Published by Volume 4 • Issue 1 May 2017

EUROPEAN CITIES AND REGIONS NETWORKING FOR INNOVATIVE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH MOBILITY, MULTIMODALITY SOCIAL & ECONOMIC SAFETY & SECURITY IN IN TRANSPORT & TRAFFIC EFFICIENCY CHALLENGES TRANSPORT The smart mobility solution driving Mobility has a sound for visually German cities equating climate The smart measures to make an ethical social network, p28 impaired Lithuanians, p34 change to behavioural change, p52 motorcycling in cities safer, p64 SMART TRANSPORT FOR CITIES AND REGIONS Achieving change in the thinking city

Towards an urban mobility nirvana where people can move around safely, efciently and happily

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Kevin Borras and Karen Vancluysen on how living in a time of tumultuous change also affects how city authorities think about the word “smart”. Have the parameters changed? KEVIN BORRAS, THINKING CITIES | KAREN VANCLUYSEN, POLIS

ast week in the Thinking Cities offices we had It’s difficult enough changing one’s own behavioural pat- occasion to do a bit of Spring cleaning. While mov- terns, let alone several million strangers’. So how are we Ling boxes of back issues into storage we found an going about achieving change in the thinking city? It’s a unopened box of the February/March 2007 issue of one simple enough question but it doesn’t have a particularly of H3B Media’s other publications, Thinking Highways, catchy, pithy answer. There’s no “Well, we are doing this and after jointly deciding we weren’t being financially and it’s working brilliantly” model to follow. The cities rash and that opening the box wasn’t in any way akin to that feature in this issue are as different in every respect opening a mint-condition copy of the initial pressing of (age, geography, topology, socio-economic distribution, Canterbury Tales, we sat down and leafed through the population, layout) as the people that live in them and previously untouched pages. call them home. If you have ever visited Paris and, say, This was largely for the benefit of a young colleague, Luxembourg then you will know that they have very little who was 11 when that issue shot off the printing press in common – other than the fact that both cities are tak- and with whom we had been discussing how the intel- ing very encouraging steps to subtly change the behav- ligent transport systems sector had changed almost iour of their citizens and those that travel to those cities beyond recognition in a decade. for work. In truth it was more interesting watching the expres- These are just a few ways in which cities and regions sion on his face change from total bemusement to Karen are addressing the notion of change: Vancluysen amusement as came across articles extolling the vir- is secretary tues of what were then technological breakthroughs but general of Paradigm change: Europe and its cities and regions have since been consigned to the archives. Polis are making huge efforts to progress towards a more When that issue was published the iPhone was a mat- sustainable transport system. This requires changes kvancluysen@ ter of weeks old and the only thing you could store in a polisnetwork.eu in transport strategies, transport planning, transport cloud was water. One only has to look at the Advertisers investments and, crucially, each person’s transport Index at the back of that issue to see that the world is behaviour. The importance of giving those persons a changing (the business world if nothing else) – exactly choice of modes by which to travel to, from and within half of the companies happily promoting their wares and that city or region cannot be underestimated, and nei- solutions in the early part of 2007 are no longer in busi- ther can the notion of “social inclusion”. On pages 34-36 ness, have merged with other like-minded firms or have of this issue we highlight one such measure that has been swallowed up (and in some cases chewed up and been undertaken by Kaunas, Lithuania’s second city, spat out) by corporate behemoths. That has happened to address the needs of visually impaired users of the in 10 years. Kevin Borras is transport system. We jointly launched Thinking Cities four years ago and editor-in-chief yet it could be argued that the smart city sector has mor- of Thinking Change in behaviour: Changing mobility choices of each Cities phed into something equally unrecognisable but in only individual person is one of the hardest things to achieve. 40 per cent of the time. One theme that is evidently run- kevin@ Here’s a thought: is there any technology, real-time ning through this issue is how cities are approaching the h3bm.com information or self-driving vehicle that would persuade daunting task of changing people’s mobility behaviour. you to cycle to work today? Is there a cute image of a 1

01 Foreword.indd 1 19/05/2017 12:42 polar bear that would make you want to take the bus levels of government: connecting local, regional, rather than drive to the office? Maybe if that message national and transnational transport networks is reaches us at the very moment our lifestyle is chang- The transport essential. An EU urban agenda would also benefit ing dramatically, when we move to a new city or our from increased coordination between policies linked first child is born, it would tick that last remaining box. sector would to urban mobility at European level. We need a mech- Behavioural choice is complex and long-lasting, long- benefit from a anism for governance at EU level. We need to include term changes require a lot of thought and planning more in the Transport Commissioner’s mandate the role of and can’t be just be spur-of-the-moment decisions. concerted guaranteeing coherence of policies related to urban Initiatives such as the European Mobility Week are key and regional transport policies. This is a tool to over- tools for cities to foster dialogue with people on mobil- approach come policy fragmentation when it comes to goals on ity choices. between urban sustainability. It is a step forward in recognizing different the central role or urban mobility in any sustainable Changing role of local authorities: It is time to levels of urban agenda and for the sustainable development of rethink the roles between the public and private urban areas.” sector while transport technologies are developed government: Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning is a very effi- and rolled out. What is the societal gain if technolo- connecting cient governance tool that helps more and more cities gies are being developed without due to considera- local, to tackle challenges linked to institutional coopera- tion of the city’s needs? tion, and this for horizontal (between city departments We are moving into an age in which the voices regional, and across policy areas), vertical (between governance of cities are heard in the industry and research national and levels), and territorial (between neighbouring authori- spheres and one in which structural cooperation transnational ties within the same urban system) policy issues. between the national and local governance levels is transport needed in the deployment of innovation in transport. Transferability: Finally, in order to see through the Investments in the roll-out of new transport tech- networks is changes that are being implemented, to ensure they nologies and measures can only lead to true change essential aren’t here-today, gone-tomorrow flashes of bril- and improvements if the specific needs of cities are liance that are not founded on the needs of the city properly taken into account. or its citizens, we must build on existing knowledge, As Polis wrote in its Answers To The European develop transferability tools, share practices across Commission DG REGIO Consultation On A Future EU borders to ensure that European cohesion at the local Urban Agenda: “The transport sector would benefit level becomes a reality. We need to embrace change, from a more concerted approach between different and not shy away from it.

Editor-in-Chief Thinking Cities is published by H3B Media and Polis - ISSN 2054-9024 H3B Media Group Headquarters Kevin Borras ([email protected]) Thinking Cities is published by H3B Media, 15 Onslow Gardens, Wallington 15 Onslow Gardens, Wallington, SM6 9QL, UK Tel +44 (0)20 8254 9406 Executive Director, Polis SM6 9QL, UK and Polis, rue du Trône 98, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. This edition is distributed in Europe/RoW by Asendia and in the USA by Asendia email [email protected] Karen Vancluysen ([email protected]) +32 (0) 2 500 56 70 www.thinkingcities.com Art Editor USA, 17B S Middlesex Ave, Monroe NJ 08831. Periodicals postage paid New Join the Thinking Highways and Thinking Cities LinkedIn groups at Ed Miller Brunswick, NJ and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: send address linkedin.com and follow us on Twitter at thinkinghwys changes to Thinking Highways, 701C Ashland Ave, Folcroft PA 19032. Editorial Team Polis – European Cities and Regions networking for innovative Kevin Borras, Karen Vancluysen, Dagmar Köhler Although due care has been taken to ensure that the content of this transport solutions Contributors to this issue publication is accurate and up-to-date, the publisher can accept no rue du Trône 98, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium Walter Alexander, Antonio Avenoso, Florinda Boschetti, Marilena liability for errors and omissions. Unless otherwise stated, this publication Tel +32 (0) 2 500 56 70 Branchina, Mark Cartwright, Graeme Davison, Sjors van Duren, Carl has not tested products or services that are described herein, and Fax: +32 (0) 2 500 56 80 Friedrisch Eckhardt, Patrick van Egmond, Francoise Guaspare, Andreas their inclusion does not imply any form of endorsement. By accepting email [email protected] Kossak, Martin Kracheel, Jim McGeever, Brian McGuigan, Steen Møller, advertisements in this publication, the publisher does not warrant their www.polisnetwork.eu Thomas Mourey, Hans van Nikkelen Kuijper, Robert Sedlak, Gemma accuracy, nor accept responsibility for their contents. The publisher Follow Polis on Twitter: http://twitter.com/Polisnetwork Tunmore, Veneta Vasileva, Jens Velling, Raffaele Zortea welcomes unsolicited manuscripts and illustrations but can accept no Subscriptions, Circulation and Accounts liability for their safe return. H3B Media North America Kerry Hill ([email protected]) 1960 Gallows Road, Suite 220, Vienna, Virginia 22182-3827-99 USA Group Publishing Director © 2017 H3B Media Ltd/Polis. All rights reserved. Tel +1-703-893-0744 Kevin Borras The views and opinions of the authors are not necessarily those of email [email protected] Group CEO H3B Media Ltd or Polis. Reproduction (in whole or in part) of any text, H3B Media Latin America Luis Hill ([email protected]) photograph or illustration contained in this publication without the Rua Princesa Isabel, 94, conj 112, written permission of the publishers is strictly prohibited. Brooklin, São Paulo – CEP 04601-000, Brazil Printed in the UK by CMYK Ltd Tel +55 11 5095 0096 email [email protected]

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01 Foreword.indd 2 19/05/2017 12:42 MANAGEMENT European transport chains • Integrating urban mobility within overall • Integrated urban mobility and network management • Demand management Management related solutions and congestion • Pressure on availability of space • City dynamics • Carbon footprint (energy use) • Air quality urban mobility? challenges a f Which major Infographic How to achieve sustainable urban mobility? on Urban mobility ERTRAC roadmap Urban mobility solutions and services to be prioritised forUrban mobility solutions and services European research and innovation ect ect Governance, URBAN MOBILITY regulation business models SERVICES passenger mobility • Integrating urban freight and • Integrated payment • Integrated information relatedService solutions SUMPs modelling Big data tools and INFRASTRUCTURE trends in f uence urban mobility? Which major • Optimised use of infrastructures • Smart interchanges • Land use and transport interactions Infrastructure • Demographic changes (including automation) • Sharing economy • Digitalisation SOLUTIONS MODAL mobility system. sustainable and resource-efficient convenient, competitive, the aim to achieve a more with mobility and freight delivery research priorities related to urban Urban Mobility roadmap identifies IntegratedThe new ERTRAC approaches, is required. multimodal and intermodal smart, adopting innovative user-centric, mobility solutions and services a wide range of complementary tackle related societal challenges, increasing demand as well continues to rise. To manage this same time, transport demand and perceive similar trends. At the European cities face similar challenges supporting economic growth. for passengers and goods society in providing access to services Urban mobility is vital to European • Active and light travel modes • Clean fuels and vehicles Modal solutions

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01 Foreword.indd 3 19/05/2017 12:42 CONTENTS Volume 4 Issue 1 • May 2017

A Thinking Highways publication published by H3B Media Ltd in association with Polis 01 14 24 Polis Executive Director Karen Aarhus: Europe’s Capital of Culture is Zero Emissions Cities: - Who will Vancluysen and Thinking Cities getting a shiny, new light rail system win the race to be the world’s first Editor-in-Chief discuss the ever- emissions-free city? changing parameters of the smart city movement

SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE MODAL SOLUTIONS

Service related solutions Infrastructure Modal solutions • Integrated03 information • Land use and transport interactions • Clean fuels and vehicles 16 28 Infographic: ERTRAC’s urban mobility Arnhem-Nijmegen: Sjors van Duren, FIWARE: greenApes, Magenta and roadmap policy advisor for the Province of TeamDev join forces to launch an Gelderland, gets ready to host ethical smart city network Velo-city 2017 08 20 34 Odense: Steen Møller, Deputy Mayor Ile de France: Paris has launched Kaunas: Lithuania’s second city has for Employment and Social Services, an ambitious electric van-sharing something to tell visually impaired talks to Pasquale Cancellara scheme travellers

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2017Contents.indd SWARCO ad 6 Smart Mobility 210x260 Thinking Highways mit Fischen.indd 1 20.02.201719/05/2017 14:14:04 13:30 38 52 68 Luxembourg: How to track and trace Bamberg, Karlsruhe, Potsdam and Automation: Driverless cars will bring the mobility behaviour of a whole Stuttgart: How a huge blue ball many benefits, but the risks also need city’s worth of workers is making people think in several to be considered German cities 42 56 72 Pisa: A new electric passenger Urban Mobility: For a paradigm shift US Transit: Dr Andreas Kossak transport system is changing the in thinking a number of key economic weighs up the benefits of the transit mobility habits of an entire city drivers need to be in place system in the United States 44 60 78 Brussels, Budapest and Stockholm: Urban Logistics: An Internet of Bristol, Florida, Copenhagen: Thinking Cities reports from the 5th Things-enabled postbox could be Welcome to the Internet of Extremely Sustainable Urban Mobility Awards about to revolutionise the parcel Intelligent Urban Things delivery sector

Don’t miss out on the next issue of Thinking Cities! 48 64 Register for your free copy now at CIMEC: A roadmap for co-operative Motorcycle Safety: The European intelligent transport systems Association of Motorcycle Manufacturers’ plea for improvements in rider safety .com

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Contents.indd 4 19/05/2017 14:53 Senior transport officials from forward-thinking cities around the world discuss their plans for the future and how they are addressing the mobility issues that matter most to their citizens.

o Odense – Steen Møller, Deputy Mayor for Employment Cityview and Social Services, talks to Pasquale Cancellara Cityview o Aarhus –Europe’s Capital of Culture is getting a shiny, new light rail system o Arnhem-Nijmegen – Sjors van Duren, policy advisor for the Province of Gelderland, gets ready to host Velo-city 2017

Dividers.indd 5 19/05/2017 11:33 Odensification: how to grow your city organically

Thinking Cities’ Pasquale Cancellara talks to Steen Møller, Deputy Mayor for Employment and Social Services Department for the City of Odense, Denmark

Odense is a well-known, middle- it is even older than that – Odense a vibrant knowledge city. We have sized city in Denmark that has a is at least 1,300 years old. From the been struggling for the last 50 years very peculiar geographical position Middle Ages to more modern times, and feel now that the changes are in relation with the Danish capital, Odense was an important city in happening. Copenhagen. Could you give us a Denmark. Then in the 19th century it Odense lies in the middle of brief history of Odense? started to become an industrial city Denmark – for many people looking Odense is an old Danish city, believed with many factories being opened. at Denmark from the outside it must to be established before the year Now Odense is going through some be strange to see that Copenhagen is 1000, but new archaeological exca- big and challenging transformations the capital as it’s in a peripheral posi- vations have recently confirmed that that will turn its industrial past into tion. But this is due to the fact that 8 thinkingcities.com

Odense.indd 8 18/05/2017 19:44 Sweden used to be part of Denmark in the old times so Copenhagen was CItyview in the centre of Denmark at that time. Odense is nowadays closer to Copenhagen. Twenty years ago the Great Belt Bridge that connected Odense to Copenhagen was finalised and now it takes only 1 hour and 15 minutes by train, so in a way Odense is a also a suburb of Copenhagen, as well as being the 3rd largest city in Denmark. It’s also the birthplace of ODENSE Hans Christian Andersen who was born in the city in 1805. We have experienced that after the big transformations in the city got under way that the popula- tion started to grow very quickly. We reached 200,000 inhabitants in August 2016.

