasshopper
Experiment‖, 2007). Even though Raj does not have any accent in the Czech dubbing, the dubbing actor of Howard Wolovitz, Matěj Hádek, tries to imitate an accent. This
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does not make sense since Czech viewers cannot understand why he does it when Raj does not have an accent in the Czech version. (―Koktejlový experiment,‖ 2009)
Another case of Howard imitating Raj occurs in the twentieth episode in season two,
―The Hofstadter Isotope‖. Howard thinks that Raj‘s accents is effective for flirting with women so he introduces himself with an accent to a woman he meets at the bar as
Sanjay Wolowitz from Bombay (―The Hofstadter Isotope,‖ 2009). In Czech, he changes his voice but, in the author‘s opinion, not enough to give the impression of an accent.
Again, it can be stated that this is not very clear for those who do not know how strong
Raj‘s accent truly is in the original version (―Hofstadterův izotop,‖ 2010).
Another time Howard imitates Raj occurs when Raj speaks with his American accent in the sixth episode of season six ―The Extract Obliteration‖. When Howard thinks it is terrible, Raj dares him to speak with an Indian accent. Therefore, he says ―I can‘t sit on that elephant, my ass is on fire from eating all this curry‖ (―The Extract Obliteration,‖
2012) while trying to put on an Indian accent. In the Czech dubbing performance,
Howard‘s dubbing actor tries to imitate the Indian accent and actually manages to give
Howard an accent (―Výmaz pasáže,‖ 2013). However, since we never hear Raj speak with the same accent, this does not make any sense.
In the twenty-second episode of season six, ―The Proton Resurgence‖, Howard and his wife Bernadette lose Raj‘s dog Cinnamon and go looking for him. They try to scream in Raj‘s accent so that Cinnamon recognizes the accent and comes back. First,
Howard screams ―Cinnamon, come to daddy‖ and then, Bernadette adds ―Cinnamon, where are you, my little lamb chop?‖ (―The Proton Resurgence,‖ 2013). Both dubbing actors try to imitate the accent, however, in the author‘s opinion, very poorly, even though Howard‘s dubbing actor‘s performance is better since he has more experience
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with it. Still, his accent is not convincing and again, they imitate someone who in Czech does not have an accent (―Experimenty s Protonem,‖ 2013).
In the ninth episode of season nine, ―The Platonic Permutation‖, Howard imitates
Raj again. Raj comes up with a topic of Siri5. He mentions that he can talk to Siri without pressing any buttons. When Howard tries to make fun of the situation, he says to Raj‘s phone, ―Hey, Siri, show me pictures of naked grandma butts.‖ However, the order is not recognized due to the lack of Raj‘s accent. When Howards tries again, this time with an accent, he is successful (―The Platonic Permutation,‖ 2015). In the Czech version, the sentence is repeated basically the same way, without an accent. So, when
Raj says, ―I don‘t sound like that‖, it is true only in the original version. The joke is lost once again (―Vystřídání partnerských rolí‖, 2016).
So far, the occurrences of Howard imitating Rajesh have been discussed.
Furthermore, there are cases when Rajesh tries to imitate the American accent, as the following examples will show.
In season three, episode eight, ―The Adhesive Duck Deficiency‖, Raj, Howard and
Leonard accidentally use drugs. Raj says that everything Leonard and Howard say in
American accent sounds stupid. Then he imitates the accent by saying ―Stars are pretty, aren‘t they?‖ and laughs (―The Adhesive Duck Deficiency‖, 2009). In the Czech version of this episode, his voice does not change for an accent at all. Even though the characters laugh, the joke cannot be understood by someone who does not know the original version (―Deficit lepících kachen,‖ 2010).
Another case of Raj imitating the American accent occurs in the previously mentioned episode ―The Extract Obliteration‖ from season six. He says, ―Hey, my
5 A part of Apple‘s operating systems, https://www.apple.com/ios/siri/
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snow-white American friends, let‘s put some cow meat on the barbecue and eat it until we‘re all obese.‖ Howard responds that it is terrible (―The Extract Obliteration,‖ 2012).
For this sentence, the dubbing actor Petr Burian tries to imitate an American accent.
However, since the American accent should correspond with the way other characters talk (and they do not use American accent in the Czech version), again, this does not make any sense (―Výmaz pasáže,‖ 2013).
4.1.4 Raj Koothrappali – Analysis Result
Raj Koothrappali‘s accent is very often used as a comedic relief and it is a very important part of Raj‘s character. However, it gets lost in the Czech dubbing. Even though Petr Burian, Raj‘s dubbing actor, mentioned that he chose his own stylization, it still does not sound as an accent and is basically the same as the speech of other characters. In the scenes where other characters imitate him, they almost always use an accent which is, in the author‘s opinion, absurd since Raj does not have one. In the scenes where Raj imitates the American accent, the way he speaks either does not change at all or he uses Czech words with an American accent even though this is the case when he should sound like other characters. Since Raj is one of the main characters and is present all the time, this inconsistency must be confusing for Czech viewers who have never seen The Big Bang Theory with its original version.
4.1.5 Raj Koothrappali – the Author‘s Proposal
It is the author‘s conviction that the best solution would be broadcasting The Big
Bang Theory with its original sound and with subtitles. If the Czech dubbing is
45
necessary, the accent should be included. It is a part of Raj‘s identity and many jokes are based on it therefore it would a shame not to use it also in the Czech version.
However, since the Indian accent can be very hard to imitate for a Czech dubbing actor, the author would recommend leaving the accent out completely and, when it is mentioned, it could be changed into Raj‘s voice, meaning that other characters would try to imitate the colour of Raj‘s voice, not his accent. Similarly, when imitating the American accent, Raj could be trying to imitate the colour of the voice of the person he is talking to. The dubbing actors and actresses would have to be good imitators, though, therefore the first solution still remains the best one.
4.2 Gloria Pritchett from Modern Family
4.2.1 Gloria Pritchett − Her Accent
4.2.1.1 About Sofía Vergara and Her Accent
Sofía Vergara comes from Barranquilla in Colombia. Her native language is Spanish, she attended a private bilingual Spanish/English school6 and her accent is authentic.
When she was asked if she had ever tried to change her accent, she replied that she wanted at first, spent a lot of money and time on it, however, when she had an audition she was only conscious about the accent and where to put her tongue. In her opinion, she was not doing a very good job, therefore she decided to speak with her accent.
Later, she was given the role of Gloria in the Modern Family (Crisafulli, 2018).
Concerning her accent, she also mentioned that she had been living in the United
States for sixteen years and she still cannot eliminate it. She has tried but she feels too
6 Sofía Vergara, https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005527/
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old already. Her son, who speaks perfect English and Spanish even told her, that she is the only one whose accent gets worse the longer she spends in the United States. Sofía then adds that sometimes even she does not understand what she wants to say with her accent (vergarafan, 2011).
In her interview with TheLatinBug she was also asked about her accent and how does it feel to be Latin and to be surrounded by Latin people in Hollywood:
I mean, I cannot complain, I‘ve had a great time, you know these two years, two
years with Modern Family, it‘s been a roll that even with my crazy accent people
have laughed and people have accepted so I, I have to say that I think people are
realizing that you know there‘s .. I mean we‘re the biggest minority in the United
States, the Latin people, so you know everybody‘s used to an, an accent here and
there (2012).
