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Redalyc.Parasitismo De Catolaccus Grandis Y Catolaccus Hunteri

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Redalyc.Parasitismo De Catolaccus Grandis Y Catolaccus Hunteri Agrociencia ISSN: 1405-3195 [email protected] Colegio de Postgraduados México Cortez Mondaca, Edgardo; Martínez Carrillo, José Luis; Leyva Vázquez, Jorge Luis; Vargas Camplis, Jesús; Rodríguez del Bosque, Luis A. Parasitismo de catolaccus grandis y catolaccus hunteri (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) sobre el picudo del algodonero (anthonomus grandis boheman) Agrociencia, vol. 38, núm. 5, septiembre-octubre, 2004, pp. 497-501 Colegio de Postgraduados Texcoco, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30238503 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto PARASITISMO DE Catolaccus grandis Y Catolaccus hunteri (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) SOBRE EL PICUDO DEL ALGODONERO (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) PARASITISM BY Catolaccus grandis AND Catolaccus hunteri (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ON THE COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) Edgardo Cortez-Mondaca1, Nina M. Bárcenas-Ortega2, José L. Martínez-Carrillo3, Jorge L. Leyva-Vázquez2, Jesús Vargas-Camplis4 y Luis A. Rodríguez del-Bosque4 1Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte. INIFAP. Km 1609. Carretera Internacional México- Nogales. Juan José Ríos, Sinaloa. 81110. ([email protected]). 2Programa en Entomología y Acarología. Instituto de Fitosanidad. IFIT. Colegio de Postgraduados. 56230. Montecillo, Estado de México. 3INIFAP-CIRNO-CEVY. 85000. Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. 4INIFAP-CIRNE- CERIB. 88900. Río Bravo, Tamaulipas. RESUMEN ABSTRACT En este estudio se evaluó por primera vez el parasitismo de In this research parasitism by Catolaccus hunteri Crawford was Catolaccus hunteri Crawford sobre el picudo del algodonero evaluated for the first time in the field to determine its Anthonomus grandis Boheman en condiciones de campo, com- effectiveness against the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis parándolo con el de Catolaccus grandis (Burks). Los parasitoides Boheman, and to compare it with that of Catolaccus grandis se obtuvieron de diferentes hospederos: C. grandis se crió en A. (Burks). The parasitoids were reared from different hosts: C. grandis y C. hunteri en el gorgojo del garbanzo (Callosobruchus grandis from A. grandis and C. hunteri from the cowpea weevil maculatus (F.)). Los resultados obtenidos mediante el cálculo (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.(). Results obtained from cohort de tablas de vida en cohortes del insecto mostraron un parasi- life table analysis showed 39.8% parasitism by C. grandis and tismo de 39.8% por C. grandis y 42.0% por C. hunteri, en 42.0% by C. hunteri on cotton boll weevil third instars. The two larvas de tercer ínstar de A. grandis, lo que indica que las dos parasites were similar in effectiveness, regardless of the host especies tuvieron una efectividad semejante sin importar el from which they were reared. Mortality of A. grandis second hospedero de procedencia. Se observó mortalidad de larvas de instars and pupae was also observed; this is attributed to the segundo ínstar y de pupas del picudo del algodonero que se feeding effect, or venom released by female parasitoids, and by atribuye a la alimentación o envenenamiento originado por las parasitism. In both cases, the higher mortality was caused by C. hembras de ambos parasitoides y por parasitismo. En ambos hunteri. In the two plots where the entomophagous wasps were casos la mayor mortalidad correspondió a C. hunteri. En las released, A. grandis caused damage to the upper bolls of more dos parcelas con liberación de los entomófagos, A. grandis re- than 35% from the first sampling, and in the control plot damage gistró un daño en fructificaciones superior a 35% desde el was more than 15%. primer muestreo, y en la parcela testigo el daño fue superior a 15%. Key words: Anthonomus grandis, cohort, factitious host, unexplained mortality, life tables. Palabras clave: Anthonomus grandis, cohorte, hospedero facticio, mortalidad inexplicable, tablas de vida. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCCIÓN n 1989 C. grandis was selected as the most promising candidate to use against the cotton boll weevil (King, n 1989 C. grandis fue seleccionado como el can- I1998), given its search capacity and specificity. didato más promisorio para emplearse contra el Moreover, in several studies parasitism levels between E picudo del algodonero (King,1998), dada su ca- 70 and 90% have been obtained (Morales-Ramos et al., pacidad de búsqueda y especificidad. Además, en dife- 1995). C. hunteri is also a parasite of A. grandis, although rentes estudios se han obtenido niveles de parasitismo it is less specific (Cross and Chesnut, 1971). In weevil- entre 70 y 90% (Morales-Ramos et al., 1995). C. hunteri infested cotton bolls, there was a higher incidence of C. también parasita a A. grandis, aunque es menos específico hunteri collected in the field than of C. grandis (Bárcenas et al., 1997). Also, C. hunteri is distributed over a wider Recibido: Julio, 2003. Aprobado: Julio, 2004. range of environmental conditions than C. grandis (Cross Publicado como NOTA en Agrociencia 38: 497-501. 