Why is the population growing so fast in Odense? What we can see is that the growth of the University and the higher educa- tion institution is part of the growth. It’s not the only explanation as it’s a combination of Odense’s popular- ity as an educational city combined with the transformation that is tak- ing off at the moment. From being a Main photo: Many mere industrial city, Odense is now new residential areas are popping becoming a knowledge city. up in Odense – About 30 years ago we decided that including these just we had to focus on robotics, together by the waterfront. with the university. We can see now that robotics is really a booming Left: Steen Møller in front of Odeon, industry for the city, but the same the city’s new music can also be said for IT, drones and and theatre venue welfare technology, if we look at the business side. The other side is that we have a very vibrant event culture. Now we have large music festivals with Common to both types of trams is the lots of events for students, a Hans simple, uncluttered Scandinavian Christian Andersen festival and a Harry Potter festival. The third rea- design. Great effort has been put son is the physical transformation of the city. We had a vision in mind, we in to providing availability for had the strategic aim densifying the wheelchair users and other city centre – we wanted to have more people living in the city centre. If you passengers with disabilities looked at Odense 10 years ago the 9

Odense.indd 9 18/05/2017 19:44 city centre was very flat, no density important transformation and are within the inner city, a very flat city Number crunching feeling enthusiastic. if you like. The core was simply too • 53,000 square metres of If before the general public small. This is due to the presence of retail, offices and housing. was fearing congestion due to the industry at the very heart of the city Thomas B Thriges Street removal, • 1,100 parking spaces are centre. So our ambition was to make now the attitude towards the pro- being built underneath. the city grow from the inside out. We ject is very positive. There were didn’t want to keep building single- • Construction commenced also fears that nobody would have family houses, so we took a series of in the summer of 2014. been attracted to this area and build strategic decisions, we made some The entire district is expected houses in it. financial decisions and we built infra- to be completed in 2020. structures that attracted several pri- How did you attract private vate investors to build new houses in investments? What was the busi- the centre. years of discussions, we decided that ness plan that you adopted for the All this is the result of a very inte- instead of just narrowing the street urban regeneration of Thomas B grated approach to urban develop- or allocating the space for buses we Thriges Street? ment: infrastructure and transport, would make three strategic decision The city used to own an energy com- culture and city branding. about the future of the street after it pany that was sold for DKr250m is closed: (€33m). We invested that amount (a Over the last decade, Odense l Get rid of the cars on the surface state rule in Denmark) and we got has been undergoing a series of l Build a tramline as the city’s DKr250m more from the Danish urban transformations with the highest class transport solution to foundation Realdania, and then the city centre being reshaped twice, connect the most important parts building rights were estimated to be in no small part due to enormous of it another DKr250m. Thomas B. Thriges Street regen- l Build a new big car park beneath So in total we had DKr750m to eration project. This has had a very the former Thomas B Thriges construct the parking basement in positive effect on urban mobility, Street while transforming the sur- order to build the facilities on the from bikes to cars, to active travel face which became free from cars. surface like the squares, etc. All the and now recently with the tram- rest is private investment like the way. Could you briefly tell us what All this happened in 2008. Now apartments and the hotels. The total brought the city to implement this big hotels are being built together investments amount is about DKr1 ambitious plan and what your over- with a large number of new apart- billion, but only about a third was all vision was? ments. People are seeing this public money. In the 1950s because of the industry Steen Møller overlooking the that was situated a lot near the har- transformation of Thomas B. bour, new roads were needed. So to Thriges Street from a 4-lane ease congestion the city decided to road to a new urban area build Thomas B Thriges Street, a fast- moving, four-lane road that cut the middle of the city into two halves with the purpose of bringing people from the south where they lived to the north where the factories were located. Since it was opened people real- ised it was a big mistake. Since the 1980s there has been much discus- sion about how to make this road ‘right’ in the middle of the city cen- tre. After the construction of Thomas B Thriges Street many projects around Denmark were scrapped. I was elected to the City Council in late 2005 and two years later, after many 10 thinkingcities.com

Odense.indd 10 18/05/2017 19:44 We have a particular approach when we design for bike users: every time that we build a new road, CItyview we create a bike lane. When we built the bridges crossing the canal we built a super cycle highway at the same time

The new bicycle bridge connecting the bikes to be able to the same thing. northern and southern side of the railroad When building the super cycling tracks. Already a landmark for Odense it combines aesthetics and functionality highway we are looking at the qual- ity, we make sure that you can inflate ODENSE your tyres all along the entire route and that there are enough lights. We are also looking at the cycling cul- ture for the kids when they are still in the kindergarten. Our ambition is that every child from the first grade should use a bike or walk to school and we encourage that by letting the teachers plan bike excursions for the children. We lend bikes to kids if they don’t have one. We want to make bike a natural means of transport in their everyday lives.

Currently, Odense is considered as have been built, with 550km of actual At the moment the city is building a “the city of cyclists” (26 per cent of separated bike lanes in the city com- tramway line that is put forward as a all daily trips in the municipality are pared to 1000km of municipal roads solution to Odense’s future transport made by bike and there is a 540km in the city. We have a particular requirements. Why is this tram so bike network). Which was the pri- approach when we design for bike intrinsic to the success of the city? mary pressing reason that brought users: every time that we build a new The Initial decision was made back Odense to invest in cycling? road, we create a bike lane. When we in 2008 when we decided to close Growing up in Odense and in the rest built the bridges crossing the canal the main road – the aforementioned of Denmark, you don’t think of bikes we built a super cycle highway at the Thomas B Thriges Street. We used as a strategic means to get people same time. The bridge was opened the next few years to work on the not to use cars, it’s just a natural two years ago and it is just for cycling core of the project and on how to means of transport. and pedestrians crossing the rail- finance it. The reason why the tram is So when you compare with other road connecting the north and south. so important is that we simply need a cities in Europe, you have to take into For Odense all this comes natu- modern public infrastructure for our account that we have lots of rural rally, it’s something that people city that is growing rapidly. areas where people use bikes less. just expect. For the city council it is The University is expanding with In the inner city centre we have 50 a strategic tool, because we know a new science park being built next per cent of the modal split of bikes. that if we can just get someone once to it, new student housing and so The first designed bike lane was built a week to leave their car at home on. We estimated that by 2021 there back in 1895. The reason why it was and take a bike we will have less will be in the region of 60,000 more built is quite funny: the first bike lane congestion, less money to invest in people so we need to find a mobil- in Odense was built in order to let roads maintenance and have a better ity solution as we cannot let these the fine ladies that didn’t want to use quality of life. So we are investing in people attempt to move around by the same road as the horses were super cycle highways, a system iden- private cars or buses. We needed going (for “excremental purposes”) tical to the one used for cars. Just as to have something more in order to to reach the forest in the weekend. cars could go from the outside right accommodate the people using the But since then many bike lanes to the city centre, now it’s time for area. This line will connect the core 11

Odense.indd 11 18/05/2017 19:44 is interlinked. We know that in five Kengo Kuma designed the 2020 Olympic Stadium in Tokyo and is also the years the old University hospital will architect behind the coming Hans Christian Andersen Fairytale House be closed because the new one will be opened. So a new area will be made available and it can be trans- formed again. This area is near the city centre where the tramline 2 goes and we see this as a continuation of Odense’s transformation. We feel we have momentum - every day we read in the newspa- per about the success of robotics companies and more investors are coming to our city. We have to help these investors to keep coming here, to look at Odense as a good place for investments. We could be on the verge of creating a new Hans Christian Andersen fairytale. Aarhus Light Rail has ordered of the city, that is the University area new tramline. Now it’s slightly lower two different types of trains: on the to the city centre. The tram will con- due to the fact that lots of people route to Grenaa, the speed will reach nect also the city’s main facilities are annoyed because of the build- 100 km/h. Hence, xll also boost the and the big shopping areas and the ing sites and the construction works. development of the existing parts of big malls. But what we saw from other cities’ the city that it will run through. The So we wanted to connect the most experiences is that once the tram- outcome, when the modern, quiet important parts of the city. We’ve line is opened public support again and pollution free light rail replaces been looking at what other cities becomes very high. At the moment the more noisy and polluting buses, is experienced when building a new we are facing a growing opposition a completely different and improved tramline and we have noticed that and it is quite natural. We carried out urban environment. this generates lots of new private a good communications campaign investments along the line, espe- and we made a huge effort to make cially by the tram stops. sure that the general public was well FYI The overall city planning is now being informed. The last result is that 55 Steen Møller, Deputy Mayor of linked to the tramway construction and per cent of citizens are still in favour. the City of Odense, is also the to the city centre’s densification. The Chair of the CIVITAS Political tramway fits very well in the overall Finally, what are Odense’s plans for Advisory Committee, a small urban planning projects of the trans- the future once this urban transfor- group of leading and highly formation of large parts of Odense. mation project is completed? motivated politicians that The tramways will cost DKr3 billion, of One of the things we are really look- acts as the steering group which 40 per cent comes from the gov- ing forward to and for which we got of the CIVITAS initiative and ernment, 3 per cent from the region, the finances a few months ago is network of cities. CIVITAS and the rest is from the municipal- the future Hans Christian Andersen welcomes all CIVITAS Forum ity. Also, we are looking at the option Fairytale House. This house will be members as well as European of having self-driving minibuses as a designed by the Japanese architect and global urban mobility feeder system for the tramline. Kengo Kuma, who is perhaps best stakeholders at the CIVITAS known for his Tokyo 2020 Olympic Forum Annual Conference How did you manage to get public Stadium that is currently being built. in Torres Vedras, Portugal involvement and acceptance of this As far as it concerns the tramline, from 27-29 September 2017. very disruptive project? after the first line we want a sec- For more information: When we launched the project in ond and in my opinion also a third www.civitas.eu 2008, 85 per cent of people were in and a fourth line because the plan- favour of the decision to build the ning is important so that everything 12 thinkingcities.com

Odense.indd 12 18/05/2017 19:44 Towns and Cities: Register now for EUROPEANMOBILITYWEEK 2017 Register your MOBILITYACTIONS: Tell us about the promotional action you’re organising in your neighbourhood, city, town, school, organisation or company, and become a part of the EUROPEANMOBILITYWEEK campaign. www.mobilityweek.eu

EuroMobility Ad for H3B.indd 1 18/05/2017 14:23 Light relief

The first stage of the Aarhus Light Rail system will be inaugurated later in 2017, coinciding with the city’s tenure as the European Capital of Culture. The Light Rail will improve both mobility and the environment, while also working as a driver for urban development, as Jens Velling reports

his has been a significant year part of the light rail system. The sec- passengers will be serviced by a for Aarhus, the second largest ond part will be a new city line reach- slightly smaller tram. Tcity in Denmark. In 2017 the ing from the central station in Aarhus, Common to both types of trams is city has been the European Capital to two new districts at Lisbjerg and the simple, uncluttered Scandinavian of Culture, and at the same time, the Nye, located north of the city centre. design. Great effort has been put in to first light rail system in Denmark is Aarhus Light Rail has ordered two providing availability for wheelchair set to be inaugurated. different types of trains: on the route users and other passengers with dis- The first stage of Aarhus Light to Grenaa, the speed will reach 100 abilities. The selection of materials Rail consists of two parts. The exist- km/h. Hence, it will be operated by a and colours are coordinated to give ing railway from Grenaa to Odder via tram-train offering high comfort for Aarhus Light Rail a distinct, yet ele- Aarhus will be upgraded and made longer journeys. In the city of Aarhus, gant identity. 14 thinkingcities.com

Aarhus.indd 14 18/05/2017 15:15 AN ALTERNATIVE and cars. Furthermore, pollution from TO CAR QUEUES car exhaust and harmful particles will

Much thought has CItyview been given to the One of the lines of Aarhus also be substantially reduced. interior design of Light Rail will run on The electricity for the trams is the light rail sytem Randersvej, which today made from renewable energy such is one of the busiest as wind power and biomass. Thus, roads in the city. In the Aarhus Light Rail will make a sub- northern part of Aarhus, stantial contribution to the fulfillment the line will make a turn of Aarhus’s ambition to become CO2- off Randersvej and con- neutral by 2030. tinue towards the new University Hospital. On A TOOL FOR URBAN AARHUS the way, the light rail will DEVELOPMENT pass several companies, Aarhus Light Rail is not merely a residential areas and transport system, but indeed a tool for educational institutions. urban development. Experience from As such, the Aarhus Light Rail other countries shows great interest will become an alternative for thou- in investing in real estate along the sands of current users of public corridors of a light rail system. When transportation. Furthermore, it has the rails are first laid down, you will the potential to attract many motor- be guaranteed efficient public trans- ists, who will be able to move quickly portation for years to come. Such a and smoothly from the city centre to long-term outlook attracts inves- the north of Aarhus. tors and developers alike, increasing During rush hours, the light rail will investments in both businesses and have a frequency of eight departures real estate. per hour, making it unnecessary to The municipality of Aarhus also look at timetables – passengers will focuses on urban development along simply arrive at the station and take the light rail system. Two new neigh- the first available tram. bourhoods are planned as clusters around the first stage of the light ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES rail, respectively in Lisbjerg and Nye, All 26 trams and tram-trains are north of central Aarhus. The total electrically powered, which will ben- population of the two new areas is efit the environment in many ways. estimated to reach 40,000. An electric tram is very quiet com- The Light Rail will also boost the Aarhus’s new light rail system pared to buses, diesel-powered trains development of the existing parts of is set to go live later in 2017 the city that it will run through. The outcome, when the modern, quiet and pollution free light rail replaces the more noisy and polluting buses, is a completely different and improved urban environment.