To summarize, Sofía‘s accent is authentic as she comes from Colombia. Although she tried in the past, she cannot get eliminate her accent and continues to speak with it.
4.2.1.2 Gloria Pritchett − Accent analysis
Gloria Pritchett‘s pronunciation differs from the standard pronunciation. The analysis will involve a short passage from the first episode of the first season and a short passage from the last episode of season eight, which is the last season that is complete up to this date. The following passage is from the first episode, ―Manny is very passionate, just like his father. My first husband, he‘s very handsome, but too crazy. It seemed like all we did was fight and make love, fight and make love. One time, I‘m not kidding you, we fell out the window together‖7 (―Pilot,‖ 2009). The most noticeable differences
7 See https://vimeo.com/266784189
47
include using /ɑ:/ instead of /æ/ in the word ―Manny‖ and also the different pronunciation of /ʌ/ in ―husband‖ (vowel sound positiong), stressing the first syllable in
―together‖ where schwa should occur and devoicing: /v/ becomes /f/ in ―love‖ and /z/ becomes /s/ in ―crazy‖.
The selected extract from ―The Graduates‖, the twenty-second episode of season eight is following: ―My baby‘s graduating. He won the award for Integrity and
Character. No absents, no tardies, respectful to students and teachers alike‖8 (―The
Graduates‖, 2017). The differences from the standard are similar to the ones before.
One of the differences is devoicing; where /z/ sound should be, she pronounces /s/ sound in ―baby‘s‖ and ―tardies‖. Schwa is also different, it is stressed in these examples:
―alike‖ and ―award‖. She also pronounces a sound closer to /ɑ:/ instead of /æ/ in the word ―absents‖.
These were her most common pronunciation differences from the standard. The following part will deal with the Czech dubbing performance of her character and then, the references to the accent in Modern Family.
4.2.2 Gloria Pritchett − the Czech Dubbing Performance
Sofía Vergara‘s voice has been produced by two different dubbing actresses. The first one is Kateřina Lojdová and the second one is Vanda Konečná. Kateřina Lojdová‘s voice can be heard from season one to season five. In later seasons, Czech viewers can hear Vanda Konečná‘s voice. The dubbing performance of this show has been created by the SDI Media studio (Fifa.21, 2010). No article about the change of the dubbing actress could be found but since this change occurred in 2014/2015 and since several
8 See https://vimeo.com/266785696
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other dubbing actors and actresses in Modern Family were replaced at that time9, it is probable that the reason was the crisis in the Czech dubbing art.
This particular dubbing performance has not received the František Filipovský award. Unfortunately, no article about the dubbing of this TV show has been found.
In the Czech version of Modern Family, Gloria Pritchett does not use any accent at all. Both dubbing actresses have not included it in their speech and scenes in which it was referred to or in which it is a source of comedic relief will now be discussed.
4.2.3 Gloria Pritchett − References to the Accent
Gloria‘s accent is mentioned many times throughout the show. She makes a lot of mispronunciation mistakes10 and there are many differences from the standard pronunciation in her speech which could be hard to imitate in the Czech dubbing performance. She also tries to ―put on‖ the American accent a few times.
First, Gloria uses a lot of Spanish words. Spanish words are preserved in the Czech dubbing performance, for example, in the first episode, she says, ―Vamos, Manny! Kick it! Kick it! Don‘t let him − Kick it!‖ (―Pilot,‖ 2009). It is translated as ―Vamos, Manny, kopej, kopej, nepusť ho, kopej.‖ (―Pilot,‖ 2010) The English part of her monologue is translated into Czech while the Spanish part is preserved. Now, the following part will deal with Gloria‘s mispronunciation mistakes.
In the author‘s opinion, the Czech version of the sixth episode in season two,
―Halloween‖, is not handled very well. The original version starts with Gloria ordering
9 http://www.dabingforum.cz/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=7511
10 In Gloria‘s case, the author calls them mistakes since these cases do not concern different pronunciation from the standard but the fact that she understands some words wrongly .
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baby cheeses for Jay which to him sounds like baby Jesus. He makes fun of her at first and even though he compliments her, saying that English is her second language and that she is doing a great job, she wants to know what other mispronunciation mistakes she makes. The first mistake he mentions is that Gloria says ―doggy-dog world‖ instead of ―dog-eat-dog world‖. According to him, Gloria also mistakes ―blessings in the skies‖ for ―blessings in disguise‖ and ―carpool tunnel syndrome‖ for ―carpal tunnel syndrome‖. The last mistake he manages to say before Gloria stops him is that ―it‘s not volumptuous‖. She admits that she is aware of having an accent but people can still understand her. The scene ends with Jay opening a box that is full of babies of Jesus, instead of cheeses (―Halloween,‖ 2010). As mentioned above, the author considers the
Czech version illogical. Gloria mentions ordering ―koblížky‖ very clearly, with no mispronunciation. Therefore, when Jay makes fun of her, he, in fact, does not have a reason why. When Jay lists her mistakes, they are: ―pes vedle psa‖ instead of ―pes žere psa‖, ―štěstí před zvěstí― instead of ―štěstí v neštěstí‖, ―syndrom karpálního tunelu‖ instead of ―kanálního‖ and finally, ―rozkožný‖. He blames her mispronunciation of these words but these are not mistakes in mispronunciations. For example ―vedle‖ and
―žere‖ are not pronounced similarly to such an extent that they could cause confusion.
Moreover, just as in the English version, she mentions her accent while, in fact she speaks with no accent at all. At the end of this scene Jay pulls out a baby Jesus out of the box, so, ―koblížky‖ were meant to be mistaken for ―Ježíšky‖11 which, again, are not similar to that extent that they could be interchanged (―Halloween‖, 2010).
11 Even though the endings of these words are similar, a Czech viewer, in the author‘s opinion, would not mistake ―Ježíšky‖ for ―koblížky‖
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At the end of the same episode, the whole family is gathered and they all talk about
Gloria‘s mispronunciation mistakes. Her son comes up with the first one and says,
―Don‘t choke or I'll have to give you the ‗Hindenburg‘ manoeuvre.‖ Cameron, her son- in-law, adds, ―Oh, one time she caught me staring off. And she goes, ‗Cam, what‘s wrong? You look like a deer in ‗head lice‘!‖. Phil, her other son-in-law, is the last to imitate her by saying ―don‘t you give me an ‗old tomato‘.‖ Gloria then gets angry at them and tell them to try speaking in another language. The words that were mispronounced in the previous examples are Heimlich, headlights and ultimatum
(―Halloween‖, 2009). Again, this is very difficult for the Czech translators to transfer it into the Czech language. In the dubbed version, Manny says ―No a jednou řekla nevtipkuj nebo ti předvedu Hindenburgův manévr‖. It is the author‘s conviction that the
Czech viewer does not have a chance to understand it since Heimlich manoeuvre is connected to choking, not making jokes, therefore this translation completely misses out the point since ―nevtipkuj‖12 is not the same as ―don‘t choke‖. Cam‘s utterance is translated as follows, ―Zíral jsem do blba, tak říká, Came, vypadáš, jako by ti uletěly střely‖. This is, in the author‘s opinion, a better translation since the word ―střely‖ rhymes with ―včely‖ which is what the Czech people usually say13. Finally, Phil adds,
―ty mi přece nebudeš říkat co mám sdělat‖ that again, is not a mispronunciation
(―Halloween‖, 2010).
