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The Creation of Two New Provinces in Papua New Guinea — a Story of False Starts and Near Fatal Collisions

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The Creation of Two New Provinces in Papua New Guinea — a Story of False Starts and Near Fatal Collisions The Creation of Two New Provinces in Papua New Guinea — A Story of False Starts and Near Fatal Collisions MANASUPE ZURENUOC AND FELICITY HERBERT SSGM DISCUSSION PAPER 2017/2 Sir Manasupe Zurenuoc OBE Kt made an enor- allow for the recognition of the Hela world view and mous contribution to Papua New Guinea. During his philosophy. The Hela world view, ‘revolved around career in public service he touched many lives and the value of the ultimate common good of the col- will be fondly remembered. Sir Manasupe was deeply lective wellbeing of this clan state’ (ibid.:3). committed to the establishment of the new provinces The people of Hela have their own version of and celebrated with the people of Hela and Jiwaka the old testament and a reverence for Dadagaliwabe when the new provinces came into effect. Just as he who commanded his own laws and spoke to the did, I am sure he would want you all to enjoy the Hela people (Hela Gimbu Association 2006:4–5). high and lows and the great characters that contrib- According to Hela mythology, the light (laitebo) uted to the creation of the new provinces. burning within the Gigira (one of the prophetic Introduction mountains in Hela) would one day light up the whole land. The Hela people believe that the Hides The creation of two new provinces, Hela and Jiwaka, gas project fulfilled this prophecy, as the actual gas, in 2012 will be remembered as a great event in and also infrastructure associated with the pro- the political history of Papua New Guinea. How- ject, have brought development to the Hela people, ever, like all great events it had many false starts lighting up the whole land. The more recent LNG and some near fatal collisions. The period from project is a further affirmation of this prophecy as 2010 to 2012 held exciting times for Papua New development continues to come to the Hela people Guinea. There was an unprecedented political (Hela Gimbu Association 2006:13–14). impasse between Sir Michael Somare and Hon It was not until the 1950s that the people of Peter O’Neill, attempts were made to remove pro- Hela had any significant outside influence. In the vincial electorates and Exxon Mobil was preparing late 1960s, the Hela people formed the Hela Asso- to invest heavily in a gas pipeline and processing ciation (now renamed the Hela Gimbu Associa- plant. This discussion paper will attempt to provide tion) to represent the people of Hela and their own some insight into some of these events and con- sider why after 36 years the dreams of the Hela and interests (Hela Gimbu Association 2006:3). The Jiwaka people were finally fulfilled. Hela Gimbu Association survives today and was a key stakeholder throughout the fight for a new Hela The Start of the Hela Movement Province and its formation. No discussion of the Hela movement would be com- In 1974, Hon Andrew Wabira, member for plete without mentioning the deep religious and Koroba-Kopiago, moved a motion in the old spiritual mythology underpinning the Hela people. House of Assembly calling for the creation of the The Hela people see themselves as comprised of a Hela Province. The motion was debated in 1976 number of clans living in a federation, ultimately but it was not until 2000 when Hon Alfred Kaibe, seeking self-determination which amounts to the member for Tari-Pori, lodged a ability to define their civilisation through the Hela petition in parliament to create world view and philosophy (Hela Gimbu Associa- the Hela Province that new life tion 2006:2). The creation of a Hela provincial gov- was breathed into the fight (Hela ernment would formalise the existing Hela clans and Gimbu Association 2006:3). State, Society & Governance in Melanesia ssgm.bellschool.anu.edu.au Manasupe Zurenuoc and Felicity Herbert In September 2002, during a visit to Tari, Prime boundaries across the entire country, with many Minister Grand Chief Sir Michael Somare promised new electorates being created which would impact he would investigate the possible establishment of a on the voting base for many incumbent and future Hela Province. Soon after, cabinet directed the estab- members. With the election due in mid-2007, it lishment of a parliamentary committee, in consulta- was now likely that there would be no new provinc- tion with the Boundaries Commission, to report on es (or electorates) at the upcoming general election. the establishment of new provinces (Abal 2006:7). Submissions Received by the Parliamentary Work of the Parliamentary Committee Committee Hon Sir Peter Barter the then minister for intergov- The Parliamentary Committee received submis- ernmental relations appointed the following mem- sions seeking the establishment of two new prov- bers to the committee: inces. Not surprisingly, a new province in