FYI Jens Velling is Chief Communications Officer at Aarhus Letbane [email protected] aarhusletbane.dk

15

Aarhus.indd 15 18/05/2017 15:15 Images: Studio Braaf

Sjors van Duren is Policy Advisor for the Province of Gelderland in the Netherlands and Programme Director of Velo-city 2017, the major cycling conference that takes place from 13-16th of June in the Arnhem and Nijmegen Region. He tells Florinda Boschetti more about his job as the lead Cycling Officer and Programme Director of the world’s leading cycling event. Cycle of change

n 2014, the-then 29-year old Sjors Sjors van servant, who believes in an idea and van Duren was awarded as the Duren knows how to realize that idea,” and INetherlands’ ‘Best Civil Servant “an out-of-the-box thinker with an of the Year’. This is some achieve- unstoppable amount of energy.”” ment for someone of such a tender Today Van Duren is Policy Advisor age so, Thinking Cities wondered, at the Province of Gelderland where who is the man behind this prestig- he coordinates cycling policy in the ious prize? Arnhem-Nijmegen City Region and “At that time I was a traffic it’s clear that he his dynamic enthu- and transport consultant at the siasm isn’t even close to showing Arnhem-Nijmegen City Region and signs of wearing out. I was elected winner by the profes- “I work closely with local govern- sional jury of Public Mission maga- ments and the national government zine, chaired by Jacques Wallage to get broad (political) support for the among 100 best civil servants of the development of the provincial cycling Netherlands. I was, according to plans. I also contribute to the work the jury, “a young, enterprising civil of the CROW/KpVV (a not-for-profit 16 thinkingcities.com

Arnhem.indd 16 18/05/2017 16:31 There are more bicycles than there are people in the Netherlands cycling regions in the Netherlands and has developed a cycling infra- Cityview structure in which cyclists and bicycles have come to receive top priority. Safety and speed are core values,” insists Van Duren, “ and cyclists are respected and innovation runs free. Plus we had some excel- lent selling points! Firstly, we have the largest, most extensive and top- quality cycle superhighway network in the Netherlands: 60 kilometres of ARNHEM-NIJMEGEN cycle path will be built by 2017, most of which will be non-stop routes. The special bicycle bridge over the River Waal is the perfect solution and a ‘must see’ in light of the global issue organization in the Netherlands, the For a cyclist that sounds like noth- of bicycle access over bridges, rivers, technology platform for transport, ing short of heaven on earth. canals and train routes. The same infrastructure and public space) “Planning cycling infrastruc- applies to the ‘Het Groentje’ bicycle and the Dutch Cycling Embassy, to ture often encounters resist- bridge on the cycle superhighway develop and spread knowledge on ance in public opinion, even in the between Nijmegen and Arnhem.” cycling; especially on the relation Netherlands which is considered Van Duren isn’t finished. “We have between spatial planning, land use to be a cycle-friendly country,” Van huge bicycle parking facilities with and cycling,” he elucidates. Duren responds with something of a thousands of spaces in Nijmegen and “I was a pioneer in the realiza- ‘straight bat’. Arnhem’s central train stations now. tion of fast cycling routes between “The Dutch really enjoy cycling. The ‘OV Chipkaart’ is a good exam- the cities of Arnhem and Nijmegen: Most Dutch people (around 84 per ple of coordination between public The RijnWaalpad. Together with four cent) own one or more bicycles. transport and bicycles, because the municipalities, a Province and the Of the 17 million inhabitants in the card can be used to rent an ‘OV-fiets’ local representatives of the Dutch’ Netherlands, 13.5 million are cyclists bicycle, as well as for other pub- Cyclists union, €17m was invested in and they own 22.3 million bicycles lic transport services. This leads to a 16km-long super cycle highway. in total. There is no other simi- completely coordinated connections The goal is to change the behav- larly affluent country in the world between both cities. We also have iour of commuters, from driving where bicycles are used so inten- a visiting cycling professor and we their cars to riding their bikes. The sively! Good cooperation between host the yearly International Cargo RijnWaalpad is a testing ground Municipalities, Region and other Bike Festival. Last but not least, for cycling-innovations: an interac- Governmental bodies is key to suc- Nijmegen will be European Green tive app, new designs for tunnels cess of cycling projects. We still can Capital in 2018.” and lighting. I also contributed to learn a lot from other countries, for It’s doubtful that any of the other the realization of the cycling tunnel instance on behaviourial change and candidate cities could compete under the A15 highway which is part on framing the bicycle better - the with any of that but Van Duren is of the RijnWaalpad. There is an inter- Danes are world champions at that. of the opinion that there’s more to active light sculpture in this tunnel After Groningen played host in their winning than what they have. that is essentially a network of LED 1987 and Amsterdam held the Thinking locally, acting nationally units that can light up in various col- event in 2000, the Velo-city confer- might have been just as important. ours. With the Bicycle Buddy smart- ence is back in the Netherlands in “Actually, the whole country of the phone app cyclists can choose their 2017. So, with all due respect, how Netherlands will be the host of Velo- own favourite colour. By passing the did Arnhem-Nijmegen win over the city in June. The conference itself will tunnel more often you can collect jury and beat the other candidate take place in Arnhem and Nijmegen more colours to choose from. In this host cities? but we have an extensive pre- and way cycling on the RijnWaalpad is “The Arnhem-Nijmegen region is post-programme in the best Dutch rewarding and fun.” one of the leading, most progressive cycling cities, organized by the Dutch 17

Arnhem.indd 17 18/05/2017 16:31 Cycling Embassy, and numerous Strategy, under the supervision of enviously high levels of modal split? excursions during the conference. On the European Cyclists’ Federation “We will further integrate cycling the Wednesday afternoon, 14 June, (ECF), which will recommend objec- policy into an intermodal transport all conference attendees will visit tives and define actions falling within system and the cooperation with Amsterdam to “be an Amsterdammer EU competence,” he purrs. architects and urban designers will for a day”. A dedicated train will take “The keynote speakers will high- be exploited to seek new solutions all participants to Amsterdam to ride light the five conference themes: and combine attractiveness and there and have a great evening in the Governance, Infrastructure, People, effectiveness,” he notes. “We will Dutch capital!” Bikenomics and Urban Planning, continue to improve our infrastruc- So what exactly is Van Duren’s in a different and innovative way. ture as we get more diverse bicycles role? What does being Programme Personally, I am very proud to pre- like speed pedelecs and cargo-bikes. Director of Velo-city 2017 entail and sent names like philosopher and We will also continue to work on what will attendees have in store? Dutch national thinker René ten behavourial change, for instance “Together with a team my role Bos, the “cycling professor” Marco with connectivity and with apps. is to create a top-notch confer- te Brömmelstroet and Julia Nebrija “The OV-fiets shows that there is a real synergy between high-quality Arnhem-Nijmegen could not be a more fitting host for Velo-City 2017 public transport (rail or bus corri- dors) and cycling. Getting to the sta- tion by train and hopping on the bike for the last 5 kilometers; offering you the convenience of public trans- port on the long stretches and the freedom of cycling in the city near the station. “The creation of fast cycling routes, sometimes called super cycle high- ways, makes it more and more convenient to travel by bike into the cities,” he concludes. “The removal of stops and the added comfort make cycling easier and more enjoyable and they prove to be an excellent sys- tem for the pedelec, reducing travel times and, very importantly, the ence programme. The conference from Manila who will be address- efforts needed to bridge distances in programme contains a number of ing the impact of cycling on social the larger urban regions.” inspiring keynote speakers, plenary inclusion and emancipation. In spe- sessions and more than 60 parallel cial outdoor sessions conference MORE INFORMATION sessions. There are over 260 speak- participants will see the effects of • Velo-city 2017 conference: www.velo-city2017.com and preliminary ers from more than 40 countries: Dutch bicycle policy in practice (and programme www.velo-city2017.com/ great speakers from around the also have a look at the not-so-good program/conference-programme world will be presenting their latest projects!) and they can bring their • Cycling in the Arnhem Nijmegen City Region: www.snelfietsroutesgelder- insights, stories and research. cycling project to special design land.nl/arnhemnijmegencycling “Velo-city 2017 will welcome the workshops with the best Dutch EU Commissioner for Transport, experts from CROW.” Violeta Bulc, for the official hando- Finally, Thinking Cities wanted to FYI ver of the blueprint EU Cycling know what the future has in store Florinda Boschetti is Project Strategy. Stakeholders from diverse for Van Duren and for what is clearly Manager at Polis where backgrounds, including Polis and his passion: cycling in the Arnhem- she is the leader of the some of other Members, have joined Nijmegen Region. What are his Environment & Health pillar forces over the past few months to future projects for keeping up the [email protected] develop a blueprint for an EU Cycling good work and maintaining those 18 thinkingcities.com

Arnhem.indd 18 18/05/2017 16:31 This section looks at the impact that urban and regional mobility has on the environment and on health, and how the adverse impact can be reduced Health in Transport Environment and Environment o Ile De France - Paris has launched an ambitious electric van-sharing scheme and Health in o Zero emissions cities - Who will win the race to be the world’s first emissions-free city? Transport o FIWARE - greenApes, Magenta and TeamDev join forces to launch a FIWARE-enabled smart city network

Dividers.indd 13 18/05/2017 21:21 Commercial in confidence This Citroen Berlingo is among Ile de France’s fleet of Light Commercial Electric Vehicles

Photo © Groupe PSA Direction de la communication la de Direction PSA Groupe © Photo

With the financial support of the Ile-de-France region and the national agency for environment and energy (ADEME), the City of Paris launched the VULe project in January 2017. The project implements an innovative electric van-sharing scheme for professionals in the French Capital. Françoise Guaspare and Thomas Mourey take up the story

n order to foster innovative projects able to develop new logis- that are accessible to all and which mobility solutions in the Ile- tics systems, to create new part- contribute to the energy transition. Ide-France region, in 2015 the nerships and funding models and The Ile-de-France region received French regional authority launched to change the users’ behavior in the a large number of applications and an open call for innovative mobil- field of urban transport. selected six projects to be funded, ity projects. Through this open The objective was clearly to test including VULe (Véhicules Utilitaires call, the region expected to select and deploy innovative solutions Légers Electriques, or Light Electric 20 thinkingcities.com

VULe EVs.indd 20 18/05/2017 17:54 Health in Transport Commercial Vehicles), an electric adapted to their delivering activi- vehicles are electric vans supplied Environment and van-sharing scheme for local crafts- ties and admitted that the price of by PSA-Citroën. The fleet is com- men and shopkeepers in Paris. such vehicles is the main obstacle pleted with a refrigerated electric for the acquisition of an electric (or Renault Kangoo van and a hydro- A RESPONSE TO A NEW equivalent) vehicle. gen vehicle provided by the com- LEGAL FRAMEWORK Moreover, freight vehicles in pany SymbioFCell. The concept of the project responds urban areas are used for short dis- To use the scheme, professionals to the results of a study carried out tance journey and are responsible must register online, via a dedicated by the Paris Economic Chamber that for 30 to 50 per cent of urban trans- platform on which they can choose shows that 47 per cent of companies port related pollutants (PM, NOx, their type of subscription and book in Paris use a vehicle to deliver goods PM) emissions as well as for ambi- a vehicle any time they need to use in the city. This represents approxi- ent noise. They are therefore good one. The online pre-booking system PARIS, ÎLE DE FRANCE mately 45,000 vehicles. candidates for electrification. gives users the certainty of finding a Due to the new French law on In this context, the Ile-de-France vehicle at a pre-defined station at a the Energy transition, 9 per cent region decided to financially sup- certain hour, therefore reducing the of these freight vehicles (3,900) port the City of Paris for the imple- anxiety related to the fact of sharing – those registered before 2001 - mentation of the e-van sharing a vehicle. will not be allowed to circulate in scheme for local craftsmen and The payment is made via the the city of Paris after July 2017 as shopkeepers in the framework of same platform, on a pay-as-you-go the municipality of Paris recently the VULe project. basis at a rate ranging from 3€/hour introduced new regulations limit- to 11€/hour depending on the hour ing the traffic of polluting vehicles VULE IN ACTION (peak hour or off-peak hour) and in the city with restriction levels The electric van-sharing scheme the type of subscription. increasing over time. In the study – managed by Clem’ - proposes a carried out by the Paris Economic total of 10 zero-emission vehicles EXPECTED RESULTS Chamber, half of the companies’ for sharing in five stations located AND NEXT STEPS directors interviewed said that sus- in the very centre of Paris (2nd and The test phase started in April 2017 tainable vehicles would be better 3rd arrondissements). Eight of the and runs until the end of the year.