Episode twenty of season two, ―Someone to watch over Lily‖ contains another of her mispronunciations. Gloria watches over Cameron and Mitchell‘s daughter, Lily, and she
12 ―nevtipkuj‖ = do not make jokes
13 Kouká, jako by mu uletěly včely, Retrieved from http://www.ceskaprirovnani.cz/prirovnani/
752-kouka-jak-kdyby-mu-uletely-vcely
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tells them that she is going to pierce her ears. However, what is supposed to be pronounced ―earrings,‖ is comprehended by Mitchell as ―hair rings‖ and therefore, he agrees because he thinks that hair rings are hair accessories. When Mitchell and
Cameron see their daughter again with pierced ears, they get mad at her and she defends herself, ―I didn't say hair rings. I said earrings‖ (―Someone to watch over Lily‖, 2011 ).
In the Czech version, it‘s not dealt with as a mispronunciation. Gloria simply says,
―upravit uši‖14. Then, Mitchell says that he thought she was talking about ―účes‖15 instead of ―uši‖. She defends herself by saying ―Neřekla jsem účes, řekla jsem uši‖16. It can be stated that this is not as illogical as the previous cases and the point of her mistake can be understood by a Czech viewer (―Kdo se postará o Lily?‖, 2011).
In season three, episode ten, ―Express Christmas‖, Gloria and Luke are looking for an angel his Nana made in the attic. Every time she says ―Luke‖, it sounds like ―Look‖ to her nephew Luke. Luke is confused and does not know what she means. When Luke finally understands, Gloria admits that she does not know the difference between
―Luke‖ and ―Look‖ in the pronunciation. Only after Luke says than one of them is his name and also after she says these two words next to each other, she finally understands
(―Express Christmas,‖ 2011). The Czech version has been changed. The source of
Gloria and Luke‘s confusion are no longer two similar words but the fact that she speaks to him from distance and he cannot hear her properly. Look is replaced by ―hele‖ and ―bacha‖. When, in the English version, Luke explains that one of these words is his name, in the Czech version, he tells her to do something about her speech, to speak
14 This could be translated as ―treat her ears‖.
15 ―účes‖ means ―hairdo‖
16 ―I did not say hairdo, I said ears.‖
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more clear (―Expresní Vánoce,‖ 2011). The whole conversation can be read and compared in the Appendix.
Gloria also tries to put on the English accent as well a few times throughout the series. This will be discussed in the next part.
The previously mentioned episode in which Gloria wants to know about her mispronunciation mistakes also involves a scene in which she tries to imitate the
English accent because she is angry at her husband Jay for making fun of her. She tells him that she will speak with an American accent in order not to embarrass him. When
Claire asks her about it, she replies, using correctly one of her previous mispronunciations, ―Oh! So now you have a problem with the way I speak? Like father like daughter, in this dog-eat-dog family.‖ A few moments later, Jay apologises and
Gloria starts speaking with her accent again after punching Mitchell, saying ―He came out of nowhere, and he scared the baby Jesus out of me!‖ and Jesus sounds like cheeses again (―Halloween‖, 2009). In the dubbed version, when Gloria is supposed to speak with an American accent, she only speaks slower and more carefully. When she gets asked about it, her response is, ―Aha, najednou se ti nelíbí způsob, jakým mluvím? Jaký otec, taková dcera, v rodině, kde pes žere psa‖. However, she pronounces this almost the same way she normally speaks, only, as mentioned before, a little bit slowly and carefully. When she starts speaking with her normal voice again, she says, ―Vybafnul,
že jsem z toho málem porodila koblížka.‖ The change from her voice that is now supposed to be without accent to her normal voice is barely noticeable in the Czech version. Moreover, as mentioned before, words ―koblížka‖ and ―Ježíška‖ are not interchangable (―Halloween‖, 2010).
One of the interesting episodes to deal with regarding dubbing, is the episode in which Gloria‘s younger son, Joe, needs help with his speech and starts to visit a speech 53
therapist. When the therapist sees Gloria practising with Joe, she asks her about it and
Gloria responds that she is worried that her accents will cause problems with Joe‘s speech. The therapist offers a speech exercise ―Betty bought a bit of butter, but found the butter bitter.‖ to which Gloria, according to subtitles found on the subtitle website addi7ed.com17, replies ―Betty bought a bit ‗a bootie, but da bootie bittah.‖ Later, Gloria exercises her speech in front of a mirror. She tries to ―put on‖ an American accent.
Afterwards, she imitates the American accent when she talks to her husband and, it can be observed that she does not perform it very well. The American accent is forced and not natural for her (―Weathering Heights,‖ 2016). When she is worried about her accent, she also talks about it in Czech even though she does not have any. The speech exercise is changed into ―Králice Klára na klavír hrála s králičím králem Karlem‖ and Gloria‘s response is following: ―Klárice Krála kravám hrála s kláryčím karnem kamlem‖, without any accent. This is rather a mispronunciation than an accent. However, since she previously mentioned having an accent, this contradicts her statement. Later, when she does her exercise in front of a mirror, she uses the Czech proverb ―Strč prst skrz krk, skrz krk prst strč‖ without an accent but it is obvious that she pays attention to how she pronounces it. When she replies to the question of her husband and when she is supposed to imitate the American accent, she only speaks louder and very carefully, thus differently than usual. However, this is the case when she should try to speak as her husband and again, it is the author‘s conviction that this is where the Czech dubbing has failed (―Polojasno, občas srážky,‖ 2017).
In season six, episode two, ―Patriot Games‖, Gloria finds out that her husband Joe wants her to become an American citizen because he does not want to wait as long at
17 Retrieved from http://www.addic7ed.com/serie/Modern_Family/8/4/Weathering_Heights
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customs. This fact angers her and she decides to mock the American stereotypes by dressing in an American outfit and putting on the American accent. She says, ―Howdy, hubby. How about some grub before we turn on the NASCAR?‖ Then she adds, ―Ain‘t this what you wanted? The perfect American wife to make your life more convenient?‖
When her husband asks her in a serious tone whether she thinks it is an American accent, she angrily replies that it is from Texas. (―Patriot Games,‖ 2015) In the Czech version, ―Čus bus taťko, dal by sis gábl než číhneme rodeo?‖ is later followed by ―Co děláš, tohle jsi chtěl, ne? Svou americkou mamču, co ti nebude na obtíž, ne?‖. In the author‘s opinion, she sounds more as a teenager than as if she was trying to put on an accent (―Patriot Games,‖ 2015). However, it can be argued, that this scene is not as nonsensical since the accent she eventually imitates, is, according to her, from Texas and thus, she is not supposed to sound as her husband who does not have an accent from
Texas.
