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Mushrooms Russia and History
MUSHROOMS RUSSIA AND HISTORY BY VALENTINA PAVLOVNA WASSON AND R.GORDON WASSON VOLUME I PANTHEON BOOKS • NEW YORK COPYRIGHT © 1957 BY R. GORDON WASSON MANUFACTURED IN ITALY FOR THE AUTHORS AND PANTHEON BOOKS INC. 333, SIXTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 14, N. Y. www.NewAlexandria.org/ archive CONTENTS LIST OF PLATES VII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT XIII PREFACE XVII VOLUME I I. MUSHROOMS AND THE RUSSIANS 3 II. MUSHROOMS AND THE ENGLISH 19 III. MUSHROOMS AND HISTORY 37 IV. MUSHROOMS FOR MURDERERS 47 V. THE RIDDLE OF THE TOAD AND OTHER SECRETS MUSHROOMIC 65 1. The Venomous Toad 66 2. Basques and Slovaks 77 3. The Cripple, the Toad, and the Devil's Bread 80 4. The 'Pogge Cluster 92 5. Puff balls, Filth, and Vermin 97 6. The Sponge Cluster 105 7. Punk, Fire, and Love 112 8. The Gourd Cluster 127 9. From 'Panggo' to 'Pupik' 138 10. Mucus, Mushrooms, and Love 145 11. The Secrets of the Truffle 166 12. 'Gripau' and 'Crib' 185 13. The Flies in the Amanita 190 v CONTENTS VOLUME II V. THE RIDDLE OF THE TOAD AND OTHER SECRETS MUSHROOMIC (CONTINUED) 14. Teo-Nandcatl: the Sacred Mushrooms of the Nahua 215 15. Teo-Nandcatl: the Mushroom Agape 287 16. The Divine Mushroom: Archeological Clues in the Valley of Mexico 322 17. 'Gama no Koshikake and 'Hegba Mboddo' 330 18. The Anatomy of Mycophobia 335 19. Mushrooms in Art 351 20. Unscientific Nomenclature 364 Vale 374 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 381 APPENDIX I: Mushrooms in Tolstoy's 'Anna Karenina 391 APPENDIX II: Aksakov's 'Remarks and Observations of a Mushroom Hunter' 394 APPENDIX III: Leuba's 'Hymn to the Morel' 400 APPENDIX IV: Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Early Mexican Sources 404 INDEX OF FUNGAL METAPHORS AND SEMANTIC ASSOCIATIONS 411 INDEX OF MUSHROOM NAMES 414 INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES 421 VI LIST OF PLATES VOLUME I JEAN-HENRI FABRE. -
87197-8Fqws.Pdf
VBSK utflykt Billingen 3/9-11 Namn på latin Namn på svenska Agaricus urinascens Vit kungschampinjon Amanita battarae Zonkamskivling Amanita citrina Vitgul flugsvamp Amanita fulva Brun kamskivling Amanita muscaria Röd flugsvamp Amanita pantherina Panterflugsvamp Amanita phalloides Lömsk flugsvamp Amanita phalloides var. alba Lömsk flugsvamp var alba Amanita regalis Brun flugsvamp Amanita rubescens Rodnande flugsvamp Amanita spissa Gråfotad flugsvamp Amanita vaginata Grå kamskivling Amanita virosa Vit flugsvamp Armillaria mellea/s.l. Honungsskivlinggruppen Artomyces pyxidatus Kandelabersvamp Bjerkandera adusta Svedticka Boletus badius Brunsopp Boletus calopus Bittersopp Boletus edulis Stensopp Boletus luridiformis Blodsopp Boletus pascuus Rutsopp Boletus pruinatus Boksopp Boletus subtomentosus Sammetssopp Calvatia excipuliformis Långfotad röksvamp Cantharellus cibarius Kantarell Cantharellus melanoxeros Svartnande kantarell Cantharellus tubaeformis Trattkantarell Chlorociboria aeruginascens Grönskål Clavaria vermicularis Maskfingersvamp Clavulina cristata Kamfingersvamp Clavulinopsis corniculata Ängsfingersvamp Clavulinopsis helveola Hagfingersvamp Clitocybe gibba Sommartrattskivling Clitocybe odora Grön trattskivling Coprinus comatus Fjällig bläcksvamp Coprinus micaceus Glitterbläcksvamp Cordyceps militaris Röd larvklubba Cortinarius anomalus Björkspindling Cortinarius anthracinus Purpurbrun spindling Cortinarius bivelus Hålspindling Cortinarius bolaris Brokspindling Cortinarius brunneus Umbraspindling Cortinarius caninus Granspindling -
Universidad Mariano Gálvez De Guatemala Facultad De Ciencias Jurídicas Y Sociales Escuela De Ciencias Criminológicas Y Criminalísticas