The City of Paris received financial support from the Ile de France region for the VULe project 21

VULe EVs.indd 21 18/05/2017 17:54 the reasons for using VULe prior to the test period. The idea is to compare the infor- mation collected at the start of the pilot project with the effective use of the service. In a second phase, the VULe partners will interview different types of users in order to understand why they are using the service frequently or not. This task will also allow the identification of the companies that regularly use the service and the companies that use the service more randomly and see if there is a correlation between the type of use and the type of deliv- Will the project achieve one of its goals and ery activities of the company. change the mobility behaviour of its local workforce and their employees? Finally, after the demonstration test, users will be asked whether During this period, the objective of by the users. The same applies to they are ready to use permanently the Ile-de-France region, the City time and money invested in main- the new service or not and how much of Paris and their partners will tenance. One of the users, the man- they would be willing to pay for it. be to change the behaviour of the ager of a wine bar in the centre of If the pilot project proves to be local craftsmen and shopkeepers Paris, estimates that using VULe successful and if the results of the by showing them the possible eco- vehicles will costs around €800 per analysis are encouraging, the City nomic benefits of using the electric month, compared to the approxi- of Paris will considering making van-sharing system. mately €2,000 their current diesel the electric van sharing scheme The idea of the City of Paris is to give vehicle costs. permanent and to expand it all to small companies the opportunity During the test phase of the VULe over the city in order to increase to respect the environmental norms project, the partners look into the the environmental impact of zero- without major investment. Christophe business case and expansion pos- electric deliveries in the city. Najdovski, the Deputy Mayor in charge sibilities. The partners estimate of transport explains that this scheme that to be economically profitable, is a practical response both to the the electric van-sharing scheme FYI needs of the craftsmen and shop- must propose one vehicle for at Françoise Guaspare is an EU keepers in Paris and to the repetition least 20 users. Prior to the launch policy and communication of pollution peaks. of the project, the Paris Economic officer at the representation The advantages for the profession- Chamber identified approximately office of Ile-de-France to als are numerous: using the zero- 70 companies that were interested the European Union emission shared vans enables them in testing the VULe concept and to francoise.guaspare@ to drive in Paris without any restric- take part in the pilot phase. iledefrance-europe.eu tion related to the environmental performance of their vehicles. THREE STEP PROGRAMME Thomas Mourey is a The cost of the vehicle per hour A group of 15 users has been project officer at Polis is limited and the overall cost of selected to evaluate the concept [email protected] using the sharing scheme is much and give feedback on the services For more information please lower than the purchase cost of a and indicate their suggestions. This contact Nathalie Granes, head corresponding diesel (or clean) analysis work will be made follow- of the department of transport delivery van. Finally, thanks to the ing a three-step approach. The first at Ile-de-France region - 12 parking places reserved for the phase has started with the identifi- [email protected] vehicles of the sharing scheme, the cation of the users’ needs regarding vulepartages.fr/autopartage costs and time usually related to the delivering activities (frequency, parking are no longer supported duration and trips time slots) and 22 thinkingcities.com

VULe EVs.indd 22 18/05/2017 17:54 Traffi c Law Enforcement Police & Security ANPR Traffi c Data Management Traffi c Safety Services

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Holding out for a zero The race is on for a zero emissions city of the future. Graeme Davison sets the pace

n 1950, less than one in three join the ranks by 2030. accompanying effects of carbon people lived in urban areas. Though the modern city streets emissions. IToday over half of us call the city may not be paved with gold, these Urban transportation systems our home, and by 2050 that number figures show that they do continue need to evolve as their cities do, is set to rise to every two in three to thrive. However, the modern city and that evolution in the way people of us. Over the course of 100 years, also has its challenges. Challenges navigate a modern city - what we the pressure on the cities where we that will only become more acute term urban mobility - poses many live, work and socialise will have as such cities continue to grow in questions. As more and more peo- doubled. Our planet already hosts both size and number. Among the ple look to travel, can journey times 28 mega cities (with populations of most prominent of these chal- avoid increasing? Can quality of life over 10 million), with 13 more set to lenges is transportation, and the be maintained, or improved, in a 24 thinkingcities.com

Zero Es.indd 24 18/05/2017 17:48 Health in Transport city with more travel infrastruc- to become the first zero emissions We also know that autonomous Environment and ture? How must public and private city of the future. vehicles will play a significant role transport flex to carry millions in making zero emissions trans- more in the coming years? Perhaps WHAT WILL A ZERO EMISSION portation a reality. Driverless cars, most importantly, how can we rise CITY LOOK LIKE? taxis, buses and trains will mini- to these and other challenges while While we can’t accurately predict mise human error and make jour- simultaneously reducing the envi- what a zero emissions city of the neys much more efficient, reducing ronmental impact of all transport future will look like, we can predict congestion and increasing travel systems? that it’s highly likely they will share speed. Paired with EVs, these two There is no single solution or an more than a few traits. Taxis, inner technologies will have the greatest ideal city model that answers city rail and bus fleets will depend impact on urban mobility. these questions. There on clean, sustainable energy for Finally, for those who become zero ZERO EMISSIONS CITIES is, however, a com- power. Governments of zero emis- emission city pioneers, these cities mon thread in the sion cities will prioritise sustain- will pair technological advancements way cities are able transportation networks both and sustainable infrastructure with responding to in terms of regulation and funding. substantial financial and non-finan- the urban mobil- For those who choose private cial incentives to encourage the use ity challenge transport they will in all likelihood of sustainable transport. Such cities - technology. rely on electrically powered vehi- will have made the zero emissions Just as urban cles. Many journeys will also rely agenda a priority via binding city- areas built on car-sharing, and households level plans and through international around river will subscribe to schemes that will commitments at a country level. barges or allow them access to a car when the horse they need one. The preference for WHO ARE THE FRONTRUNNERS? shifted to public transport and car-sharing While many may hold zero emission accom- will ultimately lead to a reduced ambitions, some cities are much m o d a t e number of vehicles on the road as farther along this journey, and are the emer- well as the space needed for driv- likely contenders for the title of the gence of ing and parking cars. Congestion first zero emissions city. the car, will ease, and new-found spaces Qualcomm Technologies Inc. new technol- could be converted into green recently commissioned a report ogy is prompt- leisure areas or used more effi- from the Centre for Economics ing a major ciently for housing or commercial and Business Research (Cebr) into rethink about the developments. the viability of zero emission cities way we organise cit- ies. The Internet, smartphones and connected devices are having a profound impact on the shape of Technology is playing a pivotal Holding out for a zero the cities in which we live. Maturing role in helping cities address urban mobility challenges and emerging technologies such as electric vehicles (EV), connected public transport systems, ‘smart’ traffic sensors and even driverless cars offer a glimpse into what the mega city of the future might look like: a city in which people can travel efficiently, easily and sustainably. As cities around the world use these new technologies to learn how to cope with increasing trans- port demands while reducing envi- ronmental impact and improving quality of life, the race has begun 25

Zero Es.indd 25 18/05/2017 17:48 around the world. The results begin to paint a picture of the global urban landscape of the future: l Oslo is set to be the world’s first city with a zero emissions transportation solution. The Norwegian capital tops the over- all ranking, with London and Amsterdam occupying second Qualcomm’s 35-city study revealed some and third spots respectively. interesting results l European cities lead the way for sustainable transport. Eight of the top 10 scoring cities are based in Europe thanks to a mix- ture of innovative transportation schemes, intelligent use of tech- nology and an advanced approach to incentivising citizens to change habits. Tokyo and Seoul round out the top 10. l Asian cities are among the most ambitious and visionary in their approach to a zero emis- combine to leave North America sits towards the bottom of the sions future, but are challenged in a position where citizens have a index. However, its huge ambitions by the scale of the current situ- mixed level of incentives to change and willingness to invest signifi- ation. Cities across Asia show a their habits. cant sums means it could quickly particularly strong performance l South American cities are still in leap up the index. The Gulf city is in their preparedness for the early stages of battling emissions, in a somewhat unique position, future, with a desire to create but face fewer challenges. While as it scores poorly across both its smart, connected cities filled there are some encouraging signs current position and in its efforts with driverless EVs and public emerging from South America, cit- to create change, but extremely transport, but grave air pollution ies are largely in the early stages highly when it comes to prepared- concerns mean they face a long of introducing low emission meas- ness for the future. There is evi- road ahead. ures to transport systems and their dence the city is seeking to skip l Progress of North American cit- pace of progress is slow. However, stages of the journey towards ies is weakened by a reluctance to at present they face fewer chal- achieving zero emissions and fully embrace change. A feature lenges than in other parts of the should it stay on its current tra- shared by many North American world and could therefore achieve jectory, the city could rush up the cities that damages their overall a sustainable transportation sys- index in the coming years. ranking is citizens’ attachment to tem more quickly, should they l For African cities, achiev- private, polluting vehicles. Low fuel escalate efforts. ing zero emissions is still not costs and a tangled federal, state l With cheap oil and few zero a top priority, with little evi- and city legislative framework emission incentives, Abu Dhabi dence of efforts on the behalf

As cities around the world use these new technologies to learn how to cope with increasing transport demands while reducing environmental impact and improving quality of life, the race has begun to become the first zero emissions city of the future 26 thinkingcities.com

Zero Es.indd 26 18/05/2017 17:48 Health in Transport embrace them could accelerate Environment and this timeline, and displace Oslo as the race leader. Other European cities with a strong starting posi- tion and innovative mind-set are contenders, and could leapfrog Oslo, while Asian and some Middle Eastern cities show signs of look- ing to jump straight to the finishing line by investing significant sums The top five and bottom five in Qualcomm’s Zero Emissions Cities report in technology and infrastructure. of government or private par- Predicting which city’s transpor- Technology is a huge enabler ZERO EMISSIONS CITIES ties. Though cities such as Cairo, tation system will reach the mile- for the zero emissions cities of the Johannesburg and Nairobi have a stone of becoming emissions free future, but it’s far from the whole relatively low reliance on private, and when is complex. What is clear solution. Attitudes of governments polluting vehicles, there is little is that an entirely emissions free and citizens is just as, if not more, evidence of a desire for change system for urban mobility is still important. We’ve seen that those either at a governmental or citi- a few decades away at the earli- cities that are willing to both pull zen level and zero emissions isn’t est, as even Oslo, the top scorer the sustainable urban mobility deemed a key priority. in these rankings and the most agenda through incentives and mature city in its approach, has a push it via penalties have had the WHAT WILL IT TAKE TO WIN? target to be fossil fuel free by 2050. greatest success, in contrast to With so many cities showing a firm Given the city’s track record of set- others that remain attached to tra- commitment to eliminating emis- ting measured, achievable targets ditional means of transportation. sions, and some already relatively and its ability to meet them, this Emissions are now firmly on advanced towards achieving this timeframe should be realistic. the international agenda and cit- goal, the question is not whether a Oslo, however, shouldn’t relax ies have made incredible strides in city with a zero emissions transpor- yet. Rapid advances in technol- a short period of time to tackle the tation solution will exist, but when. ogy and other cities’ readiness to issue. The conditions for change are, broadly, in place and the future is looking positive, with technol- ogy breakthroughs in transporta- tion now firmly aimed at reducing emissions. Each city faces its own unique challenges and will find unique solutions for the people who live and work there, but with so many runners in the race all for the same goal there are commonali- ties and key learnings to be shared that will only accelerate advances towards cleaner, more connected and increasingly sustainable trans- portation systems.

FYI Graeme Davison is Vice Traffic in Lagos, Nigeria. Many African cities are President, Business a long way from prioritising zero emissions goals Development & Marketing, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

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Zero Es.indd 27 18/05/2017 17:48 The only way is ethics

Three FIWARE-based solutions for Smart Cities are IWARE, Future Internetware if you prefer the full descrip- joining forces to develop a modular and open Ftion, is a middleware platform, platform, leveraging “complementary vertical driven by the European Union, for the experiences” in the fields of IoT, data management development and global deployment of applications for Future Internet. and citizen engagement. The all-Italian line-up is The API specification of FIWARE is brought together by a common passion for ethical open and royalty-free, where the citizenship. Walter Alexander and Kevin Borras involvement of users and developers is critical for this platform to become introduce you to Magenta, greenApes and TeamDev a standard and reusable solution. The objective of FIWARE is to facilitate a 28 thinkingcities.com

FIWARE.indd 28 18/05/2017 15:52 Health in Transport Environment and ETHICAL CITIZENSHIP/FIWARE

TrafficFlow/Magenta’s devices can easily be installed with negligible Call strands (Market Acceleration costs compared to Grants, Development & Acceleration conventional bulky road infrastructure Grants), further developing the range of available FIWARE-enabled smart cost-effective creation and delivery mobility solutions, while broadening of Future Internet applications and into other Smart Cities areas. One services in a variety of areas, includ- of the success stories of the original ing smart cities, sustainable trans- frontierCities project was greenApes, port, logistics, renewable energy, an Italian-based sustainable, digital and environmental sustainabil- social network. ity. FIWARE provides an enhanced One of the success stories of the OpenStack-based cloud environment original frontierCities project was plus a rich set of open standard APIs carried out by greenApes, an Italian- that make it easier to connect to the based sustainable, digital social Internet of Things, process and ana- network. A FIWARE-powered solu- lyse big data and real-time media or tion, greenApes has been success- incorporate advanced features for fully piloted in Florence and Essen user interaction. geographical reach including 28 SMEs (European Green Capital 2017) and is In September 2014 the European and start-ups developing and trialling moving on to new cities and regions. Commission launched the FIWARE 28 smart mobility solutions in 45+ city greenApes is a digital platform that Accelerator programme whereby environments across Europe. promotes sustainable living by com- SMEs, start-ups and web entrepre- frontierCities disbursed €3.92 bining social networking, gamification neurs can get a funding support of million in grant funding to address and real-life rewarding elements. An up to €150,000 for the development of mobility issues in cities, through a enjoyable and completely free envi- innovative services and applications streamlined two-step application ronment for citizens, it delivers valu- using FIWARE technology. It calls process which attracted 594 Step 1 able services to municipalities and for SMEs and web entrepreneurs to and 207 Step 2 applications respec- partnering brands. Since late 2015 develop highly innovative services tively, and in addition provided tech- and throughout 2016 greenApes suc- and applications. nical and business support to the cessfully tested in the aforementioned One of the ways in which applicants selected solutions. two pilot cities with a thriving commu- can do this is through the frontier- frontierCities2 represents a quan- nity of citizens that is constantly grow- Cities2 - Another Level of Impact tum leap in the scope, ambition ing. Some 72% per cent of engaged Accelerator (fC2) builds on the pow- and service of the Acceleration & users declared they adopted new erful basis of the first edition of the Incubation process of FIWARE SMEs sustainable behaviours while engag- frontierCities Accelerator (2014- and Start-ups. It provides €1.6 mil- ing with the app. After approximately 2016), which created an exceptional lion in grant funding across two Open 10,000 app installs, 100 commercial 29