These have been all found references to the accent. They will be summarized in the following part.
4.2.4 Gloria Pritchett − Analysis result
The analysis has shown that Gloria Pritchett‘s accent is not included in her Czech dubbing performance at all, even though she is dubbed by two different dubbing actresses, Kateřina Lojdová and Vanda Konečná. Gloria makes a lot of pronunciation mistakes which are, in the author‘s opinion, transferred into the Czech language very illogically. Many of her mispronunciation mistakes are probably confusing for Czech viewers. When she tries to imitate an American accent and when she is supposed to sound like her husband, she speaks more slowly and carefully. Only one scene can be
55
considered logical and it is when she accidentally imitates an accent from Texas. She puts on this accent and sounds different than her husband who does not have the accent.
4.2.5 Gloria Pritchett – The Author‘s Proposal
It is the author‘s conviction that the TV show should be broadcasted in its original version with subtitles, as in the Raj Koothrappali‘s case. Gloria‘s speech is specific. Not only she speaks with a Spanish accent, she also makes a lot of mispronunciation mistakes. However, in a case of some of her mispronunciations such as cheeses – Jesus, translators of subtitles would still have to adjust the joke to a Czech viewer.
Since Gloria‘s accent is a part her Colombian identity and also it is the source of comedic relief, it should be included in the Czech version. Now, her identity and also many jokes are lost in the translation. Perhaps, a dubbing actress who can speak Spanish and who is able to imitate a Spanish accent could be used for Gloria‘s Czech voice.
Broadcasting Modern Family with its original sound, however, remains the best option for the author.
4.3 Sophie Kachinski and Vanko “Oleg” Golishevsky from 2 Broke Girls
4.3.1 Sophie Kachinski − Her accent
4.3.1.1 About Jennifer Coolidge and Her Accent
Jennifer‘s Polish accent is not authentic. According to The Huffington Post, co- creator Michael Patrick King based her accent on one of her previous roles (―Jennifer
Coolidge Talks,‖ 2012). In an interview, Jennifer stated that ―the Polish lady in A
Mighty Wind could be the Polish lady in 2 Broke Girls… and she is!‖ (Rooney, 2015).
Moreover, during the premiere of the first episode of season six, she answered a 56
question about Sophie‘s accent on twitter: ―Yes, it‘s the same accent I‘ve used for 3 different things: A Mighty Wind, Slappy and the Stinkers, and an episode of The
Closer‖ (Jennifer Coolidge, 2016).
In the interview for The Panel Center, Jennifer Coolidge was asked about her Polish accent and where she found it. She replied that when she was at college there was a girl, an exchange student that had a voice which did not match her body and Jennifer got inspired by that voice (The Paley Center for Media, 2014).
4.3.1.2 Sophie Kachinski – Accent Analysis
The following lines chosen for the accent analysis have been extracted from the fourteenth episode of season one, which is the first episode in which Sophie appears, and the last episode of the sixth season and at the same time of the whole series. Since the accent is not authentic, not all differences mentioned in the theoretical chapter are expected to be found.
First, the example from the first season will be analysed. Sophie asks Max and
Caroline, ―What kind of question is this? Did you see this horrible, horrible menu? We can‘t have nice conversation here. Tomorrow I take you to nice place, my treat‖18 (―And the Upstairs Neighbor,‖ 2012). Contrary to the table in the theoretical chapter, /ð/ is not replaced by /d/ in the word ―this‖ which occurs twice. Moreover, /k/ in ―kind‖ is aspirated and /r/ is not rolled. What is not mentioned in the table but what appears in
Sophie‘s speech is the /x/ sound in the first „horrible― word. This extract of her speech does not contain a lot of differences typical for Polish people, the difference between her speech and the speech of other characters is more based on her intonation.
18 See https://vimeo.com/266783038
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Furthermore, the extract from the last episode is following, ―Caroline can really put you to sleep on and off the screen, huh? Here. Oh, she doesn‘t even like her desserts.
Well, at least you got a nap out of it, right, Barbara?‖19 (―And 2 Broke Girls: The
Movie,‖ 2017). Similarly to the previous extract, this extract does not contain differences typical for Polish people. Sophie‘s /r/ is not rolled, /ð/ in ―the‖ is pronounced correctly, not as /d/ and again, her intonation plays a significant role in the distinction of her speech.
The analysis has shown that the accent Jennifer Coolidge puts on for Sophie is not an exact imitation of a real Polish accent of English and the reception of her accent will be discussed later in this thesis.
4.3.2 Sophie Kachinski − the Czech Dubbing Performance
Sophie‘s Czech voice is provided by Radka Stupková. The studio responsible for this dubbing performance is Barrandov studio dabing pro Cet 21 s.r.o. All six seasons of
2 Broke Girls have been dubbed into the Czech language. The dubbing performances of this TV show were affected by recasting of some of the dubbing actresses as well. This occured in 2014, thus it probably has a connection to the crisis in the Czech dubbing art
(Slipio, 2013). This dubbing performance has not been awarded the František
Filipovský Award. Sadly, no articles dealing with the dubbing performance of this character or TV show have been found.
Sophie‘s accent is not included at all in the Czech version. In the author‘s opinion, this is surprising, considering that Polish language belongs to the same family as Czech language, the Slavic family, therefore it is not as foreign to the Czech viewer and it
19 See https://vimeo.com/266780394
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should be easier to imitate the Polish accent than the previously mentioned Indian and
Spanish accents.
4.3.3 Sophie Kachinski − References to the Accent
Throughout the seasons, Sophie‘s accent is not mentioned frequently. It is a part of her personality but it is not the source of comedic relief very often. She says a few significant sentences repeatedly, ―I‘ll be in my booth‖, ―Wait a minute‖ and ―Hello everybody‖ in her accent but the fact that Sophie has an accent is not discussed very often.
The first time Sophie is introduced occurs in the fourteenth episode of season one when she moves into the apartment above Caroline and Max. When she meets the girls for the first time, Caroline asks her after a while of hearing her speak, ―is that a Polish accent I‘m detecting?‖ and Sophie confirms. Her accent is very strong and therefore, easily noticeable (―And the Upstairs Neighbor,‖ 2012). In the Czech version, Sophie, as mentioned before, does not have an accent. Therefore, Caroline‘s question, ―Je to polský přízvuk, co slyším?‖ lacks any foundation (―A sousedka ze shora,‖ 2013). Since
Polish is a close language to Czech, it is not difficult for Czech viewers to imagine a Polish accent and since it is not present, it is the author‘s observation that this sentence stands out.
