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Index Acanthostega, 4, 16, 22, 28, 28–29, 83, Plates 1, 16 arcus palatini, 111, 112 Acanthostomatops, 54, 90 Ariekanerpeton, 36, 38 Acceleration, 174 Asaphestera, 41, 43, 88 Acheloma, 50, 94 atavism, 237 Acherontiscidae, 46 autecology, 194 Acroplous, 54 autochthonous, 193 Actinopterygii, 14 autopod, 20 adaptive radiation, 248 Autun, 87 Adductor mandibulae, 110, 111 axolotl, 174, 175 Adelogyrinus, 41 Adelospondyli, 41, 46 Balanerpeton, 53–4, 85 Airdrie, 86 Baphetes, 26, 32 Aïstopoda, 41, 45–6 Baphetidae, 32 Albanerpeton, 58 Basibranchial, 113 Albanerpetontidae, 58–9, 229 Batrachia, 62–8 allochthonous, 193 batrachian operculum, 120 allometry, 158, 171, 172 Batrachichnus, 148 allopatry, 246 Batrachiderpeton, 45 Ambystoma, 155–6 Batrachosauroides, 68 Amniota, 47–8, 47 Batropetes, 41, 43, Plate 11 Amphibamidae, 55 Beelzebufo, 65 Amphibamus, 55, 88, Plate 11 Beiyanerpeton, 68, 101 Amphibia, 2 body plan, 179 Amphisauropus, 148 body size, 240 Andrias, 17, Plate 12 Boscovice, 87 Angara, 84 Brachydectes, 41, 44 anocleithrum, 20, 132 braincase, 15, 16 Anthracosauria, 33–7, 35, Plate 2 branchial arch, 115 Anthracosaurus, 35, 37 Branchierpeton, 90 Anura, 62 COPYRIGHTEDBranchiosauridae, MATERIAL 56, Plates 8, 10 Apateon, 55, 89, 90, 108, Plates 8, 10 Broomistega, 96 Apoda, 70 Bystrowiella, 39, 40 Apodops, 70 Apomorphy, 8 Cacops, 50, 52, 92, 94, Plate 5 Archaeothyris, 89 caecilians, 68 Archegosaurus, 49, 57, Plate 11 Calligenethlon, 37 Archeria, 35, 37, 91, Plate 2 Callistomordax, 97, 98 Amphibian Evolution: The Life of Early Land Vertebrates, First Edition. Rainer R. Schoch. © 2014 Rainer R. Schoch. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 0002071972.INDD 260 1/18/2014 11:32:06 AM Callobatrachus, 101 Diplocaulus, 41, 45, 91, 92, Plate 3 canalization, 209 direct development, 158 cannibalism, Plate 7 Discosauriscidae, 36, 38 Capitosauria, 57 Discosauriscus, 36, 38, 90, Plate 2 Capitosauroides, 147 disparity, 249–52 carpus, 20 Dissorophidae, 55 Carrolla, 41 Dissorophoidea, 54 Casineria, 48 Dissorophus, 92 Caudata, 67–8 diversity, 249–52 cell volume, 245 Döhlen, 87 Celtedens, 58, 99, 101 Dolese, 87 Cephalerpeton, 88 Doleserpeton, 50, 55, 94 ceratobranchial, 113, 116 Dvinosauria, 54 characters, 8 Dvinosaurus, 50, 54 Cheese Bay, 86 Chelotriton, 101, 108, Plate 12 ear, 119–122, 120 Chroniosaurus, 39, 40, Plate 2 inner, 119, 120 Chroniosuchia, 38–9, 40, Plate 2 middle, 119, 120 Chroniosuchus, 40 East Kirkton, 85 Choana, 24 Ecolsonia, Plate 4 Chunerpeton, 68, 101 Eldeceeon, 85 chytridiomycosis, 252 electroreception, 118 clade, 8 Elgin, 84 cladistics, 8, 222 Ellesmere Island, 84 clavicle, 20 Embolomeri, 33, 35 cleithrum, 20 endocranium, 14, 15, 16 Cochleosaurus, 52, 88 Eocaecilia, 70, 99, Plate 12 Colosteidae, 31 Eodiscoglossus, 65 Colosteus, 32 Eoherpeton, 37 community, 193 Eopelobates, 101 constraints, 240 epibranchial, 113 Cope’s rule, 243 Erpetosaurus, 54 Crassigyrinus, 30, 32 Eryopoidea, 56–7 Crinodon, 43, 89 Eryops, 50, 52, 56–7, 92 Czatkobatrachus, 65 ethmoid unit, 15 Czatkowice, 96 Eucritta, 32, 85 Eudibamus, 93 death assemblage, 193 Euramerica, 83, 84, 86, 87 deceleration, 174 Euryodus, 92 Delta, 86 Eusthenopteron, 15, 16, 26, 28, 158, Plate 16 Dendrerpeton, 50, 