FIWARE.indd 29 18/05/2017 15:52 “I must say that the ICT team was a bit worried at first about this choice, The platform aims at developing a there were rumours about the com- sustainability-oriented culture, ponents being not fully reliable. But the enablers we picked gave us no reinforcing social norms around problems and developers were abso- lutely satisfied with the experience. sustainable lifestyles and giving The mentorship and training deliv- visibility to best practices ered were also very good, just as the ones offered during the FIWARE INCENSe acceleration program that partners, advanced contacts with new Overall the platform aims at we were part of with our separate cities and campaigns with national developing a sustainability-oriented business line, which develops solu- brands, the company is ready to culture, reinforcing social norms tions for employee engagement in expand its operations. around sustainable lifestyles and giv- sustainability and CSR programs of How does greenApes work? ing visibility to best practices. This large companies” Citizens can create a profile and earn public-private scheme successfully The next steps involve launch in points for inspiring the community introduced individual incentives for new cities and countries, while the with ideas and stories around sus- actions of collective interest. company is opening for a round of tainability, and for certifying their The greenApes platform is com- investment. But while evolving this green actions. These points, called posed by the frontend applications, citizen engagement app greenApes BankoNuts, give them access to which are available for mobile devices started looking into the opportuni- rewards offered by commercial part- (iOS and Android) and web browsers, ties offered by the Smart City plat- ners. By being part of the greenApes plus the backend services, which are forms market. platform, green companies gain vis- a set of distributed software com- “We never thought we should rein- ibility and access loyalty services to ponents deployed on different cloud vent the wheel, but rather liked the address a target audience of respon- services, to ensure scalability and idea of bringing our citizen engage- sible consumers. redundancy. ment experience to join companies Certification of green behaviours An essential component of the with complementary experiences,” is performed via the digital integra- backend services was developed with Eve argues. “I had worked with Walter tion with third-party apps (e.g. public FIWARE solutions. Under the fron- Nunziati from Magenta in previous transport, car-sharing, energy pro- tierCities acceleration programme projects and from the start I appreci- viders) but also in connection with greenApes developed the goApes ated their approach and IoT solutions. offline initiatives (recycling stations, functionalities that, among other We were looking forward to concrete NGOs). greenApes positions itself things, allow the connection of third- cooperation opportunities. When we as a tool that strengthens synergies party providers to the rewarding sys- started discussing about the devel- among existing and future initiatives tem of the platform and the automatic opment of Smart City Platforms he of Smart Cities. acquisition of sustainable mobility brought along the name of TeamDev actions from trusted partners (e.g. and their experience with WiseTown. VIRTUE IS A VIRTUE car-sharing services, carpooling At that point the team felt right and we The platform brings together virtuous apps, public transport companies). rolled up our sleeves” behaviours of citizens, who get to build Gregory Eve, CEO and co-founder a sustainable profile over time, being of greenApes, is very positive about IN THE PINK acknowledged and rewarded for their the experience with the FIWARE Magenta’s TrafficFlow initiative is positive impact. Cities can thus benefit technology and acceleration pro- another story that began in Florence, of an incentivizing scheme, engaging gram: “Of course we were initially addressing a key problem of smart cit- citizens and promoting local green attracted to the programme, also for ies information systems, which is the economy, while displaying their com- the funding opportunities attached, acquisition of continuous traffic data. mitment to sustainable development. but as we deliver transparent solu- The recent push towards Intelligent The user experience can be read- tions for citizen engagement, we felt Transport Systems (ITS) within mod- ily customised city by city, allowing a that embracing FIWARE was the right ern day smart cities requires a large complete alignment with local strate- thing to do, for the sake of openness amount of high quality traffic flow gies and priorities. and interoperability”. He continues: data in real-time. In particular, data 30 thinkingcities.com

FIWARE.indd 30 18/05/2017 15:52 Health in Transport collected from fixed or tem- catalogue, and particu- Environment and porary on-road stations are larly we used the Orion5 important for a variety of plan- context broker to acquire ning, operation, and public data from the sensors and information tasks and ser- the Cosmos Big Data6 ena- vices, including: bler suite to store the data l Solving traffic congestion for efficient retrieval,” problems (demand man- says Sanjeya Cooray, lead agement, based on under- architect of the solution at standing of the behaviour Magenta’s Magenta. of traffic under normal TrafficFlow Magenta seeks partner- and extreme conditions, to architecture ships for the TrafficFlow ETHICAL CITIZENSHIP/FIWARE encourage drivers to change product, and in particu- mode of transport, alter the European countries: some merge lar would like to integrate time of day or day of travel, or not to manual and automated tools, but their solution with systems and plat- travel at all); nowhere is there a fully automated form for smart cities, “to leverage l Promoting economically and system across the whole country. existing and upcoming initiatives environmentally sustainable This is where TrafficFlow steps in: centred on projects focusing on digi- modes of transport (improved pub- it is an innovative, flexible and low- tal social innovation. With this goal in lic transport, safe walking and cost platform for road-traffic data mind, greenApes is a perfect match cycling); collection and analysis. It is based to our proposal and we are currently l Mapping in real-time available on sensors equipped with video working toward the design of an inte- parking spots in order to commu- analysis software, capable of col- grated solution for sustainable mobil- nicate information to users. lecting meaningful statistics on the ity which includes our IoT monitoring number of vehicles passing through technology and their citizen engage- Traffic data is, therefore, vital for effi- the observed lanes, their estimated ment platform,” says Magenta’s CEO cient traffic management. Various speed, and their type. The sensor’s Walter Nunziati. reports demonstrate the dimension hardware is the Raspberry PI device of the challenge. Traffic congestion equipped with the Raspicam camera. WISE BEFORE THE EVENT “costs the US US$121.2 billion per In typical installations, the sensor is year.” The European Union estimates attached to a window, or other exist- that traffic congestion costs “about 1 ing vantage points, without requiring per cent of the total GDP every year any dedicated infrastructure (see pic- and also causes heavy amounts of tures below). carbon and other unwelcome emis- The entire platform has been sions”1. The relation between air extensively tested in the City of quality and traffic congestion has Florence in the context of projects been also demonstrated. CHEST2, and FIWARE accelerator However, there is a significant SOUL-FI3. Currently, the system is industrial and economic problem in usage in various pilots around EU related to traffic monitoring. Despite and beyond, including London as part Some years ago the founders of the importance of traffic data, most of the Organicity experiment.4 TeamDev were working in several cities have difficulty paying for infra- TrafficFlow is an example of a par- Public Administration IT projects and, structure embedded with on-road ticipatory approach to city monitor- after some experiences in middle size traffic sensors, which support suf- ing, where citizens directly support towns in Italy, the WiseTown concept ficient data collection. While traffic the growth of agile and smart solu- was starting to play on their mind. monitoring technologies (based on tions using modern technologies. Citizens and city management are inductive loops, cameras, ultra- Magenta is currently experiment- mostly on two different sides of the sound, radio waves, to name but a ing the combination of traffic and air “barricade” like in a perpetual undis- few) have existed for some time, quality monitoring in an ongoing pilot closed battle but this approach is not public and private organisations in Florence. sustainable in the medium-long term. continue to rely largely on manual “We built the web platform using So the idea was to create WiseTown traffic counts. This is true for most components from the FIWARE as an ecosystem of applications and 31

FIWARE.indd 31 18/05/2017 15:52 tools to improve citizens’ qual- awareness on hot spots and pro- ity of life in a collaborative envi- viding forecasts on city issues ronment. Wise stands for Web and future evolution about secu- Information Stream Enhancer rity, mobility, infrastructures and and from this we can appreci- other topics. All this information ate the main idea of the eco- can be enriched with the pre- system: collecting information existing legacy datasets of the from different data sources to city and are crucial to improve make them valuable to man- city planning. For this reason we age, organize and plan city say that WiseTown is a “city qual- development. ity enhancer”. In the project we started build- WiseTown applications are now ing two different applications: in use in the city of Perugia and l Issue Manager: a tool, they have been presented, thanks FIWARE at GCTC ’16: Andrea Cruciani composed by web, app and of TeamDev showcases WiseTown to the FIWARE Mundus initiative, API interface, capable of col- at several workshops in the US at lecting information about city volunteers and operators external to the US Ignite GCTC (Global City Team reports and managing them using the city management team. Challenge) organized with the col- an embedded set of workflows. All these vertical applications are laboration of NIST. WiseTown IssueManager can supported by specific modules like The initial kick-off of WiseTown relay each reported issue to the the OpenDataManager that enable has been accelerated by the FIWARE right office or external suppliers WiseTown to consume and generate Finodex project, in which WiseTown and then follow the issue solution new real-time updated Open Data has been awarded as one of the top- giving feedback to the citizens in sets, a valuable asset for the cities ranking projects, and thanks to that real time. It uses open standards and the IoT Monitor that connects we have been showcased as one of and Open311 as the main refer- our solution to third parties IoT solu- the FIWARE Success Stories and one ence to store and manage citizens tion, such as in the case of Magenta’s of the projects presented in several and not emergency reports; TrafficFlow that provide key informa- international events such as the Smart l Crowd Planner: a tool that cit- tion about mobility in the ecosystem. Cities World Expo 2016 in Barcelona, ies use to propose city improve- A key point of all the WiseTown First FIWARE Summit in Malaga ments to the citizens. It’s based civic technologies ecosystem is 2016 and now in the Second FIWARE on a geographical interface that citizens’ involvement, so we discov- Summit in Utrecht in May 2017. the citizens can use to navigate ered the importance of collaborat- Working in the Smart Cities civic the proposals and to evaluate ing with greenApes that can support technologies we are convinced that their impact on the cities and WiseTown to be correctly imple- technology adoption is a focal point to on their own neighbourhood. It mented among the citizens and that improve the overall quality of life for uses, as does the IssueManager, can provide useful information to the cities of tomorrow, we also think geographical Open Data to improve right usage of the applica- that: “We like Smart Cities but we empower cartographic visualiza- tions and future development of new prefer WiseTowns!” tion of the city. features requested by the citizens. WiseTown’s final goal is not only Now we are releasing a new mod- giving the right tools to the cities, ule, WiseTown Situation Room, an but the heart of the whole project is FYI environment that cities can use to the WiseTown Geo Analytics: a set of Gregory Eve is CEO and manage local emergencies and dashboards, maps and algorithms co-founder of greenApes other city-level events that involves that can support city managers to [email protected] not just the management team but analyse the actual situation, raising Walter Nunziati is CEO and co-founder of Magenta NOTES [1] European Commission (2014) The EU explained, Connecting Europe’s citizens and businesses [email protected] [2] http://www.chest-project.eu/ Andrea Cruciani is CEO and [3] http://soul-fi.ipn.pt/ [4] http://organicity.eu/ co-founder of TeamDev [5] https://catalogue.fiware.org/enablers/publishsubscribe-context-broker-orion-context-broker [email protected] [6] https://catalogue.fiware.org/enablers/bigdata-analysis-cosmos 32 thinkingcities.com

FIWARE.indd 32 18/05/2017 15:52 The section on Mobility, Multimodality and Traffic Efficiency addresses Mobility, Multimodality and issues related to network management, network efficiency and innovative Mobility, services, with a particular focus on Intelligent Transport Systems Traffic Efficiency o Kaunas - Lithuania’s second city has something to say Multimodality o Luxembourg - How to track and trace the mobility behaviour of a whole city’s worth of workers o Pisa - A new electric passenger transport system is and Traffic changing the mobility habits of an entire city o Brussels, Budapest and Stockholm - Thinking Cities Efficiency reports from the 5th Sustainable Urban Mobility Awards o CIMEC - A co-operative ITS roadmap

Dividers.indd 33 19/05/2017 11:33 The sound of progress

Visually impaired travellers in Kaunas are now finding it far easier to navigate their way around Lithuania’s second city with the help of an innovative audible bus information app, as Jim McGeever explains

t the start of this year, the speakers fixed to the front of buses to Kaunas city public trans- announce the bus number and route A port bus company launched direction was a primitive solution in the ‘KVT Voice’ app (Kaunas Public an age where most passengers now Transport ‘Voice’) for blind and visu- had smartphones. “About this time, I ally impaired persons. The develop- was aware of the potential of beacon ment of the app, from conception technology being used in retail, so I stage through various design and thought, ‘Why not use the same tech- development phases to full imple- nology to solve this problem’. mentation, has taken less than a year. “With a visual impairment it’s diffi- This hardware and software cult to know when the vehicle arrives solution allows blind and visually and which service it is. When looking impaired users of public transport a for how to solve this problem, we dis- more convenient and faster access to cussed a number of options with blind relevant information about services and visually impaired users. in real-time. It is the first such device “Finally, we decided to develop in Lithuania, and the inventor believes software and hardware that ena- Real-time route information connects it may also be the first such mobile bles real-time identification of the seamlessly with all vehicles on application internationally to pro- incoming bus and provides matching Kaunas’s public transport system vide an innovative interactive audio solution in real time to inform on the arrival of public transport vehicles at bus stops. Paulius Lengvenis - inventor, developer, and IT Manager at Kaunas Bus Company - says the inspiration for the idea came from a meeting he attended with Heads of Divisions and city council members in early 2016. At the meeting, the Vice Mayor explained that she was under pressure from leaders of the Blind and Visually Impaired Centre to substantially improve access to services. Paulius felt the suggestion of having loud 34 thinkingcities.com

Kaunas.indd 34 18/05/2017 15:52 Mobility, Multiodality and

HOW DOES IT WORK? Traffic Efficiency The main principle behind the device is relatively simple, allowing the real- time information on routes (part of the city’s PIKAS traffic management system - a system developed within the CIVITAS I programme) to connect with all Kaunas public transport vehi- cles – 245 diesel buses and 140 trolley buses. Each public transport vehicle is fitted with a small, cigarette-box sized beacon active tag, which in turn KAUNAS sends the information to the user’s phone. Standing at the stop, the user’s mobile phone will ‘speak’, tell- ing of the next arriving bus and stating its number and its route destination. Once on board, all buses already have audio announcements of the next stop, so route management for blind and visually impaired is made easier with this added service. Using Bluetooth 4 Low Energy (BLE) technology, widely used in mobile devices, installation was straightforward, and with relatively low costs. Installation for all pub- lic transport vehicles worked out to be approximately €40,000 with an additional amount of approximately €20,000 for development costs of the app. Low power consumption makes maintenance costs minimal too. “We are pleased and proud that this

innovation came from Kaunas city,”

ˆ says theˆ Vice Mayor of Kaunas, Rasa . Snapstiene. “It supports our commit- ment to provide for the needs of all of our citizens, especially those with I was aware of the potential of beacon disabilities. However, this app has technology being used in retail, so I also shown us how we might now use the same technology to improve ser- thought, ‘Why not use the same vice provision of public transport for other groups of users too. We have technology to solve this problem the system established, we know it works, and we now hope to use this to information about it,” he explains, will know what vehicle is arriving and further expand our knowledge.” before modestly adding: “This is the which route it is taking. The app is Further uses of the app for public first of its kind, I think.” also currently available with English transport may include bus stop and By downloading the free app “KVT as an optional second language for journey experience monitoring, allow- Voice”, available on the Google Play users, making public transport more ing passengers to provide instant store, blind and visually impaired accessible for foreign visitors and feedback on the condition of bus passengers waiting at any bus stop travellers to the city. stops and the interiors and exteriors 35