UNIVERSIDAD MARIANO GÁLVEZ DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS CRIMINOLÓGICAS Y CRIMINALÍSTICAS ESTUDIO CRIMINOLÓGICO Y CRIMINALÍSTICO DE RIESGOS DEL CONSUMO DE HONGOS TÓXICOS Y POTENCIALMENTE TÓXICOS MODULO: Amanita regalis BLANCA ESTELA ASENCIO QUIÑONEZ GUATEMALA, OCTUBRE 2014 UNIVERSIDAD MARIANO GALVEZ DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS CRIMINOLÓGICAS Y CRIMINALÍSTICAS ESTUDIO CRIMINOLÓGICO Y CRIMINALÍSTICO DE RIESGOS DEL CONSUMO DE HONGOS TÓXICOS Y POTENCIALMENTE TÓXICOS MODULO: Amanita regalis TESIS DE LICENCIATURA PRESENTADA POR BLANCA ESTELA ASENCIO QUIÑONEZ PREVIO A OPTAR AL TITULO DE LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS CRIMINOLOGICAS Y CRIMINALISTICAS GUATEMALA, OCTUBRE 2014 1. INTRODUCCION A. Enfoque Introductorio El Seminario denominado “ESTUDIO CRIMINOLÓGICO Y CRIMINALÍSTICO DE RIESGOS DEL CONSUMO DE HONGOS TÓXICOS Y POTENCIALMENTE TÓXICOS” fue seleccionado como tema de Tesis por el grupo de alumnos del Seminario en virtud de la importancia y peligro que reviste el consumo de los mismos, por la gran variedad de especies de hongos que existen y por la gravedad de las intoxicaciones que producen en una persona luego de su ingesta, llegando a provocar la muerte en algunos casos. Las setas tóxicas pueden provocar diversos trastornos en función de la toxina que contengan. Aunque los hongos superiores no se encuentran en alta proporción en la dieta humana, presentan un alto riesgo tóxico, principalmente por la frecuencia de la intoxicación, incluso con una alta fatalidad, en relación al número de personas expuestas. Debido a que las distintas especies de hongos varían ampliamente en las toxinas que contienen y porque identificarlas con certeza es difícil, se utiliza la clínica más que un sistema taxonómico de clasificación. -
Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
AMANITA MUSCARIA: Mycopharmacological Outline and Personal Experiences
• -_._----------------------- .....•.----:: AMANITA MUSCARIA: Mycopharmacological Outline and Personal Experiences by Francesco Festi and Antonio Bianchi Amanita muscaria, also known as Fly Agaric, is a yellow-to-orange capped wild mushroom. It grows in symbir-, is with arboreal trees such as Birch, Pine or Fir, in both Europe and the Americas. Its his- tory has it associated with both shamanic and magical practices for at least the last 2,000 years, and it is probably the Soma intoxicant spoken of in the Indian Rig-Vedas. The following piece details both the generic as well as the esoteric history and pharmacological pro- files of the Amanita muscaria. It also introduces research which J shows that psychoactivity related to this species is seasonally- determinant. This determinant can mean the difference between poi- soning and pleasant, healing applications, which include psychedelic experiences. Connections between the physiology of sleep and the plant's inner chemistry is also outlined. if" This study is divided into two parts, reflecting two comple- l"" ~ ,j. mentary but different approaches to the same topic. The first (" "~l>;,;,~ ~ study, presented by Francesco Festi, presents a critical over- .~ view of the ~-:<'-.:=l.=';i.:31. ethnobotanical, chemical and phar- macological d~:.:: -.c. ~_~.::-_ .:::e :-efe:-::-e j to the Amanita muscaria (through 198'5 In :he se.:,='~_·: :;-.r:. also Italian author and mycologist Antc nio Bianchi reports on personal experiences with the Amar.i:a muscaria taken from European samples. The following experimental data - far from constituting any final answers - are only a proposal and (hopefully) an excitement for further investigations. -
Mycology Praha
( ^ ™ 7 | ------ I VOLUM E 48 L ^ Z - L U r i A U G U S T 1 9 9 5 My c o l o g y 2 CZECH SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY FOR MYCOLOGY PRAHA JSAYCU nIar% ,0 O Mv J < ty/\YCX ISSN 0009-0476 N|š r % ° k ~ 1 \ I \ / I Vol. 48, No. 2, August 1995 CZECH MYCOLOGY formerly Česká mykologie published quarterly by the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief ZDENĚK POUZAR (Praha) Managing editor s JAROSLAV KLÁN (Praha) VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN (Brno) JIŘÍ KUNERT (Olomouc) OLGA FASSATIOVÁ (Praha) LUDMILA MARVANOVA (Brno) ROSTISLAV FELLNER (Praha) PETR PIKÁLEK (Praha) JOSEF HERINK (Mnichovo Hradiště) MIRKO SVRČEK (Praha) Czech Mycology is an international scientific journal publishing papers