Sophie also tries to speak with a different accent once. In the seventh episode of season five, she pretends to have a British accent in the presence of Caroline‘s grandmother. But when she needs to use the bathroom, she says in her Polish accent
―Excuse me, but I have to tinkle, where‘s your john?‖ and when Caroline gives her a sign, she realizes that she is speaking with her accent and admits she forgot (about the accent). Then, with her fake British accent, she utters, ―pardon me. Could you direct me 59
to your ‗Jonathan‘?‖ (―And the Coming Out Party,‖ 2016). John is a slang word for a toilet or a bathroom20. When she says Jonathan, she probably thinks it is the British version of the word john. In the Czech version, the accent is not included, she only tries to sound ―posh‖ when she pronounces some of the words. She says, ―Omluvte mne, no, ale já, já musím jít čůrat, kde tu máte hajzlík?‖ which is later followed by ―Promiňte, ale mohla byste mne nasměrovat k vaší koupelně?‖ (―A slavnostní oběd,‖ 2016). The
Czech version uses not a very polite word ―hajzlík‖21 and then Sophie changes it into
―koupelna‖22. It is the author‘s opinion that ―hajzlík‖ is a word that a person from a higher social class would not use, therefore the original difference between the accent is perhaps replaced by the difference in the social status of Sophie and Caroline‘s grandmother.
In episode four of season six, ―And the Godmama Drama‖, her husband‘s mother
(who will also be mentioned in the chapter concerning Oleg) comes to town to meet her and her son‘s daughter. When Sophie speaks in front of her for the first time, she asks
Oleg, ―How can you listen to that accent all day long? Yikes‖. (―And the Godmama
Drama,‖ 2016). In Czech, this is translated as ―Jak můžeš celý den poslouchat ten přízvuk? Bože.‖ (―A křtiny,‖ 2017). Since Sophie does not speak with any accent at all, this is, in the author‘s opinion, illogical and cannot be understood properly by a Czech viewer.
In the seventeenth episode of season four, in which she meets an Irish boy, other characters understand him, except for her. The reason could probably be her accent.
20 http://www.dictionary.com/browse/john
21A colloquial term for toilet. Retrieved from https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/hajzl
22 koupelna means bathroom
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When he talks, first, she keeps saying, ―What?‖ and ―What the hell kind of accent is that?‖ Afterwards, when he talks for a longer time, she is confused and asks, ―Is he singing?‖ (―And the High Hook-Up,‖ 2016)
The Czech version is different. First, it is necessary to mention that the Irish boy does not have any accent in the dubbed version. Then, the question ―What the hell kind of accent is that?‖ is translated as ―Co je tohle proboha za řeč?‖, therefore the Czech version does not mention an accent, but rather a language. Sophie‘s question about him singing is translated as ―On je skutečnej?‖ which could be translated as ―Is he real?‖
(„A co je ve firmě není pro mě,‖ 2015). Since he has not an accent, the original question would not make sense and this has been, in the author‘s opinion, actually handled well by the creators of the Czech dubbing performance
4.3.4 Sophie Kachinski – Analysis result
Sophie‘s accent is not included in the Czech version at all. Fortunately, not many scenes on the TV show deal with her accent and it is also not used as a comedic relief very much. However, the few times it is referred to, the dialogue does not make sense in the dubbed version since the accent is non-existing.
4.3.5 Sophie Kachinski − the Author‘s Proposal
The author‘s suggestion for this dubbing performance is, again, broadcasting 2 Broke
Girls with its original sound. Since Polish language is not as unknown to Czech viewers, this could also be an opportunity to judge whether the non-authentic accent is acceptable or not.
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The dubbed version should include an accent and, since the Polish language belongs to the same language family as the Czech language, it should not be very difficult for a
Czech dubbing actress to imitate it. Since the creators of the Czech version have decided not to preserve Sophie‘s accent, it should not be mentioned at all. The references to her accent could be replaced by the references to the sound of her voice.
For example, her husband‘s mother could say ―how can you listen to that voice all day long?‖ in Czech.
Again, broadcasting 2 Broke Girls with its original sound appears to be the best solution to the author.
4.3.6 Sophie Kachinski − Reception of the Accent
Since this accent is not authentic, the author of this thesis has been interested in its reception among viewers. This does not concern only the accent but the reception of the depiction of a Polish person in general. Unfortunately, the opinions found are not very positive.
The headline of the first found article is ―CBS-TV ‗Two Broke Girls‘ Degrades
Polish‖ which connotes a negative feeling towards the Polish representation on 2 Broke
Girls. First, the article states that ―many times what she says sounds awkward by the ridiculous ‗Polish accent‘ the producer of the show gave her character‖ (PostEagle,
2014). It is called ridiculous and it is also in quotation marks, meaning the author does not really consider it a proper accent. The article also deals with the representation of
Polish people. The exact words used are, ―It appears the producer of the show is increasingly creating more situations where Sophie will say more crazy and backward things which in turn prompts another character in the show to put her down and her
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Polish identity.‖ (PostEagle, 2014). This can be problematic for Polish viewers to see their nationality depicted like that.
Another article was published not too long after Sophie‘s character was introduced in season one. It says, ―When her character, Sophie, first appeared two weeks ago, she came with a strained attempt at a Polish accent, which made me cringe. Why couldn‘t they have just let her speak in her usual way? Then she went on about all of the
―horrible horrible‖ this and that, I was so sick of listening to her‖ (Scrimgeour, 2012).
The author has also been interested in the reception of this character and its whole portrayal (which includes her accent) by Polish people and two examples have been found. When the official 2 Broke Girls Twitter account ―tweeted‖ Sophie‘s quote about
Poland, a Polish person answered, ―It always hits me, I am Polish. Where the hell are you getting your facts and WHY do you portray Polish people like that???‖ (Christine,
2015)
The user of the Tumblr website fullfillmyfantasywho is Polish. This user has expressed an opinion on the representation of Slavic people in mainstream media in
America in general but also mentions Sophie and Oleg, ―I can‘t recall many other Slavs with prominent roles in American mainstream media apart from Sophie and Oleg from
Two Broke Girls and don‘t even get me started on those.‖ Thus, another Polish person is not satisfied with their representation (Fullfillmyfantasy, 2017).
To summarize, this accent along with the character‘s origin has not been received very well. The accent is called ridiculous and makes one of the critics cringe while the character as a whole is also criticized by Polish people on social media.
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4.3.7 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky and His Accent
4.3.7.1 About Jonathan Kite and His Accent
Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky (furthermore referred as Oleg) has got a Ukrainian accent. The actor, Jonathan Kite, is not Ukrainian and he only imitates this accent. Thus, it is not an authentic accent.
During the interview with other cast members of 2 Broke Girls, he, just as Jennifer
Coolidge, was asked about his accent and the inspiration for it. He responded that he had known a Russian family and he had used to go to their house. They spoke Russian with each other but they spoke English with a Russian accent with him (The Paley
Center for Media, 2014). Since he is very good at impressions (which were a part of some of his own shows), he has learned to mimic the accent (Sotonoff, 2015).
Kite also says that he does not ―like learning dialects from a textbook, because you don‘t necessarily get the rhythms of people‖ and that ―you really have to go to the source‖ (Evans, 2011).
Thus, his accent may not be authentic but the Russian people he had known served as an inspiration for it.
4.3.7.2 Vanko “Oleg” Golishevsky – Accent Analysis
Oleg does not have many lines in the first episodes. Thus, a rather short extract has had to be chosen from the first episode and a longer one from the last episode of the whole series. Even though the inspiration for this accent has been the Russian accent, this chapter will correspond with the differences listed in the chapter dealing with the
Ukrainian accent.