Kaunas.indd 35 18/05/2017 15:52 of vehicles, unruly behaviour of other With the city already planning for passengers, and the driver’s driving skills. The potential is there to have a its status of EU Capital of Culture fully active engagement with users of public transport services. in 2022, this technology has an enormous amount of potential to help CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT IN DEVELOPMENT the city grow and develop according to The Kaunas Centre for Blind and Visually Impaired lists around 700 the needs and wishes of its citizens members. They have long been ask- ing the city to provide improved public Paulius Lengvenius, creator of the KVT Voice app, transport services that specifically talks to the local media about his invention cater for their needs. Members from the centre tested the app and pro- vided user feedback to the techni- cal team, with suggestions on how to improve it. Saulius Kavaliauskas, the Leader of the Centre’s volun- teers, himself visually impaired, says: “During the day, I can just about make out the numbers of buses coming to the stop. However, come twilight I am in need of assistance in defining what buses are arriving. Having this app to tell me which bus or trolley bus is coming and exactly when it will arrive to be used not only for public transport The city of Kaunas has been at is brilliant. Those who are totally services, but also to promote the city’s the forefront of transport develop- blind have even more difficulties than cultural and commercial attractions. ments in Lithuania. In previous years, I do, as they need to be ready at all In the UK already, two large retail- it was an active participant in high times, and without assistance often ers are testing beacon technology as profile EU research and develop- can only guess by the sound of the a means of providing customers with ment projects including the very first vehicle which bus has arrived”. a fuller shopping experience, with CIVITAS programme (2002-2006) and other large stores in Sweden likely to winner of the prestigious CIVITAS FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS follow suit. The potential for Kaunas Demonstration City Award. In recent AND USES means that bus stops could provide years, the city has actively participated For development purposes, having information to customers within a in a number of high profile, innovative an open protocol means the range of 50-metre range to provide them with EU projects developing mobility man- opportunities for future use is unlim- event, product and price information agement measures in areas such as ited. The development team have for attractions in close proximity to public transport, mobility planning, started working on possible addi- the bus stop. Museums, art galleries, and road safety for schools. tional uses. Up to 100 bus stops will theatres, cinemas, shops, cafés and have beacon technology fitted before public exhibitions to name but a few the end of 2017, with another 100 fit- of the many city-based cultural and FYI ted with beacons by the end of 2018. commercial opportunities to increase Jim McGeever is Associate Bus stop beacons will allow the city customer interest in what’s going on Consultant at LUX Mobility transport team to work closely with in the city. other city departments to provide With the city already planning for [email protected] more focused information about the its status of EU Capital of Culture in For further information, or to interchange opportunities for pas- 2022, this technology has an enor- ask technical questions, please sengers breaking their journey. mous amount of potential to help the contact Paulius Lengvenis at However, there is by far a greater city grow and develop according to [email protected] and wider potential for this technology the needs and wishes of its citizens. 36 thinkingcities.com

Kaunas.indd 36 18/05/2017 15:52 Don’t miss Europe’s leading event for intelligent transport experts Don’t miss Europe’s leading event for 19–22 June 2017 A unique opportunity to: Strasbourg,intelligent transportFrance experts• exchange information and network with 2500+ stakeholders, decision and policy makers 19–22 June 2017 • A share unique best opportunity practices and to: lessons learned • monitor progress and measure • exchange information and Strasbourg, France results in terms of implementation network with 2500+ stakeholders, and deployment decision and policy makers Book your place today: • exhibit state of the art technologies • share best practices and lessons learned and innovative products and services • monitor progress and measure www.itsineurope.com • open business and partnership results in terms of implementation opportunities and deployment • showcase the latest ITS solutions Book your place today: • exhibit state of the art technologies and innovative products and services BIENVENUE www.itsineurope.com • openÀ STRASBOURGbusiness and partnership

THE EUROPTIMIST P04-05 opportunitiesSTRASBOURG EUROMÉTROPOLE P06-07 STRASBOURG VILLE D’ART ET DE CULTURE P08-09 PÔLE UNIVERSITAIRE P10-11 • showcasePÔLE SCIENTIFIQUE the latest P12-13 ITS solutions L’ÉPICURIENNE P14-15 ÉCO-MOBILE P16-17 AUX PORTES DE STRASBOURG P18-19 STRASBOURG, À LA CROISÉE DES ROUTES P20-21 ACCÈS AÉRIEN / FERROVIAIRE / AUTOROUTIER CAPACITÉ HÔTELIÈRE P22-23 Organised by: Hosted by: Supported by: LIENS UTILESBIENVENUE P24-25 À STRASBOURG

THE EUROPTIMIST P04-05 STRASBOURGSTRASBOURG EUROMÉTROPOLE P06-07 STRASBOURG VILLE D’ART ET DE CULTURE P08-09 CONVENTIONPÔLE UNIVERSITAIRE P10-11 PÔLE SCIENTIFIQUE P12-13 + EXHIBITIONL’ÉPICURIENNE CENTRE P14-15 ÉCO-MOBILE P16-17 AUX PORTES DE STRASBOURG P18-19 STRASBOURG CONVENTION + EXHIBITION CENTRE P28-29 STRASBOURG, À LA CROISÉE DES ROUTES P20-21 NOS ESPACES P30-31 ACCÈS AÉRIEN / FERROVIAIRE / AUTOROUTIER PLANS P32-37 CAPACITÉ HÔTELIÈRE P22-23 LES SERVICES P38-39 Organised by: Hosted by: Supported by: LIENS UTILES P24-25 RÉFÉRENCES P40-41

STRASBOURG CONVENTION + EXHIBITION CENTRE

STRASBOURG CONVENTION + EXHIBITION CENTRE P28-29 NOS ESPACES P30-31 PLANS P32-37 LES SERVICES P38-39 RÉFÉRENCES P40-41 xxxx caption(s) xxxxxxxx

OK commuter

Positive Drive is a gamified tracking and tracing campaign to uncover the mobility behaviour of employees in the Luxembourgish Cloche d’Or business area. Dr Martin Kracheel and Patrick van Egmond elucidate

magine a busy business area in workforce commutes daily between in the list of the 1000 most con- Luxembourg city, lots of cross- Luxembourg and the neighbor- gested cities in the world1. Besides I border commuters and huge ing regions in Belgium, France and increased frustration among the traffic problems. Every big com- Germany. This equates to around cross-border commuters and dete- pany in the area tries to tackle this 181,000 cross-border commuters riorating air quality, this leads to an problem, yet only focus on their own on average per day. Only 7 per cent estimated 1.5-3 per cent GDP loss employees, problems using its own of that daily cross-border commut- annually, which in economic terms resources. Now envision that all ing is done by public transport (i.e. is in the region of US$1.7 billion. these companies decided to work bus and train) and as a result, large In order to solve these mobil- together to solve their joint mobil- congestion is occurring on the main ity changes the government put ity issues at hand. This is what our highways, especially during peak in place the ambitious infrastruc- Positive Drive campaign is about! hours. Commuters spend on aver- ture and mobility strategy called But let’s rewind for a second… age 33.1 hours in congestion per MODU2020. This strategy includes Almost 60 per cent of the country’s year, putting Luxembourg 134th four strategic objectives: 38 thinkingcities.com

Luxembourg.indd 38 18/05/2017 18:15 Mobility, Multiodality and

Luxembourg is 134th on the Inrix Traffic Efficiency 1000 Most Congested Cities index LUXEMBOURG

Positive Drive in action Companies are now recognizing that the Luxembourg government cannot solve the present deteriorating mobility situation on its own. It is clear that in order to avoid a near future mobility deadlock with heavily congested highways they have to also assume some of the responsibility

l Improve the coordination transport on short distance trips l Improve the public transport between territorial development by promoting cycling and walk- infrastructure and services for and the mobility options on offer; ing, including the improvement of the longer trips, of which many l Reduce the share of motorized related infrastructure; are cross-border; 39

Luxembourg.indd 39 18/05/2017 18:15 l Promote alternative usage of LuxMobility led a business the car, such as carpooling and venture that investigated the mobility behaviour of the local 2 car sharing . workforce in Cloche d’Or

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT As a result the public transport infra- structure of Luxembourg City is cur- rently being reorganized. The main change consists of the introduction of a tram, which in the first phase connects the central station with the Kirchberg, the busiest business dis- trict. In a second phase the central station will be connected with the Cloche d’Or area, a growing business district in the south of the capital. An important city bicycle network with, currently, 600km of bike paths has already been rolled out and will be further expanded to a total network length of about 900km, which is con- siderable for a country with an area of only 2,586.4 km2. The South of Luxembourg is con- sidered as one of the most active regions in terms of economy and population. Most of Luxembourg’s near 600,000 residents live in this part of the country and the biggest employers have their headquarters in the south. Luxembourg city and Esch-sur-Alzette are the two largest cities in this area and designated as to join forces and work together to behaviour of their employees. The the territories of economic attrac- tackle local mobility problems. tracking and tracing application tiveness and demographic growth. It is therefore that LuxMobility, IMS Positive Drive3, developed within the The demographic outlook predicts (Inspiring More Sustainability) and European Research project TRACE4 that by 2050 Luxembourg will have seven large employers in the Cloche of which LuxMobility is one of the 1 million residents an increase in d’Or area joined forces to uncover partners, was used for this purpose. economic activity, and consequently synergies in the mobility behaviour of further increase in traffic and trans- their 7800 employees in the district HUMAN FACTORS port demand. and to develop together improved Positive Drive can be used for dif- More and more companies rec- mobility concepts for the area. ferent types of campaigns. Positive ognize that the Luxembourg gov- The companies understood that Drive is a smartphone app that ernment cannot solve the present in order to be able to propose a new rewards good mobility behaviour. deteriorating mobility situation on mobility solution they needed to get No matter if you want to reward its own. It is clear that in order to an insight on the actual mobility increased use of cycling walking, avoid a near future mobility dead- behaviour of their employees, tak- respecting of speed limits, avoid- lock with heavily congested high- ing a holistic approach. LuxMobility ance of certain routes, the app ways they have to also assume proposed that they go beyond the together with a dedicated campaign some of the responsibility. It is with traditional stated mobility preference steers the participants into the right this in mind that a group of major questionnaire and use for this pur- direction. The Luxembourgish cam- companies in the Cloche d’Or busi- pose a gamified tracking and tracing paign is used to track actual behav- ness area in Luxembourg decided campaign to uncover the true mobility iour with the aim to better plan 40 thinkingcities.com

Luxembourg.indd 40 18/05/2017 18:15 Mobility, Multiodality and

road works, traffic incidents, road- us to provide incentives to users. Traffic Efficiency works and relevant information Rewards in Positive Drive are based on the urban context of the Cloche on a geographical location, called d’Or area. This will show external gamezone. Within the gamezone influences on our results. We will a campaign can be created. A take compare further the tradition- campaign consists of multiple ally executed traffic studies of the elements and involves local Cloche d’Or area with our data in stakeholders and sponsors. order to understand the added value Using Positive Drive we collect of real-time tracking. We share dense mobility data of a local area the results and explain how these that is heavily impacted by cross- translate in a better mobility plan border commutes and are able to LUXEMBOURG for the area. better plan mobility on the true The Positive Drive app records mobility behaviour of the employees. GPS data that is enriched with a Positive Drive uses game ele- timestamp and unique user-ID. ments like levels, badges and points Algorithms are utilized to “Map- to provide users with feedback on match” and to determine modality their mobility behaviour. However, and give the user feedback about: via the application and together l Calculated distance with local sponsors, we also pro- l Calculated statistical infor- vide concrete incentives, like free mation (CO2 reduction, calories lunches, biking accessories (lights burned, money saved, etc.) etc.) and a main prize, which is an l The rewards earned ((s)miles, electric bicycle. In our Positive Drive money, levels, etc.). This is calcu- campaign, we worked with the big lated per modality, per gamezone local employers as multipliers for and for the overall statistics. the recruitment of participants. This Besides their personal statis- has the advantage that users have tics, users are able to compare a more direct contact and relation themselves to other users. to our campaign. However, for the purpose of collecting more dense This is specific for the modality and and more comprehensive data, we the future transport offers, includ- the gamezone. Users have access aim to organize a Positive Drive ing the construction of the new to their personal statistics and can campaign for the wider public un the tramline and its surrounding mobil- compare themselves to other users near future. ity connectors. who accepted their friend request. During the month of May 2017 all Before we collect data the users NOTES trips of the participating employ- are asked to express their consent. 1 INRIX 2015 2 www.h2020-trace.eu ees will be automatically regis- Rules, conditions of participation 3 www.positivedriveapp.com/en/. tered. No matter if the employee and other relevant information is 4 http://h2020-trace.eu walks, cycles, uses public transport accessible in the application and on or travels by car, with the Positive the support website. Besides that, Drive support we are able to reg- Positive Drive asks for authorization ister all routes, identify the mode to use GPS and for the approval to FYI of transport used and reward the send push notifications. Patrick van Egmond is users for their participation. Positive Drive offers four methods CEO of Luxmobility Next to the tracked and traced of registration: Via email, Facebook, [email protected] routes, the local institutional part- Twitter and Google+. All these ners like the public transport methods are secured using https Martin Kracheel is a authority, national train operator and require an API-Key to reach the consultant at Luxmobility and the ministry of transport, are login screen. [email protected] asked to provide more informa- The application provides a luxmobility.eu tion on the present transport offer, gamification layer, which allows 41

Luxembourg.indd 41 18/05/2017 18:15 The City of Pisa has adopted a new, modern, European-level electric passenger transport system that, connects the international airport to the centre of the city. Marilena Branchina and Raffaele Zortea report

PisaMover will help to alleviate the city’s intolerable road traffic levels Pisa express

he PisaMover is an important and there is an intermediate stop central railway station or to the air- step for the Tuscany of the between the railway station and the port. This was done to help break the T future: a more modern, fast airport, at the parking facility that has on the “siege” of cars to Pisa, which and efficient transport system with space for 1400 cars. on average is something in the region an intense focus on intermodality Its importance to the airport is that of 70,000 cars per day. Advantageous and eco-friendly mobility. It is one it offers an immediate connection to season tickets and discounted rates of the solutions that the City of Pisa and from the central railway station, are available for those who share has put in place to improve the high from which it is possible to reach the their car with other people. demand for mobility, driven in par- main Italian and Tuscan cities. The The work saw the dismantling of ticular by tourism. single ride ticket price is €2.70. the old track 14 that was previously Among PisaMover’s main fea- Thanks to the aforementioned new used by a train that connected the tures is its noiseless, high-frequency car park, an alternative is offered to airport and the railway station with a electric traction shuttle, linking Pisa the commuters who arrive each day passing frequency of about one train Airport (5 million passengers per in to work or to visit the city. Car parks per hour and that had largely inad- year) to the central railway station are on the south and east routes for equate carriages. of Pisa (6 million passengers and 15 those arriving from Livorno through million people in transit every year). the Aurelian main road and for those A VECTOR OF BUSINESS The frequency of passage is every 5-8 arriving from the Fi-Pi-Li freeway AND EMPLOYMENT minutes, depending on timetables (Cascina-Pontedera-Florence). It’s The work was carried out by a con- and seasons, and it’s active from 6am possible to park the car all day from sortium that consisted of Leitner, to 12pm. The travel time is about 5 6am to 12pm for only €2.50, includ- Condotte and Inso. A total of 47 com- minutes. Each carriage has 100 seats ing the PisaMover return ticket to the panies participated in the project,