in all aspects of mycology. Publication in the journal is open to members of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology and non-members. Contributions to: Czech Mycology, National Museum, Department of Mycology, Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic. Phone: 02/24230485 SUBSCRIPTION. Annual subscription is Kč 250,- (including postage). The annual sub scription for abroad is US $86,- or DM 136,- (including postage). The annual member ship fee of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology (Kč 160,- or US $ 60,- for foreigners) includes the journal without any other additional payment. For subscriptions, address changes, payment and further information please contact The Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, P.O.Box 106, 111 21 Praha 1, Czech Republic. Copyright © The Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, Prague, 1995 No. 1 of the vol. 48 of Czech Mycology appeared in May 16, 1995 CZECH MYCOLOGY Publication of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology Volume 48 August 1995 Number 2 Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi on Aphids at an agricultural field site TOVE STEENBERG and J0RGEN E il e n b e r g Department of Ecology and Molecular Biology Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Biilowsvej 13, 1870 Frb. -
Mushrooms Russia and History (Pdf)
Mushrooms Russia and History by Valentina Pavlovna Wasson and R. Gordon Wasson Volume I and II Manufactured in Italy for the authors and Pantheon Books Inc. 333, Sixth Avenue, New York 14, N. Y. © 1957 by R. Gordon Wasson original text: http://www.newalexandria.org/archive/MUSHROOMS%20RUSSIA%20AND%20HISTORY%20Volume%201.pdf backup source: http://www.psilosophy.info/resources/MUSHROOMS%20RUSSIA%20AND%20HISTORY%20Volume%201.pdf original text: http://www.newalexandria.org/archive/MUSHROOMS%20RUSSIA%20AND%20HISTORY%20Volume%202.pdf backup source: http://www.psilosophy.info/resources/MUSHROOMS%20RUSSIA%20AND%20HISTORY%20Volume%202.pdf Changes to this edition: 1. Cyrillic has been added to the first occurrence of a simplified Russian pronunciation of a word. For example togrib , cyrillic is added in parenthesis - (гриб). 2. In chapter I. Mushrooms and the Russians, where authors mention about folk names for mushrooms, actual Latin name has been found and inserted into square brackets (but beside Appendix II where authors do this by themselves) for most of this names. Thus the name originally presented as volnushki will be volnushki (волнушки) [Lactarius torminosus]. 3. Footnotes are numbered continuously, contrary to original version where footnote number starts from 1 on each page. 4. Latin names have been italicized. 5. Some latin synonyms are actuallized beneath plates, eg. Psalliota campestris Fr. ex L. has in description additionaly [Agaricus campestris (Bull.)]. 6. Polish official names for mushrooms have been added beneath plates. 7. Couple of notes have been added and labeled as Note to this edition of the book on Psilosophy. 8. Illustrations have been whitened. -
Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Sopp, 30.08.2019
Sabima kartleggingsnotat 27, 2019 Soppkartlegging i Gloppen 30-aug. til 1.sep 2019 Av Harald Eriksen Diskusjon om funn, Fred Arild Grøneng, Kjersti Swendssen, Eli Heiberg og Monica Bjørbek Kartleggingsnotat 27, 2019 – Soppkartlegging i Gloppen 2019 1 av 9 Soppkartlegging i Gloppen 2019 Emneord: Soppmangfald, soppsakkunnige i Sogn og Fjordane,kvite flekkar Deltakarar Sunnfjord sopp og nyttevekstforening arrangerte kartleggingssamling for sine soppsakkunnige og andre med særskild interesse for kartlegging av storsopp i Hyen-Storebru i Gloppen i månadsskifte aug- september. Deltakarane i år var Anne Johanne Schei,Kjersti Svendssen, Nina Heiberg, Eli Heiberg, Marit Rygg , Ottar Sande og Harald Eriksen , alle soppsakkunnige. Elles deltok Fred Arild Grøneng, Hilde Gjørvad, Monica Bjørbekk Herremåltid i granskogen på Hjorteset Kartleggingsområde Målet for kartlegging var å sjå om det var spennande førekomstar av sopp i