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In the first episode, Oleg says to Max, ―Max! I thought your tight ass wasn‘t coming in tonight, and my heart broke in half‖23 (―Pilot,‖ 2011). Oleg‘s pronunciation of /r/ can be noticed immediately, it is rolled. It does not occur in the theoretical chapter, however, since the chapter is mainly inspired by an online presentation, it cannot be determined for certain whether this feature is missing from the presentation or whether the reason for this pronunciation is the actor‘s inspiration by his Russian friends.
Similarly, the pronunciation of ―heart‖ starts with the /x/ sound instead of /h/ sound.
In the last season, Oleg‘s lines are longer. He says to his wife, ―You were the one who was drooling pretty hard in there. You know what? After seeing that snoozer, I don‘t want Barbara to have any part of Hollywood‖24 (―And 2 Broke Girls: The Movie,‖
2017). Again, the most noticeable difference is the pronunciation of /r/. The /æ/ sound is supposed to be pronounced in the word ―that‖, however, a sound closer to /ɑ:/ occurs.
A difference that can be found in the theoretical chapter and also appears in Oleg‘s speech is the pronunciation of /d/ instead of /ð/ in words such as ―that‖, ―the‖ and
―there‖.
To summarize, there are some features that correspond with the Ukrainian accent described in the theoretical chapter, however, two more occur: the different pronunciation of /r/ and the pronunciation of /x/ sound. These two differences occur in the chapter dealing with Russian accent, thus the reason could be the actor‘s inspiration by Russian people.
23 See https://vimeo.com/266782649
24 See https://vimeo.com/266780394
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4.3.8 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky − the Czech Dubbing Performance
The Czech dubbing actor, Ivo Hrbáč, has provided his voice for Oleg in all six seasons (Slipio, 2013). Ukrainian language is also a part of the Slavic language family, however, unlike Sophie‘s Polish accent, Oleg‘s accent has been included in the Czech version since the first episode. Oleg is the first person to appear on the screen and from the first sentence it is possible to hear that that the accent is preserved in the Czech dubbing performance. His accent is included throughout the seasons until the last episode of 2 Broke Girls.
4.3.9 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky − References to the Accent
Oleg‘s accent is not referred to often on the TV show; it is not a source of comedic relief. It is a part of Oleg‘s Ukrainian identity; however, jokes are not based on it.
Until the seventh episode of season one, in which he says ―once you go Ukraine, you will scream with sex pain‖ (―And the Pretty Problem,‖ 2011), Ukraine is never mentioned and therefore it is not known where he is from precisely, whether from
Ukraine, Russia or another Eastern European country. In the Czech version, the mention is Ukraine is also preserved, therefore even the Czech viewer has the opportunity to find out about Oleg‘s origin (―A problém krásna,‖ 2013).
No other references to Oleg‘s accent have been found. However, in the fourth episode of season six, Oleg‘s mother comes to visit him, Sophie and their daughter. She has a Ukrainian accent just as Oleg does (―And the Godmama Drama,‖ 2016).
Fortunately, the dubbed version has preserved even her accent (―A křtiny,‖ 2017). It is the author‘s opinion that this makes the Czech version consistent and logical.
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4.3.10 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky – Analysis Result
The analysis has shown that Oleg‘s Ukrainian accent is also used in the speech of his
Czech counterpart. His accent is not a source of comedic relief and is not mentioned very often. The accent of Oleg‘s mother is also included in the Czech version.
Unfortunately, no article about the dubbing policies of this TV show has been found but it is possible that the accent has been preserved due to the fact that the Czech language belongs to the Slavic language family.
4.3.11 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky – the Author‗s Proposal
Fortunately, Oleg‘s accent has been preserved, therefore there is no need to propose another solution for the dubbing performance of his Czech counterpart. In the author‘s opinion, the only better option would be broadcasting 2 Broke Girls with its original sound and with subtitles.
4.3.12 Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky − Reception of the Accent
Unlike Jennifer Coolidge‘s Polish accent, Jonathan Kite‘s Ukrainian accent has received positive reactions. According to Entertainment Voice, it is easy to mistake his fake accent for a real one: ―Those who only know him from the show will be surprised to know – that accent is all an act. While his accent as Oleg isn‘t real, it goes to show how great he is with impressions . . .‖ (Beltran, 2015).
Another article mentions that ―one talent that helped Kite land the role is his knack for accents . . .‖ (Evans, 2011) and another one says, ―the Chicago native taps into the rich Eastern European culture of his hometown to convey an authentic accent‖
(Feigenbaum, 2012). Thus, the accent has received positive feedback.
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Unfortunately, no reaction to the accent made by a Ukrainian person could be found.
The negative reaction of the Polish person mentioned in chapter 4.3.6 includes both
Sophie and Oleg but it does not deal precisely with the accent, rather with the depiction of Ukrainian people on the show.
4.4 Anatoly Knyazev from Arrow
4.4.1 Anatoly Knyazev − His Accent
4.4.1.1 About David Nykl and His Accent
Anatoly Knyazev‘s accent is Russian. He is the former member of KGB and most of his scenes in later seasons occur in Russia (―Keep Your Enemies Closer,‖ 2013). The accent is not authentic; however, the native language of the actor comes from the same language family. The actor‘s name is David Nykl and he is of the Czech origin. Czech language, as Russian language, is a member of the Slavic language family. Before
Arrow, David Nykl was a part of another famous American TV show, Stargate. He did not use a strong accent in this show but he often used a lot of Czech words, often in an ironic and funny sense25.
David Nykl was born in Prague but he grew up in Canada and according to him, he speaks the Czech-Canadian hybrid (AdrianLorraine, 2008).
For Arrow, he puts on the Russian accent. When he was asked about the accent, he replied that ―speaking Czech helps. Uh, yeah, my family is Eastern European, too, so the accent is all around me in my household so I, I do it just naturally‖ (Florida
Supercon, 2014).
25 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzj90p338M8
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4.4.1.2 Anatoly Knyazev – Accent Analysis
The lines chosen for analysis have been extracted from the sixth episode of season two, which is Anatoly‘s second episode (he does not have many lines in the first one).
His lines are following, ―I do not know. But clearly she had issues breaking back out.
Gulag, the worst in Russia. It‘s called Koshmar.‖ Later he adds, ―It‘s full of violent psychopaths and killers. And that‘s just the guards‖ (―Keep Your Enemies Closer,‖
2013)26. The first difference in Anatoly‘s speech that can be noticed immediately is the different pronunciation of /r/. It is rolled and always pronounced. Another one is the different pronunciation of /ð/ in the phrase ―the worst‖, it sounds more as /z/. However, it is not present in other cases, such as ―the guards‖. He makes a clear distinction between /w/ and /v/ (―worst‖, ―violent‖) which contradicts the table in the theoretical chapter.
