PROCEEDINGS of the SECOND INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM on REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Tatsuhiko Kawashirna and Tibor Vas'ko Editors
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Tatsuhiko Kawashirna and Tibor Vas'ko Editors CP-94-001 February 1994 Collaborative Papers report work which has not been performed solely at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and which has received only limited review. Vieivs or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg o Austria IEIIIASA Telephone: +43 2236 715210 Telex: 079 137 iiasa a Telefax: +43 2236 71313 Foreword One of IIASA's important functions is to play a useful catalytic role in bringing together people of different backgrounds in order to focus their attention on common problems. Doing so enables individuals to view problems from a multiple perspective which, in turn, may lead to a better understanding of a problem and how to deal with it. A case in point is the present volume which contains papers from the "Second Colloquium on Regional Development" which took place in the historic city of Bardejov, Slovakia in October 1992. This Colloquium was a follow up of a "seed" activity of IIASA's first Colloquium in the High Tatras in April 1991 which was also devoted to regional problems. We are reassured about the importance of such a meeting in that they are conducted on a collaborative basis especially with potential users of our results. The scientific sponsor of this Colloquium was Professor T. Kawashima from Gakushuin University in Tokyo. The Mayor of Bardejov, Mr. SkaloS, and the director of Konzultex, Mr. Miiiik, were very active in its organization and generously supported the local costs of foreign participants. On the government level, the Commission on Economic Policy of the Slovak Republic was also very helpful. A particular focus of this Colloquium was the potential for collaboration in near-border areas, in fact similar to the region where the Colloquium took place. The opportunity to cooperate across national borders has been brought about by the recent political changes in Central and Eastern Europe but to make full use of this opportunity may well be harder than some of the papers of this volume suggest. Nevertheless, some progress can be made quickly, and conferences of this sort do help to advance cooperation. The contributions span issues from economic, societal, and environmental problems to ex- amples of measures, policies, and solutions in some countries. They address issues on national, regional, and local levels from different viewpoints, so that the participants could find topics relevant to their interest. We at IIASA are happy to have helped to organize this Colloquium. We are particularly encouraged by the statement of Regional Developers from Eastern Slovakia (stemming from the Colloquium) which was addressed to local authorities, and listed desirable measures recom- mended to local and regional authorities, some of which have in fact already been implemented. Thus the Bardejov meeting not only resulted in fine analytical insights, but also in useful and implementable policy recommendations. Peter de Jinosi Director iii Contents Foreword iii Acknowledgements vii Introduction ix Welcoming Address by the Mayor of Bardejov City Lubomir SkaloS The District of Bardejov ae Part of the Carpathian Euroregion Milan Bamlbk Development Strategy of the Slovak Economy Jan Foltin, Igor Kosa'r, Pauol Ochotnicky Regional Development in the Reform Countries of Eastern Europe: Bottom-Up Instead of Top-Down? Peter Schneidewind From Regional Planning to Local Development: The Case of France Suzane Sauey Towards Regional Innovation Systems in Central Europe Hans van Zon Regionalism and Minorities in Hungary Jdzsef Tdth Basic Problems of International Cooperation of Slovak Cities and Communities Ftantiiek MurgaS Practice of Regional Transborder Cooperation Tibor VaBko Development Problems and Opportunities in International Border Areas: Lessons from United States-Mexico Enterprises Niles Hawen Strategy of Development of Slovak-Polish Border Regions MikulS MojzeS Project on Transboundary Cooperation Vienna-Bratislava-Gyor DuBan Slimcik Types of Settlements, Characters of Entrepreneurs dua Ruttkay Colloquium on Regional Development Mrs. Maria Dolors Oms Appendix A: Statement of the Participants Appendix B: Program Appendix C: List of Participants Acknowledeement s The Second Colloquium on Regional Development in Bardejov and the resulting proceedings were made possible by the efforts of many people and it would be difficult to mention them all. Nevertheless, we would like to express our gratitude to Ing. Lubomir SkaloS, Mayor of Bardejov, whose kind initiative started the preparations for the meeting, Ing. Jozef Miiik, Director of Konzultex and his colleagues, who together with Ing. Jozef BuSik, from the Slovak Commission on Economic Policy, were in charge of the organization in Slovakia. Our thanks are also due to Dr. Matej, Director of the Bardejov Spa who helped prepare a very pleasant environment. We thank Shari Jandl, administrative assistant at IIASA, whose administrative support was indispensable and our thanks also go to Angela Ferrari and Sabine Malek for typing the manuscript. Our gratitude to Anka James who generated the PC graphics for Dr. Slimbk's paper. We would also like to express our gratitude to Dr. Christoph Schneider whose help at the colloquium as well as with the preparation of the statement is very much appreciated. All these organizations and the individuals who helped us are not responsible for the views expressed here, which are solely those of the authors. The editors thank all those who have made our work possible. Any defficiences of the proceedings remain solely our responsibility. Tatsuhiko Kawashima Tibor VaSko vii Introduction The First International Colloquium on Regional Development which took place in April 1991 in High Tatras was very exploratory in many respects, both for IIASA and the local organizers, but it resulted in a strong message to continue similar activities (VaBko, 1992). In response to this message, the Second Colloquium was held in the beautiful city of Bardejov in October 1992. In spite of the hectic times in this area-it was only six weeks to the separation of Czechoslovakia into two autonomous states-there was considerable interest in the focus of the colloquium. The development of near border regions of the area in which the meeting took place was a good example. This volume represents a selection of the papers prepared for the Colloquium in Bardejov. Regional science, if such a discipline exists, cannot be isolated from other disciplines, but must base its methods and procedures on the results of other relevant disciplines (for example, macro, mezzo, micro economics, population dynamics, environmental protection, etc.). This fact is also reflected in the character of the individual contributions which span from macroeconomic national strategy to problems of local development. A national development strategy for a state less than a year old (Slovak Republic) is outlined in the papers by Foltin et al, where hindrances to a future development as well as available aspects are identified. In fact, this paper represents a macroeconomic framework of the region where other contributions dealing with Slovakia are placed (MojzeS, MurgaS, and Slimik). They also deal with Research and Development (R&D) potential and their views are compatible with those of Hans van Zon as presented in this volume. Schneidewind, in his contribution, bridges national and regional development and points out two possible approaches (top-down and bottom-up). He also warns of possible dangers stemming from indiscriminant applications of past Western regional policies. These policies, in some cases, could not be proved as efficient. As the author claims, many of them were based on hard locational criteria in the past. In other words, such policies were framed in the assumption that social benefits of increased production from former idle resources are higher than the disec- onomies of production dispersion (higher transport costs and loss of agglomeration advantages). It was found that in some countries the differences among regions did not significantly decline in spite of regional policies. The author recommends to concentrate on "soft" factors determining the locations quality. Professor Savey continues in similar reasoning in her paper by describing an approach to local development as practiced in France. This approach is based on the mobilization of endogeneous resources. From a different perspective, it is possible to say that both hard and soft locational factors are mobilized fully recognizing societal factors such as: own identity, cohesion (consensus) and belief in own forces. The importance of this message to the regional development actors in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe could hardly be over-emphasized. Hans van Zon raises an important issue-innovation. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe traditionally lagged behind the West especially in applications of new technology and the recent transformation processes did not improve the condition for the development of new technology nor is it high on the list of priorities at present. Therefore the institutions working on the transformation of the economies devote only very scanty attention to these issues, in spite of the fact that it is innovation which could ultimately secure