52, 53–4, 88 evo-devo, 179 depressor mandibulae, 111, 112 eye pigments, fossil, 108 dermal skull, 15, 16 excavation, Plate 14 developmental trajectory, 163, 164, 166 extant phylogenetic bracket,107, 127 developmental rate, 245 extinction, 249–52 Developmental evolution, 245 extrascapular, 15 Diadectes, 93 Diadectidae, 48 feeding, 127, 143 Diagenesis, 193 aquatic, 129–130 Dicamptodon, 18, 60, 156 femur, 20 Dimetrodon, 93 fibula, 20 diphyly hypothesis, 227 Fort Sill, 93 Diplocaulidae, 45 fossil calibration, 230 INDEX 261 0002071972.INDD 261 1/18/2014 11:32:06 AM fossil record, 249 Jarilinus, 40 frogs, 62 Jarrow, 86 functional scenario, 127 Jeckenbach, 90 Jehol Biota, 100 Gaildorf, 203 Jeholotriton, 101 gene regulation, 179 Joggins, 88 genome size, 245 Georgenthalia, 93 Karaurus, 17, 66, 67, 100 Gephyrostegida, 46, 47 Karoo, 95 Gephyrostegus, 47, 89 Karpinskiosaurus, 36, 38 Gerobatrachus, 62, 55 Kayenta Formation, 99 Gerrothorax, 58, 97, 98, Plate 11 Keraterpeton, 45 gigantism, 241, 243, Plate 9 Keuper, 98, 199–200 gill arches, 15, 17, 114 key innovation, 236 gill lamellae, 115, 116 Kokartus, 67 gill raker, 115 Koolasuchus, 100 gill septum, 116 Kupferzell, 199 gills, 113 Kupferzellia, 97, Plate 11 external, 115, 116 Kyrinion, 32 internal, 114, 115, 116 fossil, 108 Lagerstätten, 82, 94, 97, 99, 100, Gnathostomata, 14 101, 250 Gondwana, 83, 84, 86, 87 Laccotriton, 101 Goniorhynchiade, 43 larvae, 217 Grave assemblage, 193 Las Hoyas, 101 Greer, 86 lateral line, 118, 119 Greererpeton, 4, 26, 32 Lebach, 90, 198, 199 Guimarota, 99 lepospondyl hypothesis, 226–7 Gymnarthridae, 43 Lepospondyli, 40–7, 41 Gymnarthrus, 92 Lethiscus, 45 Gymnophiona, 68–70 levator palatoquadrati, 111, 112 Liaoxitriton, 101 Hapsidopareion, 43 life assemblage, 193 heterochrony, 158, 174, 174–178, 244, 245 life cycle, 209–219 heterotopy, 178 life history evolution, 209 histology, 167–170, Plate 10 limbs, 19, 20, 144, 145 Horton Bluff, 86 limb development, 182, 183 humerus, 20 Limnogyrinus, 88 hybridization, 246–7 Limnopus, 148 Hylerpeton, 88 Linton, 86, 88 Hylonomus, 48, 88 Lissamphibia, 2, 59–70 hyobranchial apparatus, 119 extant, Plate 13 hyoid arch, 131, 132, 133 fossil, Plate 12 hyomandibula, 136, 137 origin, 224, 225, 226 hypermorphosis, 174 live-bearing, 246 Llistrofus, 43 Ichthyosaura, 156, Plate 12 locomotion, 146–7 Ichthyophis, 157 Loxomma, 32 Ichthyostega, 22, 26, 28, 29, 83, Plates 1, 16 lung, 119 ilium, 20 reduction, 240 intercentrum, 21 Lydekkerina, 96 ischium, 20 Lysorophia, 41, 44 Isodectes, 54, 88 Lysorophus, 92 262 INDEX 0002071972.INDD 262 1/18/2014 11:32:07 AM macroevolution, 235 Pangea, 87 Madygenerpeton, 39, 40 Pantylus, 41, 43, 92 Makowskia, 38 papilla amphibiorum, 120 Marmorerpeton, 67 papilla basilaris, 120 mass extinction, 251 Pasawioops, 94 Mastodonsaurus, 97, 98, Plates 9, 14, 16 Pederpes, 31, 85 Mazon Creek, 86, 88 pedicely, 60 Megalocephalus, 32 pedomorphosis, 158, 174, Mesophryne, 101 Pelodosotis, 41, 43 Messel, 101 pelvis, 24 metamorphosis, 154, 158, 214, 216 pentadactyly, 146 Miguasha, 84 peramorphosis, 174 Micraroter, 43 peripatry, 246 Micromelerpetidae, 55 pharyngobranchial, 113 Micromelerpeton, 89 Phlegethontia, 41, 46, 89 Microsauria, 41, 42 Pholiderpeton, 35, 37 Microbrachis, 41, 43 Phonerpeton, Plate 4 