frå Hyen mot Strorebru i Flora.Her er registrert ein del edelauvskog men lite sopp. Eli Heiberg hadde ved hjelp av berggrunnskart funne interresante lokalitetar, men vi plukka og ut nokre ut frå ei visuell vurdering då me køyrde til Nesholmen leirstad Kartleggingsnotat 27, 2019 – Soppkartlegging i Gloppen 2019 2 av 9 som var base for kartlegginga.Området har vore lite kartlagt og det er svært spa rsomt med registreringar av storsopp frå kommunen. Gruppa undersøkte seks lokalitetar i løpet av helga. Funna er gjort tilgjengelege i artsobservasjoner, og fleire av deltakarane har i ettertid byrja å gjere eigne registreringar på sine respektive heimstadar. Kartleggingsnotat 27, 2019 – Soppkartlegging i Gloppen 2019 3 av 9 Denne er førebels registrertsom falsk brunskrubb. Det er ein art berre ein av deltakarane hadde sett før. -
260979-Svcaf.Pdf
VBSK utflykt 22/9 2012 Namn på latin Namn på svenska Amanita fulva Brun kamskivling Amanita muscaria Röd flugsvamp Amanita porphyria Mörkringad flugsvamp Amanita regalis Brun flugsvamp Amanita rubescens Rodnande flugsvamp Armillaria mellea/s.l. Honungsskivlinggruppen Cantharellus cibarius Kantarell Cantharellus tubaeformis Trattkantarell Chalciporus piperatus Pepparsopp Clitocybe rivulosa Gifttrattskivling Collybia tuberosa Spetsknölig nagelskivling Coltricia perennis Skinnticka Cordyceps ophioglossoides Smal svampklubba Cortinarius armillatus Rödbandad spindling Cortinarius brunneus Umbraspindling Cortinarius cinnamomeus Kanelspindling Cortinarius collinitus Violettfotad slemspindling Cortinarius croceus Gulskivig kanelspindling Cortinarius flexipes Toppspindling Cortinarius gentilis Gulbandad spindling Cortinarius mucosus Hedspindling Cortinarius rubellus Toppig giftspindling Cortinarius sanguineus Blodspindling Cortinarius semisanguineus Rödskivig kanelspindling Cortinarius traganus Bockspindling Cystoderma amianthinum Ockragul grynskivling Entoloma cetratum Skogsrödhätting Fomitopsis pinicola Klibbticka Gomphidius roseus Rosenslemskivling Gomphidius rutilus Rabarbersvamp Gymnopilus penetrans Fläckig bitterskivling Gymnopilus picreus Mörkfotad bitterskivling Gymnopus acervatus Tuvnagelskivling Heterobasidion parviporum Rotticka Hydnellum ferrugineum Dropptaggsvamp Hydnum rufescens Rödgul taggsvamp Hygrophorus agathosmus Doftvaxskivling Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus Olivvaxskivling Hypholoma capnoides Rökslöjskivling Hypholoma fasciculare -
Suomen Helttasienten Ja Tattien Ekologia, Levinneisyys Ja Uhanalaisuus
Suomen ympäristö 769 LUONTO JA LUONNONVARAT Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus .......................... SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Suomen ympäristö 769 Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Viittausohje Viitatessa tämän raportin lukuihin, käytetään lukujen otsikoita ja lukujen kirjoittajien nimiä: Esim. luku 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Julk.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela-Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (toim.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levin- neisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Ss. 109-224. Recommended citation E.g. chapter 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland. Publ.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela- Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (eds.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Pp. 109-224. Julkaisu on saatavana myös Internetistä: www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1996-9 (nid.) ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (PDF) ISSN 1238-7312 Kannen kuvat / Cover pictures Vasen ylä / Top left: Paljakkaa. Utsjoki. Treeless alpine tundra zone. Utsjoki. Kuva / Photo: Esteri Ohenoja Vasen ala / Down left: Jalopuulehtoa. Parainen, Lenholm. Quercus robur forest. Parainen, Lenholm. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Oikea ylä / Top right: Lehtolohisieni (Laccaria amethystina). Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethystina). Kuva / Photo: Pertti Salo Oikea ala / Down right: Vanhaa metsää. Sodankylä, Luosto. Old virgin forest. Sodankylä, Luosto. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Takakansi / Back cover: Ukonsieni (Macrolepiota procera). -
