7 CONTENTS Page Page The Rolleifl.ex Carnera 5 Shutter Speedsand Rolleiflex Evolution 6 Movement 39 The 4x4 cm. Rolleiflex Aperture and Depth of Field 4O Models 10 Zone Focusing 58 Hand.ling the Rolleifler t2 Flash Photography 59 Holding 12 How to use Flash 60 Carrying t4 Exposure Guide Numbers 62 The Reflex Finder t4 Viewing t4 in Troplcal Parallax Compensation t6 Canrera Care Clirnates 63 Focusing t7 Shooting 18 Fa.ctsand Figures 64 Feet Loading and Unloading t9 Conversion of and Inches into Metric Units 64 Loading t9 Zone Focusing 64 Unloading 22 Daylight Exposure Values 65 Shutter Speedsto Arrest Films and Filters 23 Movement 66 Black-and-White Film 23 Apertures with Clear Colour Film A Flash Bulbs 66 Colour Reversal Film 26 Apertures with Blue Flash Bulbs 67 Colour Negative Film 27 Close-upswith 2|x 2L n. Colour Film Speeds 27 Rolleis 67 of Colour Film 28 The Choice Close-upswith 1* x 18 iu. Filters for Black-and-White 29 Rolleis 67 Filters for Colour Film 30 Conversion of Film Speed The Polarizing Screen 30 Systems 68 Black-and-White Filter Data 68 Exposure 3l Colour Correction Filters 69 Aperture and Speed 31 Black-and-White Films 70 Choosing the Cornbination 32 Colour Films 7l Time Exposures 35 The Self-Timer 35 Using an Exposure Meter 35 Hou to . .lVhot is Where? 72 The Green Section betweenpages 24 and 25 Page THE NOLLEIFLNX: MODEL BY MODEL The Rollaifler F and E Series Loading6 - Unloading 8 - Shooting 8 - Using the Rolleiflex E Exposuie Meter f 0 - Installing the Exposure Meter I I - Special Controls | | The Rolleiflar T t4 ioadine" 14 - unioaoini t5 :'sho;iine tC - Using the RolleiflexT ExposureMeter 18 - Installingthe Exposure Meter 18- SpecialControls 19 The Rollei-Magic I,II 20 Loading 0 - Unloading 2 - Shooting 2 - Special Con- trols 3 The Rolleifler lxl 2s Loading 5 - Unloading 5 -'shooting,2s':Sp"diuf coir- trols 6 The Rolleifl.ex Autotnat Series 29 Loading 30 - Unloading 30 - Shooting 30 - Special Con- trols 34 Early Rolleifle* Mo&ls 35 Loading 38 - Unloading 38 - Shooting 38 - Special Con- trols 39 Lens Attachrncnts cnd, Accessories 40 Tele and Wide-angle Work with the Rolleiflex 40 - Close-up Work with the Rolleiflex 40 -Earlier Close-up Lens Sets4 Soft Focus Lenses 4 -The Lens Hood 43 - The Rolleilux 43 - Filters 43 - The Rollei Micro Adapter 44 Vieuing Accessories . 15 The Binocular Focusing Hood 45 - The Eye-level Prism Finder 45 - The Rolleigrid 45 - Rolleiclear Screen 45 - The Rolleimeter 45 - The Extension Focusing Knob 46 Cam,era Casesand Eolding Accessories . 48 Ever-Ready Cases48 - The Metal Ever-Ready Case48 - The Rolleifix Tripod Head 50 - The Pistol Grip 50 - The Pano- rama Head 50 - The Stereo Slide 50 - The Rollei Marin Underwater Housing 5 - The Rolleimat 5 Alurnatioe Picture Sizes . 53 The Rolleiflex Mask Set 53 - The Plate Adapter 53 - The Rolleikin Cine Film Adapter 54 - The Rolleikin II 54 - Installing the Release Knob 55 - Assembling the Rollei- kin II 56 - Loading 55 - Film Transport 58 - Rewinding 58 - The Rolleikin I 58 - Assembling the Rolleikin I 58 - Film Loading and Transport 50 - Rewinding 60 - Early Designs of Rolleikin 62 Some iterns of equipment or certnin moteriols mentioned in this book moy not be f reely avoiloble in every country. Import ond marketing conditions vory widely, and ore outside the control ofthe photogrophicretoiler. 1967 Edition @ Focal PressLtd., 1959 Printed 1967 n Great Britain by Staples Printers Limited, Rochester, Kent THE ROLLEIFLEX CAMERA The Rolleiflex is the original rollfilm, twin-lens reflex camera design, from which virtually all other cameras of this type are derived. It takes 12 exposures 2f x2l in. (6x6 cm.) on standard 120 rollfilm or 24 exposures on 220 film with specially adapted models. A "baby Rolleiflex 4x4 cm. for 12 exposureson 127 rollfilm is also available. Two lenses-matched for focal length-are mounted one above the other on a common panel. The upper lens pro- jects an image of the subject via a mirror to a focusing screen in the top of the camera, while the lower one projects a similar image on to the film. The focusing screen image, therefore, shows at all times the full size picture-upright but reversed left to right-as it will appear on the film. To com- pensate for any parallax between the viewing and taking lens a mask is built into the viewing camera below the focusing screen. The focusing screen on top of the camera is protected in the closed position by the folded-down finder hood. When opened, this forms a light excluding hood 2$ in. high; it carries a magnifier for critical focusing. A frame finder for eye-leveldirect vision