42 thinkingcities.com Mobility, Multiodality and

Among PisaMover’s main features is its noiseless, Traffic Efficiency high-frequency electric traction shuttle, linking the airport to the city’s central railway station that handles 6 million passengers every year PISA

URBAN SUSTAINABLE is linked to changes in urban mor- MOBILITY phology and changes to the entire A sustainable urban mobil- urban system, to its relationship ity plan requires a significant between the city and its hinterland, a innovative commitment in city “beyond” not defined by admin- local policies, starting with istrative or political boundaries and 40 per cent of whom are based the planning system. The entirely dependent on mobility. in Tuscany and 11 in the Province City of Pisa has trying to develop The People Mover is a prime of Pisa. approaches and measures to become example of new infrastructure that About 286 people worked on site, a smart city, a city that optimizes identifies a resilient urban system, with a daily average attendance of resources, enhances its capacities adapted to new conditions, environ- 60 workers. and uses technologies to minimize its mental, social and economic, but The work cost €71 million, ecological footprint and improve the also a smart urban system based with €21 million of that com- quality of life of its citizens. on efficiency, creativity, security, ing from European funding and The awareness is that the sustain- warmth, accessibility, thanks to the remaining €50 million from able development of a city as a whole technological innovations. private companies who will handle is due to a balance between sustain- the infrastructure for the next 36 ability and environmental quality, years. Costs also included improve- where a fundamental part is repre- FYI ments for the neighbouring residen- sented by the same sustainability Marilena Branchina tial areas. infrastructures, intended in terms is Coordinator at As estimated by Tages, a com- of mobility, productive development, SpA Navicelli di Pisa pany with 30 years of experience in use of natural resources and cultural [email protected] the field of mobility and transporta- and urban regeneration. tion systems planning and design, The ideal is a systemic and com- Raffaele Zortea is Press Office the implementation of PisaMover plex approach that goes through the Editor for the City of Pisa will see CO2 emissions decrease by improvement of the transport sys- [email protected] more than 2 million kilograms. tem, whose major structural factor 43 xxxx caption(s) xxxxxxxx

Budapest’s Balász Mór SUMP seeks to increase competitiveness within the city’s logistics market United by freight On 19 March 2017, at the 5th Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) award ceremony that took place in the heart of Brussels, the host city received the winner’s trophy from Violeta Bulc, European Commissioner for Transport, and Daniel Calleja, Director-General for Environment, for its successful freight strategy. Budapest and Stockholm were also on the podium for much the same reason, as Polis’s Thomas Mourey reports

fter the preparation and very beginning it had been decided Brussels-Capital region will elabo- implementation of the first that freight would be fully integrated rate on a sound strategy called the A (IRIS 1) and second (IRIS in the Good Move plan. This is due “Strategic Plan for Goods Traffic in 2) regional SUMPs in in 1997 and to the successes achieved in freight Brussels-Capital Region”, adopted 2010 respectively, Brussels-Capital transport under IRIS 2 and the con- in July 2013 as a specification of the region began preparation of its third clusions of preparatory studies. second SUMP of Brussels. This doc- SUMP (Good Move) in 2016. From the To build its freight strategy, ument is the result of a collaborative 44 thinkingcities.com

SUMP.indd 44 19/05/2017 12:57 Mobility, Multiodality and

The overall objective of the Brussels regional authority, Traffic Efficiency in terms of freight transport, is to limit the negative environmental impacts of urban freight without compromising the positive economic effects of the sector on the local economy

Among Brussels’ award- example of the Urban Consolidation BRUSSELS, BUDAPEST, STOCKHOLM winning Good Move Centre (UCC) managed by CityDepot plan was a commitment illustrates this. The UCC, located to improve working on the edge of Brussels, has been conditions for delivery personnel created in the framework of the Interreg IVB LaMiLo project, with the involvement of both Brussels- Capital region and CityDepot. Since the end of the trial, the UCC has been managed by CityDepot without any public subsidies. The region still supports the use of the UCC that proved to be beneficial for traffic reduction.

BUDAPEST (FINALIST) Budapest SUMP, the Balázs Mór Plan, sets the mobility priorities for the years to come in the Hungarian capital. The mobility of people is at process for assessing the initial and rail and favour environmen- the core of the plan without mini- freight situation and defining a com- tally friendly vehicles for last-mile mising the importance of urban mon vision for freight. The overall deliveries and 3) improve conditions freight transport. The Balázs Mór objective of the Brussels regional for the delivery personnel. Among Plan was officially adopted in sum- authority, in terms of freight trans- the measures’ highlights are the mer 2014 and has now entered the port, is to limit the negative envi- implementation of a road charging implementation phase. Its main ronmental impacts of urban freight scheme for lorries, based on the goal for urban freight is to improve without compromising the positive ‘polluter pays’ principle; the support the competitiveness of the city and economic effects of the sector on to alternative logistics schemes, its region and also to contribute to the local economy. such as night deliveries and the use establishing a sustainable, live- To achieve this, a total of 36 of urban consolidation centres; or a able, attractive and healthy urban measures have been selected strong support to the use of alter- environment. and incorporated in the SUMP native freight vehicles, the support In harmony with the SUMP, two approach, some of them already to bike couriers and the encour- freight and urban logistics-related implemented under IRIS 2, the oth- agement to shift traffic towards the documents define the operative ers being included in the Good Move canal, especially for bulk and con- rules and strategies for urban plan. All measures are designed to struction materials. freight transport in Budapest (the achieve at least one of the following To implement the measures, Freight Transport Strategy for goals: 1) Reduce and optimise the Brussels-Capital region relies on Budapest and the City Logistics movements of vehicles transport- partnerships with private innovative Concept). ing goods within and to the city; 2) logistics companies and an involve- To achieve this overall objec- shift traffic from road to waterways ment in EU-funded projects. The tive, Budapest’s SUMP sets four 45

SUMP.indd 45 19/05/2017 12:57 is based on the EURO classification Shortlisted cities and restricts over time the access to In addition to the three finalists, the jury of the 5th SUMP Award decided more and more roads for vehicles to highlight the efforts for integrating urban freight in their sustainable that exceed certain EURO levels. urban mobility planning strategies. These shortlisted cities are: Rotterdam Finally, the efficient governance is (Netherlands), Berlin (Germany), Pietra Neamt (Romania) and Naples (Italy). expected to help shifting the freight traffic to chosen urban areas and roads at specific times of the day (off-peak deliveries). The combination of the two types of measures are expected to help the freight sector develops and also to decrease its negative impacts, as identified for the development of the Balázs Mór Plan: l Deteriorating living con- ditions in urban areas l A lot of road accidents l Air pollution, noise pollution, deteriorating environmental quality l Congestion, congested roads l Increasing pollutant emission

Although Budapest is starting the implementation of the measures contained within the Balázs Mór European Transport Commissioner Violeta Bulc presents Pascal Smet, Minister of Plan, some results have already

Mobility and Public Works of the Brussels Capital Region, with the SUMP Award Borras Kevin Photo: been observed by BKK, the organi- sation in charge of the SUMP devel- strategic goals for urban freight (1) IT technologies also allows the col- opment and implementation. more connections, (2) better ser- lection of data (via wi-fi, dynamic The different measures taken to vices, (3) attractive vehicles and (4) traffic information services) and decrease the adverse impacts of efficient governance. The four stra- the management of the freight traf- freight, including the implementa- tegic operational goals are to be fic (via dynamic parking systems, tion of the access restriction scheme reached via the implementation of dynamic traffic control). has produced some effects. Several specific measures. This can, in turn, help tackle private sector delivery companies The development of more con- problems like congestion or pol- started to use cargo-bicycles for nections is expected via the spread- lutant emissions. To encourage the logistics transportation, especially ing of intelligent technologies (ITS) use of cleaner freight vehicles, the for short distances in the Budapest and the creation and promotion Freight Transport Strategy limits inner city. A portion of road traffic of urban consolidation centres. the access to certain roads to the has also been shifted to the water- Under ‘better services’, the use of least clean vehicles. The scheme ways on the river Danube - this being the case for the transport of petrol. The public sector is also concerned In Budapest, both the use of IT as the redistribution of the bicycles of the public bike-sharing scheme is technologies and the implementation of made by… bike.

strict and progressive urban access STOCKHOLM (FINALIST) restriction scheme for freight vehicles The city of Stockholm has designed a strategy for freight that fits in the are at the core of its strategy overall sustainable urban mobility 46 thinkingcities.com

SUMP.indd 46 19/05/2017 12:57 Mobility, Multiodality and

Stockholm has adopted a series of six quality of life of residents. Another Traffic Efficiency thematic sustainable urban mobility plans measure focuses on the increase in the number of (un)loading zones for heavy vehicles. Stockholm also tested loading zone sensors to allow the better use of these (un)loading zones and thus of to enable more reliable delivery times. Additionally, aware of the importance of a sup- porting network of private and pub- lic stakeholders, the local authority cooperates with local businesses, BRUSSELS, BUDAPEST, STOCKHOLM the academic sector, agencies and the public sector and organise col- laborative meetings with them. Several measures of the Freight Plan have produced results. Consolidation is, for instance, Photo: Lennart Johansson Lennart Photo: developing in Stockholm, with the construction and the use of both an Urban Consolidation Centre (UCC) To achieve the objectives of both the UMS and a Construction Consolidation and the Freight Plan, Stockholm relies Centre (CCC) in the area of the Royal Seaport which is under recon- on a series of measures, projects and struction. The UCC is expected to be particularly successful as it will be studies that include the establishment economically viable, without pub- and use of an Urban Consolidation lic subsidies and it also combines retail and waste through an original Centre (UCC) in the city centre to allow reverse logistics scheme. The business model includes con- consolidation of freight activities cepts for property owners, retail- ers, offices, carriers and shippers. The use of clean vehicles is also planning strategy of the Swedish promote the use of clean vehicles, progressing, especially thanks to capital. Good integration of urban and (4) to advance the freight deliv- the use of clean vehicles only for freight is at the core of the trans- ery partnership between the City pilot activities and the modal shift port strategy and other stakeholders. from road traffic to waterways. As To complement the “Urban To achieve the objectives of both Stockholm is built on islands, the Mobility Strategy” (UMS) that was the UMS and the Freight Plan, city encourages the transportation adopted in 2012, the city has adopted Stockholm relies on a series of of construction materials, fuels, a series of six thematic plans measures, projects and studies that construction masses and waste on that together form the Stockholm include the establishment and use its waterways. Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan. of an Urban Consolidation Centre Among the six thematic plans is the (UCC) in the city centre to allow Stockholm Freight Plan (FP), pub- consolidation of freight activities by lished in 2014, that sets the priori- operators, estate property owners FYI ties for urban freight over the period and carriers. Thomas Mourey is a Project 2014-2017. Another measure integrated in the Officer at Polis. He is managing The main objectives are (1) to ena- Freight Plan is the conduction of an the SUMP Award secretariat ble more reliable delivery times, (2) off-peak delivery project to increase in the framework of the to facilitate a more effective use of the transport efficiency and time EUROPEANMOBILITYWEEK. commercial freight vehicles, (3) to reliability without compromising the 47

SUMP.indd 47 19/05/2017 12:57 Thank you for your cooperation: Connected vehicles in urban areas

Mark Cartwright presents the key points of the CIMEC project Roadmap for Cooperative-Intelligent How much of your thinking will your brand Transport Systems new hot-off-the-production-line do for you?

t’s 2019, and you’ve just collected whom the concept of “connected which included a number of connected your new car. The online brochure vehicles” – when your car exchanges vehicle projects. Remember, this was I has promised you lots of exciting data directly with the road it is run- long before most of us had heard of new services to make your life as a ning on – has been developing rapidly the internet, and when mobile phones driver easier, safer, and even cheaper. in recent years. And it is a develop- were still analogue bricks. So, as you approach a set of traf- ment that has gained a lot of interest But there has been very little fic lights, it will help you choose your from politicians across Europe, who research on how vehicle connectiv- speed of approach in order to ensure see this as a way of using technology ity will impact on cities. This is all the you get there on a green. By avoiding to improve the sustainability of their more surprising when you think that braking and accelerating, you save transport networks. many of the services that connectivity wear and tear, and reduce your fuel In the highway context, indeed, makes possible will only (or primarily) consumption. You are also less likely there has been a lot of collabo- be of interest in city traffic – including to have an accident with vehicles (or rative effort. For instance, the the example given above on “green pedestrians) crossing your path. European Commission’s (EC) Second light optimum speed advice” (GLOSA That at least is the promise of an Framework Programme (1987-1991) for short). increasing range of carmakers, for had a subprogramme called DRIVE 1, That has now changed. The 48 thinkingcities.com