2004. and Mitchel, 1969). It was hypothesized that C. hunteri 497 498 AGROCIENCIA VOLUMEN 38, NÚMERO 5, SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2004 (Cross y Chesnut, 1971). En fructificaciones de algodo- is an effective parasitoid against A. grandis. The nero infestadas con el picudo, recolectadas en el campo, objective of this study was to compare the parasitism of su incidencia ha superado a la de C. grandis (Bárcenas C. grandis and C. hunteri on the cotton boll weevil under et al., 1997). Además, C. hunteri está distribuido en un field conditions. rango mayor de condiciones ambientales que C. grandis (Cross y Mitchel, 1969). Como hipótesis se planteó que MATERIALS AND METHODS C. hunteri es un parasitoide efectivo de A. grandis. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el parasitismo de C. The study was conducted in the Campo Experimental Río grandis y C. hunteri sobre el picudo del algodonero en Bravo (CERIB), of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones condiciones de campo. Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Río Bravo, Tamaulipas. The crop was planted during the first half of March 2000; three MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS experimental plots were set up, each with 4000 m2 with the following treatments: 1) release of C. grandis (Cg); 2) release of El trabajo se efectuó en el Campo Experimental Río Bravo C. hunteri (Ch); 3) commercial pest control (T). (CERIB), del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Catolaccus grandis was produced in CERIB on A. grandis Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), en Río Bravo, Tamaulipas. El larvae. C hunteri was reared in the Instituto de Fitosanidad del cultivo se sembró en la primera quincena de marzo de 2000, con Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México, for tres parcelas experimentales de 4000 m2 cada una, con los si- four-years in the factitious host Callosobruchus maculatus (Col: guientes tratamientos: 1) Liberación de C. grandis (Cg); 2) libera- Bruchidae), and later transported in the pupa stage to CERIB by ción de C. hunteri (Ch); 3) testigo con manejo comercial de la plane. Of each parasitoid species in each experimental plot, 1500 plaga (T). females/ha/week were released over a six-week period beginning Catolaccus grandis fue producido en el CERIB, sobre larvas at crop fructification. In the treatment Cg, parasitoids were released de A. grandis. C. hunteri se produjo en el Instituto de Fitosanidad from May 22 to July 3 and in the Ch treatmen from May 18 to del Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México, en June 29. In T insecticides were sprayed eight times, seven for A. el hospedero facticio Callosobruchus maculatus (Col: Bruchidae), grandis control. In the plots where parasitoids were released en una cría de cuatro años, y se trasladó en estado de pupa al insecticide was sprayed once against sleah hopper CERIB por vía aérea. Se liberaron 1500 hembras de cada especie (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hem: Miridae) and A. grandis parasitoide por ha/semana, durante seis semanas a partir de la before crop fructification (Table 1). fructificación del cultivo, en cada parcela experimental: en el The technique of open cohorts (Morales-Ramos et al., 1995) tratamiento Cg, las liberaciones se realizaron del 22 de mayo al 3 was used. Ten floral buds recently infested by A. grandis were tied de julio y en el tratamiento Ch del 18 de mayo al 29 de junio. En with a cord, 10 cm apart. The cords were placed along the row at el T se hicieron ocho aspersiones de insecticidas, siete contra A. the base of the crop plants at a height of 10 to 15 cm and left for grandis. En las parcelas con liberaciones se hizo una aspersión 14 days. Later, the buds were picked and taken to the laboratory contra la pulga saltona (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) (Reuter) for dissection. Weevil mortality, cause of death and stage of (Hem: Miridae) y A. grandis, antes de la fructificación del culti- development in which they died were determined. Six cords were vo (Cuadro 1). put in place twice a week in each experimental plot beginning in Se empleó la técnica de la cohorte abierta (Morales-Ramos et the first week of parasitoid release, from May 25 to June 18, for a al., 1995) atando diez cuadros (botones florales) recién infesta- total of eight cohorts. In the calculation of the life tables, the size dos por A. grandis con un cordel, dejando 10 cm entre cada uno. of the specific mortality factor (Qx) and indispensable mortality Los cordones se colocaron a lo largo del surco en la base de las (Ix) were obtained with the method of Southwood (1978); the plantas del cultivo, a una altura de 10 a 15 cm durante 14 días. number of live individuals that begin age x (Nx) was calculated Después se recogieron los cuadros y se llevaron al laboratorio with the Krebs procedure (1985).
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