use is built into the hood. The hood on current models is removable and can be replaced by a pentaprism, which permits eye-level focusing, showing the image upright and right-way-round. The finder lens in all models is faster than the taking lens and cannot be stopped down. This ensures a bright focusing screen image and, having rather less depth of fleld than the taking lens, allows for very critical focusing. The interior of the camera body is fitted with light baffies which effectively avoid scatter of light and enhance the brilliance of the picture. The Rolleiflex is focused by a large focusing knob on the side of the camera. This is geared to the front panel and smoothly and simultaneously controls both lenses. A depth of field indicator is incorporated. Current models arc available with a built-in photo-electric exposure meter which in most cases is coupled to the aperture setting. A film type indicator is built into the film transport knob. Film transport is effected by a crank situated on the side of the camera. It locks when the correct amount of film has been wound on to bring each new frame of film into position. A counter registersthe number of exposuresmade. A tripod bush is located in the centre of the camera base. The back of the camera hinges open for the insertion and removal of films and can also be removed. It carries a sub- stantial spring-loaded pressure plate. Transporting the film automatically tensions the shutter. The shutter is released by a body release knob on the front of the camera. When not in use, it can be locked to prevent accidental release. The shutter cannot be released until the film has been wound on, thus preventing double exposures. To avoid blank frames, the film cannot be wound on until the previous frame has been exposed. The shutter on most current models is a Synchro-Compur with speedsfrom 1 sec.to 1/500 sec.as well as B. It has built- in delayed action and is flash synchronised. Both the taking and finder lenses together with the shutter are enclosed in a dustproof casing, which has peep windows at the top showing shutter speeds and apertures. A wide range of accessoriesis available for the Rolleiflex. Both finder and taking lens carry bayonet rings for fitting filters, close-up lenses and similar attachments. The Rolleiflex is about 5$ in. high, 3f in. wide and 3f in. deep. Its weight is about 341ozs. The body is an aluminium alloy casting. The Rollei Magic models have a few different features which are detailed in the green pages. Rolleiflex Eaolution Theoriginal Rolleiflex was introduced in 1928.It took six exposures 2tx2* in. on 117film, whichis now discontinued.It can be converted to take 12exposures 2|x 2l in. on size620 film. A film transportknob advancesthe film, exposuresare countedin a red window.It is fitted with a 70 mm. Tessar/4.5 lensin a Compurshutter (1 to 1/300sec. 6 ROLLETFLEX EVOLUTION 0nrG: t928 sTo.orD193u34 AUT0I,|AIte3Z38 srD.lttw Thc firrt Rolleiflcx of t928 started the basic system of the twin-lens rollfilm reflex. The standard moaeiot t9j2 lo 1934 already incorporated thi transport crank and lenses mounted on a common p"nei, wtrite *e Automar froln 1937'onwards had apeiture a-nd sp-eed setting whejls and. automatic foadirig features. The Standard New of 1939 is a sim'pler version of the Automat of that time. IUI(lMAT AUT(lMAT 3.5E 3.5 3.5 r950 1954 1956 R0[tEl T lilAGrC 1960 1958 The oost-war Automa! 3.5 models featured a redesignedfinder hood and flash synchronisedshutters. from 1954onwards exposure value shutters wer€ built in, and-since 1956-exposure.meters. On the model 3.5Fof li58 the meter is coupled with the aperture and speedsetting. ln the same ieiri simpler model T appeared,while the'Rollei Magicof t960 has the exPosuremeter coupled with a fully programmedshutter for automatic control. 7 I I I !, T), The finder hood has a built-in mirror for eye-levelreflex focusing. Parallax is compensate9.byredlrction of the reflex picture. The takinlg lens mount diameter, 24 mm.In 1929 the same camera. but with i 75 mm. Tessar/3.8 was marketed; the finder lens aperture is/3.1. Rolleiflex Standard of 1932has a 75 mm. Tessarf 4.5 or f 3.8lens in Compur shutter (1 to 1/300 sec.,B and T). The lenl mount diameter is 28.5 mm. Finder lens apertureis/3.1. Finder hood has a frame finder. Parallax is compensatedby reduction of the reflex picture. Takes 12 exposures on 120 or 2O film. Film transport by lever crank. First exposureset by red window, thereafter by automatic counter.ln 1934. the samemg{glappeared with a 75 mm. Tessar/3.5 and Compur Rapid shutter to 1/500 sec. B and T.