Southern • Hon Sam Abal MP, Chairperson Highlands (Hela) and another in Western High- • Hon Don Polye MP, Minister for Transport and lands (Jiwaka). There were other proposals from Higher Education East New Britain and Morobe. However, no formal • Hon William Duma MP, Minister for Environ- proposal was lodged by East New Britain and the ment and Conservation governor for Morobe decided not to pursue the • Hon Moses Maladina MP, Member for Esa’ala matter (Abal 2006:2). • Hon Byron Chan MP, Member for Namatanai. Jiwaka Submission However, the creation of new provinces would The people of Western Highlands divide themselves involve the redistribution of electorates and this into two dominant ethnic groups, the Waghi and could only be done with the cooperation of another Melpa people. The Waghi claim to be quieter and body, the Boundaries Commission. According to less aggressive than the Melpa people and are often the Organic Law on National and Local-level Gov- fearful of the Melpa. The Waghi are numerically ernment Elections, the Boundaries Commission is less and claim to be underrepresented and neglect- responsible for the redistribution of electorates as ed in the provincial government and administra- well as determining the number and boundaries of tion (Abal 2006:22–23). open electorates. The Boundaries Commission was The Parliamentary Committee reported large already hard at work and had conducted their own supportive crowds in Kudjip, Banz and Nondugl in consultation throughout the entire country. How- North Wahgi and Tabibuga in Jimi. They estimated ever, the focus was on open electorates rather than a crowd of 10,000 in Banz and 3000 in Nondugl. provincial electorates. Given the difficulties in attending such rallies, these According to the Parliamentary Report, the were impressive numbers. All political representa- relationship between the Parliamentary Com- tives from Jiwaka were in favour of a new province mittee and the Boundaries Commission was best (Abal 2006:21–22). described as poor. The Boundaries Commission decided its work was confidential and did not share Hela Submission any information with the Parliamentary Commit- The Hela people saw themselves as extending tee (Abal 2006:8). This was a major setback for the beyond the boundaries of Tari-Pori electorate, the Parliamentary Committee. Koroba-Kopiago electorate and Komo-Magarima The first report of the Boundaries Commis- electorate but to also include people living in sion presented to parliament in February 2006 was Bosavi, and around Pimaga and Kutubu. There promptly rejected, and again rejected a second were even wider proposals to include those people time in April 2006. The second rejection signalled living in Kandep and Pogera districts in Enga the end of the process and a failure to change any and in Nomad in Western Province. However, in boundaries or create new electorates. The report light of the recent rejection of the report by the recommended significant changes to the electoral Boundaries Commission the committee decided SSGM2 Discussion Paper 2012/1 State, Society http://ips.cap.anu.edu.au/ssgm & Governance in Melanesia SSGM Discussion Paper 2017/2 that it would assume the boundaries for the The Proposed 2007 Amendment to the new Hela Province would be Tari-Pori, Koroba- Organic Law on Provincial Boundaries Kopiago and Komo-Magarima (Abal 2006:11). Not It seemed as though the people of Hela and Jiwaka to mention the practical difficulties of creating an were going to have their wish. In early 2007, the electorate of this nature. government tabled an amendment to the Organic Unlike in Jiwaka, the Hela people carefully con- Law on Provincial Boundaries, which varied the nected the creation of the new province to ongoing boundaries for Southern Highlands Province so security in the region. According to the Parliamen- that Tari-Pori, Koroba-Kopiago, and Komo-Maga- tary Report, ‘It tied development of the gas pipe rima districts would be located within the proposed line to declaration of a province, and declaration Hela Province, and Ialibu-Pangi, Imbongu, Kagua- of a province to continuation of peaceful develop- Erave, Mendi and Nipa Kutubu would remain in ment’ (Abal 2006:13). The 1992 and 1997 general the Southern Highlands, whilst Jimi and North elections in the province were marred by violence Waghi districts, and South Waghi would be located and in 2002 the general election was declared failed. in the proposed Jiwaka Province. Although significant efforts had been made to Unfortunately, parliament ran out of time and restore peace and surrender guns, the committee the bill lapsed when the writs were issued for the considered the threat was real (Abal 2006:13). 2007 general election. However, it is also arguable The level of political support was complex. that the fate of the new provinces had already been Open members from Hela supported the pro- decided when parliament rejected the report of the posed new province. However, the then governor Boundaries Commission in 2006.
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