Micropholis, 96 phylogeny, 222–231 miniaturization, 240–44, 241, 242 Plagiosauridae, 57–8 modularity, 135 Plagiosuchus, 97 molecular clock, 230 Plagiosternum, 98 Mordex, 55, 89 plasticity, 158, 209, 212 Platyhistrix, 92 Nectridea, 41, 44–5 pleurocentrum, 21 neoteny, 154, 158, 214, 216–17 polydactyly, 145 neural arch, 21 postdisplacement, 174 Newsham, 86 predisplacement, 174 Niederhäslich, 89, 90 preoperculum, 115 Niederkirchen, 199 prey capture, 129–130 nomenclature, 10 Procera, 227 Notobatrachus, 65 progenesis, 174 novelty, 235 Prosalirus, 65, 99 Nýrany,̌ 82, 86, 88, 196–7 Proterogyrinus, 18, 26, 35, 37 Protopterus, 246 Odernheim, 89, 197–9, 198 pubis, 20 Oestocephalus, 46, 88 Puertollano, 87 Onchiodon, 57, 90 punctuated equilibria, 238 opercular muscle (Batrachia), 120 opercular muscles (fishes), 112 Quasicaecilia, 43 operculum, 15, 115 Ophiderpeton, 46, 85 Radius, 20 Organizer, 179 reaction norm, 158, 209–211, 212 Orobates, 93 red beds, 91, 92 ossification sequence, 163–7, 166, 180 reproduction, 246 Ossinodus, 31 Reptiliomorpha, 224 Osteichthyes, 14 respiration, 141 Ostodolepidae, 43 respiratory organs, 119 otoccipital unit, 15 Rhinesuchus, 96 Rhynchonkos, 41, 43 Palaeoherpeton, 35, 37 ribs, 22, 23 palatoquadrate, 15, 131 Romer’s gap, 30 paleoecology, 191, 193–196 Rotliegend, 90 Panderichthys, 27, 28 Rubricacaecilia, 70 INDEX 263 0002071972.INDD 263 1/18/2014 11:32:07 AM Saar-Nahe, 87 Tersomius, 94 sacrum, 24 Tethys, 89, 94 salamanders, 67–8 Tetrapoda, 9–11, 14–23 Salamandra, 155 Tetrapodomorpha, 25–31 Salientia, 63–5 Thabanchuia, 54, 96 salinity, 89, 96 tibia, 20 Sarcopterygii, 14 Tiktaalik, 27, 28 Sauropleura, 41, 88 time averaging, 193 Sauravus, 45 total evidence, 222 Saxonerpeton, 43 Trachystegos, 43 Scapherpeton, 68 Trematolestes, 52, Plate 16 scapula, 20, 120 Trematopidae, 55 Scincosauridae, 45 Trematops, 92 Scincosaurus, 45, 88 Trematosauria, 57 Sclerocephalus, 17, 18, 20, 57, 89, 108, Plates 6, 7, 16 Triadobatrachus, 64, 65 Seymouria, 36, 38, 93, Plate 2 Triassurus, 67 Seymouriamorpha, 36, 37, Plate 2 Trimerorhachis, 52, 54, 91, 92 Seymouriidae, 37 Triturus, 156 Shomronella, 65 trophic level, 204 Shpinarerpeton, 38 Tuditanus, 43 Sinerpeton, 101 Tula, 84 skin breathing, 119, 240 Tulerpeton, 29 skin, fossil, 108 Tupilakosaurus, 54 skull, 14–19 tympanum, 120, 139–40 skull mobility, 133 Silvanerpeton, 35, 37, 85 ulna, 20 Solenodonsaurus, 89 Uranocentrodon, 96 Sparodus, 43, 89 Urocordylidae, 44 speciation, 246–48 Urodela, 67 species, 246 Urumqia, 38 spiracle, 120, 122, 132, 136 Urupia, 67 Spitsbergen, 96 Utegenia, 36, 38 stapedial muscle, 120 stapes, 120, 137 Valdotriton, 68, 101 stasis, 238–40, 239 Variscan mountains, 87 stem-amphibians, 48 Vellberg, 200, 201–3, stem-tetrapods, 25–31 Ventastega, 27, 28 Stereospondyli, 57 vertebrae, 20, 21 subcranial muscle, 112 Viaerella, 65 sympatry, 246 vicariance, 248 synecology, 194 visceral muscles, 112 visceral skeleton, 14 tadpole, 153, 154, 157 viviparity, 246 Tambach, 87, 93 Tambachia, 93 Westlothiana, 48, 85 taphocenosis, 194 Whatcheeria, 26, 85 taphonomy, 193, 195 Whatcheeriidae, 31 tarsus, 20 temnospondyl hypothesis, 224–5 Zatracheidae, 54 Temnospondyli, 48 Zatrachys, 54, 92 terrestriality, 252 zygapophysis, 21 264 INDEX 0002071972.INDD 264 1/18/2014 11:32:07 AM.