The second selected extract occurs in the fifth season, which is the last complete season. Anatoly says, ―You are many things, Oliver Queen, but until today I did not count naive as one of them. The people closest to you will always pay the most for your sins. You are paying for your father‘s. Who will pay for yours?‖27 (―Honor Thy
Fathers,‖ 2017). Again, rolled /r/ is well noticeable and /w/ in ―will‖ is pronounced properly. Unlike the previous example, /ð/ is never pronounced as /z/. Furthermore, the schwa /ə/ in ―today‖ is too strong and /h/ is pronounced as /x/ in ―who‖ (which corresponds to the table in chapter 1.3.5).
To summarize, even though the accent is not authentic, it still contains a lot of features of a Russian accent, the most significant being the rolled /r/.
26 See 0:17, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u97-iBI2iMA
27 See 2:02, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zREU7VewrQ
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4.4.2 Anatoly Knyazev − the Czech Dubbing Performance
The Czech dubbing actor who lends his voice to Anatoly Knyazev is Ladislav
Cigánek. His voice is used in all seasons that have been dubbed so far (oberon, 2013).
Anatoly first appears in season two, and fortunately, his Russian accent has been preserved in the Czech language from the time of his first appearance.
Unfortunately, no articles dealing with the dubbing performance of this TV show could be found. The only mention was found at the TVGURU website. This website is a project of several films and TV shows fans who have ranked the Arrow‘s Czech version among the four worst dubbed TV shows (Gobyová, 2017).
4.4.3 Anatoly Knyazev − References to the Accent
Anatoly first appears in the fourth episode of the second season. He speaks with his accent and even uses a Russian word. He says, ―they make all of us do this. Supposed to show prochnost. It‘s Russian. For strength‖ (―Crucible,‖ 2013). Thus, if the accent is unrecognizable to the viewer, its Russian origin is explained. In Czech, the Russian word is preserved, along with the accent, as was previously mentioned. The Czech version is ―Tohle dělají nám všem. Máme ukázat pročnost. To je rusky. Síla‖ (―Zkouška ohněm,‖ 2015).
On the other hand, in the sixth episode of the same season, when Anatoly talks in
Russian, he speaks Czech in the Czech version. ―Zdes‘ pyatsot tysyach rubley―28
(―Keep Your Enemies Closer,‖ 2013) is translated as ―Tady máte vašich pět set tisíc rublů‖ (―Přátelé si drž u těla, nepřátele ještě blíž,‖ 2015). Even though the Russian words are not preserved, they are still spoken with a Russian accent. The reason for
28 Found at http://transcripts.foreverdreaming.org/viewtopic.php?f=172&t=10232
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translating the Russian part could be the fact that not every Czech viewer can understand Russian.
Anatoly‘s Russian accent is not mentioned throughout the seasons. He becomes a well-known character and everyone around him is familiar with his accent. He does not interact with any characters who would not know about his origin since he interacts only with the main cast and other Russian people.
4.4.4 Anatoly Knyazev – Analysis result
Luckily, Anatoly‘s accent has been included in the Czech dubbed version. The
Russian language belongs to the group of Slavic languages and therefore, it is not very difficult for a Czech dubbing actor to imitate it. The dubbing actor, Ladislav Cigánek, uses Russian accent in the Czech language and Russian words, if they are short, are preserved. However, if the Russian monologue is longer, it is translated. The reason is probably the fact that Czech people would not understand what he is saying. His accent is not mentioned very often and since it is preserved, it is easily noticeable that he is an
Eastern-European foreigner.
4.4.5 Anatoly Knyazev – The Author‘s Proposal
As in the case of Oleg from 2 Broke Girls, the Czech version of Anatoly‘s accent does not need an improvement since the accent is present. The author‘s only proposal would be broadcasting with the original sound and subtitles but only because of
Anatoly‘s original voice, not because of a non-present accent in the Czech dubbing performance.
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4.4.6 Anatoly Knyazev − Reception of the Accent
Unfortunately, no article about the reception of Anatoly‘s accent has been found.
One of the creators, Marc Guggenheim, talked about the actor David Nykl in his interview with Time. He said:
And David Nykl, who plays Anatoli, is such a phenomenal actor. We will definitely
see him again. I can‘t say whether or not that will be in the flashback or the present
day, but we do have a tendency to write for the actors who we love. And David is
really, really terrific as Anatoli. So you haven‘t seen the last of him (Dodds, 2014).
David is praised for his role, however, since the accent is not mentioned precisely and since Guggenheim is a creator of the show (and thus he could be considered biased), this cannot be considered a positive reception of the accent itself.
The only other mention of Anatoly has been found on the previously mentioned
Tumblr website:
Let‘s take a look at ―Arrow‖ now. We‘ve got plenty of Russians here. Except they all
are shady gangsters with good intentions only for themselves. Yeah, the brotherhood
and severe loyalty in Bratva is depicted, but it‘s still a criminal organization. Got to
mention that they actually cast David Nykl who is Czech Canadian (so he‘s Slavic)
in the role of Anatoli, yet Kovar is played by a Swede (Fullfillmyfantasy, 2017).
To summarize, David‘s performance in Arrow is praised by the show‘s creator and the only mention found about the depiction of Russian people acknowledge the fact that at least he is of Slavic origin unlike the other actor who is Swede and who portrays another Russian character on the show.
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Conclusion
This diploma thesis focuses on the accents of English and their Czech dubbing. The theoretical chapter approaches the topic of accents and dubbing. Regarding accents, it introduces accents in general, two standards, General British and General American, and five accents that are connected to the research chapter, Indian, Spanish as spoken in
Latin America, Polish, Ukrainian and Russian. Then, a chapter is dedicated to the dubbing policies in general and the Czech dubbing art in particular. The topic dubbing versus subtitles is also been briefly discussed.
The following research chapter deals with the analysis of the accents and the Czech dubbing performances of five characters from four different TV shows. They are, Raj
Koothrappali from The Big Bang Theory, Gloria Pritchett from Modern Family, Sophia
Kachinski and Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky from 2 Broke Girls and Anatoly Knyazev from Arrow. First, their accents are analysed along with differences from standard and their authenticity. Then, the Czech dubbing performances are mentioned, the dubbing performances of the individual characters and the TV shows. References to the accents are discussed afterwards and finally, each character‘s analysis is followed by the analysis result and the proposal for the dubbed version.
It has been found that in the case of Raj Koothrappali, the accent has not been included in the Czech dubbing performance. When other characters try to sound like him, they either use an accent (that he does not have in the Czech version) or they do not use an accent at all (even though it is mentioned). Both cases do not make sense.
When he imitates the American accent, again, he either does not put on an accent at all or he puts it on, however, he is supposed to sound like other characters. This dubbing performance is confusing and it is not consistent.
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Another character analysed is Gloria Pritchett. The analysis has shown that her accent has not been preserved by both dubbing actresses in the Czech version of
Modern Family. When she mispronounces words which are mistaken for other words, the words chosen in the Czech version do not sound similar enough to be mixed up.
When she puts on the American accent, she either speaks slowly or she does not pronounce words correctly. Thus, the dubbed version of her accent is also inconsistent.
The analysis of another character, Sophie Kachinski from 2 Broke Girls, demonstrates that Sophie‘s accent has not been included at all in the Czech dubbing performance. Her accent is mentioned a few times and these mentions do not make sense since no accent can be heard.