Romanian Macrofungi Species
RED LIST OF ROMANIAN MACROFUNGI SPECIES CĂTĂLIN TĂNASE*, ADRIANA POP** *'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iaşi, Faculty of Biology, 20 A Carol I Bd., 6600 – Iaşi, Romania **Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, Po-Box 229, 48 Republicii Street, 3400 Cluj – Napoca, Romania Introduction conservation status, ecology and distribution of macrofungi species. Fungi are one of the largest groups of organisms, forming a major component of the The list contains 33 species included in the biodiversity of Romania. The large numbers of Convention Appendix (2004), between which species, the taxonomic problems they raise, the 11 species are found in Romania: Bovista very considerable gaps in knowledge of their paludosa Lév., Gomphus clavatus (Pers. : Fr.) distribution and ecology and the difficulties in Gray, Hapalopilus croceus (Pers. : Fr.) Donk, monitoring these organisms, that produce Hericium erinaceum (Bull. : Fr.) Pers., generally ephemeral fruitbodies, have all Hygrocybe calyptriformis (Berk. & Broome) contributed to the vision that nothing can Fayod, Hygrophorus purpurascens (Alb. & realistically be done about their conservation. Schwein. : Fr.) Fr., Laricifomes officinalis In present that view is out of date and can no (Vill. : Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar Leucopaxillus longer be sustained. compactus (Fr.) Neuhoff., Myriostoma coliforme (With. : Pers.) Corda, Phylloporus The Red List of Romanian macrofungi species pelletieri (Lév.) Quél and Sarcosphaera in an essential document for rational coronaria (Jacq.) Boud. management of the naturals ecosystems. It provides critical informations necessary for The species Suillus flavidus (Fr.:Fr) Presl. taking political decisions about priorities in considered as very rare and are considered as nature management and biodiversity priority species, proposed in the first category conservation in Romania. -
Amanita Muscaria: Chemistry, Biology, Toxicology, and Ethnomycology
Mycol. Res. 107 (2): 131-146 (February 2003). © The British Mycological Society 131 DOI: 10.1017/S0953756203007305 Printed in the United Kingdom. Review Amanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology Didier MICHELOT1* and Leda Maria MELENDEZ-HOWELL2 1 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut Regulation et Developpement, Diversite Moleculaire, Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, USM 502 UMR 8041 C.N.R.S., 63 rue de Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. 2Systematique et Evolution, USM 602, 12, rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. E-mail: [email protected] Received 12 July 2002; accepted 14 January 2003. The fly agaric is a remarkable mushroom in many respects; these are its bearing, history, chemical components and the poisoning that it provokes when consumed. The 'pantherina' poisoning syndrome is characterized by central nervous system dysfunction. The main species responsible are Amanita muscaria and A. pantherina (Amanitaceae); however, some other species of the genus have been suspected for similar actions. Ibotenic acid and muscimol are the active components, and probably, some other substances detected in the latter species participate in the psychotropic effects. The use of the mushroom started in ancient times and is connected with mysticism. Current knowledge on the chemistry, toxicology, and biology relating to this mushroom is reviewed, together with distinctive features concerning this unique species. INTRODUCTION 50 cm diam and bright red, orange, or even orange or yellow, apart from the white fleck. Many species of the The fly agaric, Amanita muscaria, and the panther, A. muscaria complex bear so-called crassospores (Tul- A. pantherina, are the species mainly involved in the loss & Hailing 1997).