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    Ohio J. Science 7-11 MINE, PENNSYLVANIAN FAUNA, OHIO 55 An Overview of the Upper Carboniferous Fossil Deposit at Linton, Ohio1 ROBERT W. HOOK2 and DONALD BAIRD, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 and Museum of Natural History, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 ABSTRACT. The cannel coal that underlies the Upper Freeport coal (Westphalian D, Upper Carboniferous) at Linton in Jefferson County, Ohio, has yielded a remarkable fossil assemblage of at least 10 invertebrate taxa and nearly 40 vertebrate taxa. Spirorbid worms, crustaceans (primarily syncarids and conchostracans), and fishes (coelacanths, haplolepid palaeoniscoids, and xenacanth sharks) are the most abundant fossils in the deposit; small aquatic amphibians (including nectridean, temnospondyl, and aistopod species) are also common. Other arthropod and tetrapod taxa are exceedingly rare and possess obvious adaptations for terres- trial existence. The fossiliferous cannel originated as the sapropelic filling of an approximately 15-m-deep abandoned river meander within an alluviated delta plain setting. Remains of animals that lived in and near the freshwater oxbow accumulated in this anaerobic, scavenger-free lake bottom. The assemblage is autochthonous at the scale of the floodplain lake and its margins and represents a lowland biocoenose. Previous paleoecological interpretations of the Linton assemblage and similar Westphalian vertebrate deposits cannot be upheld because they are based largely on paleontological inferences and incorrect paleoenvironmental diagnoses. OHIO J. SCI. 88 (1): 55-60, 1988 INTRODUCTION setting. The purpose of this overview is to summarize The remarkable abundance and diversity of fossil ver- paleontological and geological information pertaining tebrates from a once-active underground coal mine at to the Linton locality.
  • Katedra Geologie a Paleontologie Přírodovědecká Fakulta Univerzity Karlovy V Praze

    Katedra Geologie a Paleontologie Přírodovědecká Fakulta Univerzity Karlovy V Praze

    Katedra geologie a paleontologie Přírodovědecká fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCA Variabilita stavcov permokarbónskych lepospondylných obojživelníkov Pavel Danko Školiteľ: Doc. RNDr. Zbyněk Roček, DrSc. september 2004 2 POĎAKOVANIE Chcem poďakovať predovšetkým svojmu školiteľovi a konzultantovi pánu doc. RNDr. Zbyňkovi Ročkovi DrSc. z katedry zoológie PřF – UK v Prahe za odborné vedenie, cenné rady a pripomienky pri písaní diplomovej práce. Ďakujem RNDr. Martinovi Košťakovi z katedry geologie a paleontologie PřF – UK v Prahe za poskytnutie fosilného materiálu z paleontologických zbierok, Mgr. Borisovi Ekrtovi z paleontologického oddelenia Národního muzea v Prahe a doc. RNDr. Jaroslavovi Kraftovi CSc. zo Západočeského muzea v Plzni za sprístupnenie fosilného materiálu a poskytnutie techniky (digitálny fotoaparát, optický mikroskop, binokulárna lupa) k ďalšiemu spracovaniu získaných informácii počas výskumu. Na záver chcem poďakovať svojim rodičom a kolegom z katedry geológie a paleontológie PřF – UK v Prahe za podporu a uznanie v mojej vedeckej práci. Prehlasujem, že som diplomovú prácu vypracoval samostatne s použitím odbornej literatúry a súhlasím s jej zapožičiavaním. ________________________ 3 Obsah 1. Úvod 5 1.0. Deskriptívna terminológia definitívneho stavca 2.0. Embryonálny pôvod stavca 3.0. Fylogenetická diferenciácia stavca u raných obojživelníkov 4.0. Problém lepospondylného stavca 1.4.1 Historický prehľad názorov na charakter a vznik lepospondylného stavca 2. Materiál a metodika 26 3. Výsledky 27 Labyrinthodontia Discosauriscus pulcherrimus (Fritsch, 1879) Discosauriscus potamites (Steen, 1938) Discosauriscus sp. Letoverpeton austriacum (Makowsky, 1876) Letoverpeton moravicum (Fritsch, 1879) Lepospondyli Microbrachis pelikani Frič, 1876 Hyloplesion longicostatum (Frič, 1876) Sauropleura scalaris (Frič, 1876) Scincosaurus crassus Frič, 1876 4 Phlegethontia longissima (Frič, 1876) (partim) + Oestocephalus amphiuminum (Cope, 1868) (partim) podľa Andersona, Carrolla & Roweho (2003) Oestocephalus granulosum (Frič, 1879) 4.