The analysis of Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky‘s Czech counterpart from the same TV show has revealed that even though his accent is not mentioned very often (the fact that he is Ukrainian is known from the first season) and could be perhaps omitted, Oleg‘s accent is reflected in the Czech dubbing performance. Fortunately, even the accent of his mother is preserved.
The Russian accent of Anatoly Knyazev from Arrow has been included in the Czech version of this show. Similarly to Oleg, his accent is not mentioned very often since it is known that he is Russian and everyone is familiar with his accent. Some of the Russian words are preserved in the Czech version, however, when the Russian lines are longer, they are translated into Czech.
To conclude, only two accents out of all five analysed accents are reflected in the
Czech dubbing performances. They are Ukrainian and Russian. This could be perceived as the inclusion of accents of languages from the same language family, Slavic.
However, since Polish accent has not been included, this contradicts the original expectation from the Introduction. The reason why the Ukrainian accent has been 74
included and the Polish accent on the same TV show has not, is unknown, since, unfortunately, no online articles discussing the dubbing policy of 2 Broke Girls could be found and therefore, no explanation.
The author‘s proposal for the dubbing performances of all TV shows is following: broadcasting the TV show with its original sound is an ideal solution. If this is not possible, the accent should either be included altogether (since it is often the source of comedic relief) or, the mentions of it should be replaced with for example the colour of the character‘s voice. Whichever option is chosen, the dubbing performance should always be consistent and thoroughly made to prevent the confusion of Czech viewers and to create a logical and believable dubbing performance.
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Summary in English
This master‘s diploma thesis deals with accents of English and their dubbed
(translated) Czech versions. As primary sources, characters who speak with foreign accents from different American TV shows are used. They are, Raj Koothrappali from
The Big Bang Theory, Gloria Pritchett from Modern Family, Sophie Kachinski and
Vanko ―Oleg‖ Golishevsky from 2 Broke Girls and Anatoly Knyazev from Arrow.
The theoretical chapter contains the introduction to accents and then it specifies the accents analysed in the research chapter. The accents are: Indian, Colombian, Polish,
Ukrainian and Russian. This chapter also offers an insight into the topic of dubbing. The dubbing situation around the world and in the Czech Republic is mentioned. The question of dubbing versus subtitles is discussed as well.
The research chapter contains the author‘s own research. It deals with individual characters and their dubbing performances. First, the accent of each character is analysed along with his authenticity and differences from the standard. Then, the dubbing performance is introduced. Afterwards, the list of references to the accent follows along with the way it has been transferred into the Czech version of the TV show. The analysis of each character is summarized and accompanied with a proposal of how the situation could be handled better in the Czech dubbing.
The final conclusion contains findings from the analysis. It has been found that the
Czech dubbing art is considering the accent only in the case of the Ukrainian and
Russian accent, thus in the case of languages that belong to the group of Slavic languages. This does apply to the Polish accent even though it is also the member of the same family. The Indian and Colombian accents are not reflected in the Czech version at all.
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Summary in Czech
Tato magisterská diplomová práce se zabývá přízvuky (způsoby výslovnosti odlišné od normy) v anglickém jazyce a jejich dabingem v jazyce českém. Jako primární zdroj je využito pět postav z různých amerických seriálů, které hovoří s určitým přízvukem.
Tyto postavy jsou: Raj Koothrappali ze seriálu Teorie velkého třesku, Gloria Pritchett ze seriálu Taková moderní rodinka, Sophie Kachinski a Vanko Oleg Golishevsky ze seriálu 2 $ocky a Anatoly Knyzev ze seriálu Arrow.
Teoretická část slouží jako podklad pro část praktickou. Obsahuje úvod do problematiky přízvuků a poté upřesňuje cizí přízvuky zkoumané v teoretické části.
Těmito přízvuky jsou: indický přízvuk, kolumbijský přízvuk, polský přízvuk, ukrajinský přízvuk a ruský přízvuk. Tato část také poskytuje náhled do tematiky dabingu. Je zmíněna dabingová situace ve světě, historie a kapitola je věnována také pouze českému dabingu. Řeší se také otázka dabing versus titulky.
Praktická část obsahuje vlastní výzkum. Zabývá se jednotlivými postavami a jejich dabingem. Nejdříve je analyzován přízvuk každé postavy, jeho opravdovost
(autenticita) a rozdíly od standardu. Poté je představen její dabing a s tím spojený dabing konkrétního seriálu. Následuje výčet situací, ve kterých je přízvuk zmíněn a způsob, jakým je toto převedeno do české verze seriálu. Analýza každé postavy je zakončena shrnutím a návrhem, jak by situace v české verzi mohla být vylepšena.
Závěrečné shrnutí obsahuje poznatky z analýzy. Bylo zjištěno, že český dabing zachoval přízvuk jenom v případě přízvuků ukrajinského a ruského, tedy v případě jazyků, které patří stejně jako čeština do slovanské jazykové rodiny. Dabing však nezohlednil přízvuk polský i přesto, že do stejné rodiny patří taktéž. Přízvuky indický a kolumbijský zohledněny nebyly.
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Appendix: Transcript of a Scene Analysed
Gloria: Luke! Gloria: Hele!
Luke: At what? Luke: Na co?
Gloria: What do you mean, ―at Gloria: Jak to myslíš, na co? Říkám what‖? I said ―Luke.‖ hele.
Luke: I am looking. Luke: Já tě poslouchám.
Gloria: I know you are. Stay on the Gloria: Já vím, že jo. Choď po beams. Maybe it‘s here. Ay, dios mio! trámech. Možná je tady. Ay, dios mio!
El diablo! It's back! What is so special El diablo je zpět! Proč je ten andělíček about that angel, anyways? tak důležitý?
Luke: I don‘t know. I guess nana Luke: Já nevím, babča ho pro made it for mom and uncle Mitchell vyrobila pro mámu a strejdu Mitchella, when they were kids. když byli malí.
Gloria: Ay, that‘s nice. Look where Gloria: To je milé. Bacha, kam you‘re going! šlapeš.
Luke: To open more boxes. Oh, you Luke: Jdu na další krabice. Tys said ―look where you‘re going,‖ didn't říkala: bacha, kam šlapeš, že jo? you?
Gloria: Yes. Gloria: Jo.
Luke: Every time you say ―Luke,‖ I Luke: Vždycky, když voláš z dálky, think you're saying ―look.‖ špatně ti rozumím.
Gloria: I don‘t hear the difference. Gloria: Já za to nemůžu.
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Luke: It‘s not that hard. One is my Luke: Tak s tím něco dělej, mluv name. zřetelnějc.
Gloria: Juan is not your name! Stop Gloria: Hele nenapomínej mě, kidding around and look, Luke! Ay, I přestaň blbnout a dělej. Á, ty mě teď jen get it. ―Look‖ sounds like ―Luke.‖ trochu škádlíš.
Luke: Yes. Thank god. I‘ve been Luke: Jo, jasně. Nerozumím ti už carrying that one around for three years. tolik let.
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