CIMEC.indd 48 19/05/2017 13:22 Mobility, Multiodality and

tag-and-beacon, number plate recog- Traffic Efficiency nition, and so on. By contrast, while cities are keen to encourage active modes (such walk- ing and cycling), and would very much like to provide mechanisms to support this, they are far from clear what those mechanisms might be. It is true that some projects (notably VRUITS1) have proposed some potential services linked to pedestrian or cyclist safety, but the evidence on their practicality is CO-OPERATIVE ITS much less well developed. And it has to be said that there are significant challenges in techni- cal and commercial design of C-ITS. Technically, there are important choices on whether to communicate from the centre (over mobile chan- nels) or from the roadside (using local Municipal Communication Networks are the very core of an cooperative intelligent transport system systems), or both (“hybrid systems”). Commercially, it is far from clear which connectivity services actually EC-funded CIMEC project, which it has to co-exist with leisure, retail, require a city to be actively involved. launched in June 2015 and is now education, community activity, and a Indeed, even for the services that have approaching its end, has looked spe- thousand other things. City networks real value, there are many potential cifically at cities, and more specifically are not highways. business options ranging from “leave at what “cooperative intelligent trans- Indeed, during the CIMEC project, it to the market” to “needs to be port systems”, or C-ITS, might mean the EC realised just how big a gap this imposed by regulation”. for city authorities. was and created a new Urban Working To gain an understanding of what There are certainly opportunities. Group in its high-level C-ITS Platform. is realistic and what is still “vapour- In an extensive round of engagement, Both the CIMEC research and the ware”, CIMEC conducted an industry CIMEC identified 18 city-relevant “use C-ITS Platform experts focused atten- survey, asking European suppliers cases”, relevant to one or more of city tion on a small number of these use – large and small – how ready they policy goals: traffic efficiency, traffic cases as policy priorities for cities, are to offer connectivity products safety, the environment, or acces- with “traffic signal priority for pub- and services to cities. The results sibility. Use cases include providing lic transport” receiving overall the were salutary. Most suppliers see priority for public transport at traf- strongest backing. the potential in cooperative systems, fic signals; helping freight vehicles This interest is telling, for a number either to improve existing services, or manage their speed, fuel usage and of reasons. The aims are clearly in to enable new services. However, few emissions; supporting alternative and line with city policies for modal shift. are investing heavily in their develop- shared transport modes; and systems Experience of working with public ment, and the overall impression is of than could help forestall accidents transport operators is well estab- a market at an early stage of innova- with pedestrians and cyclists. lished. Bus/tram priority schemes are tion and maturity. familiar traffic management services, Because of this, the benefits are NETWORKING OPPORTUNITY so there is a lot of evidence (practical currently hard to quantify reliably, and The focus on vehicles other than pri- and anecdotal) that cities can build the costs and risks are not well under- vate cars should come as no surprise. on. There are many mature systems stood. There are also new challenges. While highways are essentially about provided by suppliers, so the role of The connected model requires road maximising flow and minimising cities, the nature of projects, and the users to be suitably equipped with delays, the urban transport context is likely costs are clear. The different matching technologies. Moreover, vastly more complex. City transport technology designs are well tried and many connected services require happens where people live and work: can be compared: cameras, barcodes, information from the vehicle, which 49

CIMEC.indd 49 19/05/2017 13:22 legal ramifications for what a city must Key facts do (for example to protect the safety CIMEC is a city-focused project which explores the role cooperative ITS of its citizens), for what a city can do systems (C-ITS) can play to support city authorities, both in managing their (for example in managing freight transport networks and the delivery of other transport-linked services. routes), and for what a city cannot do (for example because of data protec- It reaches out to key stakeholder groups (both public and private) to ensure tion requirements). Like C-ITS, they a smooth and cost-effective deployment of C-ITS in cities around Europe. will require innovations in data man- The project commenced in June 2015 and will run until May 2017, agement and publication, service con- and is funded by the European Commission in the framework tracting, and partnership agreements. of the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. These are not trivial difficulties, and For more information, visit: www.cimec-project.eu the pathway to harmonised Europe- wide C-ITS services is still very murky. However, we are now at least begin- to enable much more ning to see the shape of the prob- responsive traffic man- lem from a city perspective. As these agement, and the more become better understood, they are, vehicles that provide it, in an increasing number of innova- the better informed the tive city projects, being addressed in city will be. sound practical strategies: careful planning, phased implementation, A CO-OPERATIVE realistic expectations and budgeting, EFFORT and good project management. To complicate the pic- Finally, though, it is important to ture yet further, there note that cities and industry can- Cooperative ITS systems can support city authorities, such as Kassel, Germany, in are several other not build the future by themselves. managing their transport systems and networks developments under- The complexities of C-ITS are just way which involve both too diverse, the policy interactions puts a significant burden on data transport and technology, and which too deep, and the skillsets too unde- protection. are widely seen as being much more veloped to make this an efficient CIMEC suggests that initial deploy- significant and fundamental. These approach. So national and European ments are likely to focus on profes- include the rise of personal technol- policymakers need to do their bit: sional drivers in managed fleets. The ogy such as smartphones; the emer- clarifying the legal environment, col- example of public transport signal gence of increasingly automated lating a robust evidence base, guid- priority is one such service; another vehicles; the “Smart Cities” agenda, ing the private sector, establishing a might be a variant of GLOSA specifi- and the Internet of Things; and new suitable funding regime for cities, and cally focussed on urban freight (where transport modes, like ride-sharing facilitating technical support to cities emissions are especially concern- and electromobility. as they begin their programmes. ing for cities and fuel usage is com- Like C-ITS, these are likely to affect We know that the future will be dif- mercially interesting to operators). traffic and transport operations; ferent from today. We just don’t yet One exception to this is the potential indeed, some of them might be deliv- know how, or how we will get there. to capture information from vehicles: ered using one or more C-ITS ser- floating vehicle data has the potential vices. Like C-ITS, they have potential FYI Mark Cartwright is Director NOTES at Centaur Consulting 1 Improving the safety and mobility of vulnerable road users through ITS applications, www.vruits.eu/ mark.cartwright@ centaurconsulting.co.uk • The CIMEC “Roadmap for European cities” is available on the CIMEC website at http:// cimec-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/CIMEC-D3.3-Final-Roadmap-v1.0.pdf. He is also Director of Please note that this has not yet formally been accepted by the European Commission UTMC (www.utmc.eu) and Managing Director of • The CIMEC Use Cases for urban connectivity are on Page 13 at http:// www.polisnetwork.eu/publicdocuments/download/1986/document/cart- RTIG (www.rtig.org.uk) wright-mark---from-stand-alone-its-to-connected-its.pdf 50 thinkingcities.com

CIMEC.indd 50 19/05/2017 13:22 This section focuses on mobility for urban economic development and social Challenges of Transport

policy. This includes accessibility of transport for the mobility impaired and Social and Economic accessibility to basic services for everyone; the financing of public transport Social and and transport projects generally; and regulation, planning and governance Economic o Bamberg, Karlsruhe, Potsdam and Stuttgart - How a huge blue ball is making people think in several German cities Challenges of o Urban Mobility - For a paradigm shift in thinking a number of key economic drivers need to be in place Transport o Urban Logistics - An Internet of Things-enabled postbox could be about to revolutionise the parcel delivery sector

Dividers.indd 55 18/05/2017 21:22 Photo: Stadt Heilbronn Stadt Photo: Creative communication tools for successful It rings a bell municipal campaigning, by Robert Sedlak and Gemma Tunmore

t’s the weekend. A group of peo- year if you decide to cycle to work tippingpoints’ CEO, Michael Adler. ple are strolling through the city instead of driving, based on a daily “But that message hasn’t caught Icentre. Suddenly, they are dis- distance of three kilometres. on with everyone yet. That’s why we tracted by a blue arrow with the The German expression “Klingelt’s?” need new means of communication.” message “Klingelt’s?“ (“Ring any is a play on words: on the one hand it Central to this are good stories. bells?“). Wondering what this strange is the sound of a bicycle bell and on We humans love to pass on good sto- inscription might mean, they decide the other it is a question you pose to ries and especially ones that we can to investigate. Soon, they find them- see if someone has understood the relate to and fit into familiar frames. selves facing a gigantic blue ball. obvious. The campaign of the same “Klingelt’s?“ uses the frame of our The “Klingelt’s” ball is the talk of name was created by tippingpoints, mobility behaviour. Thanks to the the town for a whole week until the the PR agency for sustainable com- big blue ball, we can easily visualise Mayor finally reveals the explana- munication, on behalf of the “Working the amount of greenhouse gas we tion: the huge ball contains 113 cubic Group of Bike-friendly Municipalities produce in a playful way without any metres of carbon dioxide. That equals in Baden-Württemberg” (AGFK-BW). finger-wagging or moral lectures. the amount you could save in just one “Climate change affects us all”, says So, establishing familiar frames 52 thinkingcities.com

Tipping point.indd 52 18/05/2017 16:19 Impacts of Transport Global warming is an established phrase. The problem Social and Economic is, we generally associate positive feelings with warmth. It equals summer, comfort and happiness - so why change our behaviour?

is crucial to make our messages our public campaign activities. That for each circle. Here is a selection meaningful for our target audi- was a big mistake.” The campaign of some recent activities which all ence. Another powerful tool we can was suddenly confronted with seri- played a part in forming overarching use is active “framing” to forge new ous obstruction, traceable back to the sustainable strategies. In Stuttgart, cognitive connections. The linguist city’s highest decision-makers. the company organised a workshop BAMBERG, KARLSRUHE, POTSDAM, STUTTGART Elisabeth Wehling clarifies the term Ilse had to halt the campaign and for local administrators on how to in her bestseller Political Framing refer the discussion back to the improve traffic diversions for cyclists (edition medienpraxis, 2016) using central circle. After a lot of explain- and pedestrians. The citizens of the example of climate change. ing and soliciting for support, unity Potsdam enjoyed the conversion of “Global warming” is an established was achieved and the next circles their city centre into a “green oasis” phrase. The problem is, we gener- were approached in a positive and for a day complete with turf and sun- ally associate positive feelings with constructive working atmosphere. beds – highlighting the pleasures of “warmth”. It equals summer, comfort These circles comprised lower levels car-free cities. As was the case with and happiness - so why change our of the administration, associations, the “big blue ball”, all the measures behaviour? Things might be differ- civil society, universities, schools, the for the general public were preceded ent if we introduced the expression media – and finally the general public. by intense awareness-raising in the “global heating”. “Heating” is often Right from the start tippingpoints’ central communication circles. associated with feeling uncomfort- designs bespoke campaigns, but at able, which in turn signals a need for the same time also overlapping tools STORIES, STORIES, STORIES… action. Applying this to the communi- cation of sustainable mobility means we should carefully consider using terms like “slow traffic” or “shared The citizens of Potsdam enjoyed space” as they create certain images the conversion of their city centre into in people’s minds. a green oasis for a day, complete CONCENTRIC CIRCLES OF COMMUNICATION with turf and sunbeds, highlighting “We take a holistic approach in our the pleasures of car-free cities municipal campaigns”, says Michael Adler, indicating a model comprising several concentric circles. The cen- tral circle includes the most impor- tant municipal stakeholders, such as local transport councillors, heads of public transport corporations and ideally even the mayor. All of them need to fully support and defend all activities in public as well as within their administration. “This is an indispensable step”, Potsdam Landeshauptstadt Photo: says Rebecca Ilse, consultant at tip- pingpoints, recalling an unfortunate experience with a municipality. “We were certain that we had all the key players on board when we started 53

Tipping point.indd 53 18/05/2017 16:19 Switch your head on… journeys. Several German cities have and your car off been confronted with tongue-in- cheek claims such as “Burn calories instead of petrol”, “Better if your own weight melts rather than the icebergs – cycle more!” or “Six-pack instead of six-cylinders”. Of equal importance when it comes to encouraging long-term behav- ioural changes is to say ‘thank you’ to all those who tried sustainable options. “Kopf an: Motor aus” used billboards stating simply: “Thank you for being climate-friendly”. Sustainability campaigns can also make use of another hotly debated leverage tool to initiate behavioural change: “Nudging”. Here, the target group receives small incentives to encourage them to act in a new way without them consciously realising it.

Photo: fairkehr fairkehr Photo: Considered manipulation by certain As soon as a campaign becomes a of both public impact and the feasibil- critics, its supporters speak of “nec- talking point, the battle is already ity for municipal administrations.” essary measures without harmful half-won. Just recently, tipping- “This mixture of guerrilla market- side effects”. In the field of sustain- points achieved great coverage with ing and street art grabs people’s able mobility, simple nudges can for a PR stunt that highlighted the issue attention and can trigger sustainable example consist of smartphone-apps of parking offenders blocking bike behavioural change”, says communi- that automatically indicate public lanes. The project, on behalf of the cation expert Adler. transport options. AGFK-BW, was called #woparkst- Another example of stories worth dudenn (#whereareyouparking). sharing are the many claims used DOES ALL THIS REALLY HELP? We parked a car on a bike lane by the campaign “Kopf an: Motor Campaigns for behavioural change which a group of people then entirely aus“ (“Switch your head on and your face constant pressure to justify their covered with Post-its imprinted with car off”) which was initiated by the necessity – especially when public the slogan “#whereareyoupark- German Federal Ministry for the money is involved. Authorities, as ing?” The whole stunt was filmed and Environment. For about 10 years, well as the tax-payers, want to make subsequently won the German Bike tippingpoint consultants, together sure that their money yields tangi- Award 2017. Anna Hussinger, CEO of with partner agencies Fairkehr and ble results. The campaign “Kopf an: the AGFK-BW, is proud of this great Tinkerbelle, have been producing Motor aus“ was evaluated as early as communication success. She espe- material aimed at motivating peo- 2009 after the initial phase was com- cially highlights “the win-win situation ple to avoid using the car for short pleted in four German cities. The surveys showed that half of the respondents who recalled the Campaigns for behavioural change face campaign felt motivated to rethink their mobility behaviour. Close to two constant pressure to justify their thirds felt strengthened in their sus- tainable way of life and 16 per cent necessity – especially when public of all the adults surveyed indicated money is involved. Authorities and tax- that they would shift their mobil- ity behaviour towards walking and payers want to make sure that their cycling. Evaluators projected that this translates to a total greenhouse money yields tangible results gas reduction of about 13,000 tons. 54 thinkingcities.com

Tipping point.indd 54 18/05/2017 16:19 Impacts of Transport Social and Economic

Photo: AGFK-BW AGFK-BW Photo: BAMBERG, KARLSRUHE, POTSDAM, STUTTGART 2017 represents the 200th anniversary of the invention of the bicycle; one such way of celebrating the event is with an interactive treasure hunt Another positive effect: stakeholders responsible for the public funding of Good communication in a nutshell cycling and walking were encouraged Storytelling: transmitting information and messages by creating stories to increase these activities as they that can be passed on and developed further by the target group. felt the public support for their work. Nudging: a method used by behavioural economists. People are The city of Bamberg experienced encouraged by small “nudges” to act in a certain way, but without long-term effects from its success- using orders, bans or consciously perceived incentives. ful 2009 campaign. Their modal split has changed dramatically. “Thanks Framing: certain events, behaviours or topics are consciously linked to the campaign, in 2015 30 per together into a context, thus creating new (desired) connections cent of journeys were covered by and effects as well as activating new reaction patterns. bike compared to just 22 per cent in 2010”, says Dagmar Spangenberg, from the city’s planning department. infrastructure development. “If car interactive treasure hunts for bicy- Karlsruhe also praised the evaluation drivers are to be motivated to switch cles hidden in about 40 municipali- results regarding the effectiveness of to cycling or walking, there has to ties. The campaign involves the local the measures put in place for cyclists. be good infrastructure in place”, media, social media work and videos. Johannes Schell, from the town’s explains Konrad Götz, a scientist at And, of course, we consider all the planning department, states: the Institute for Social-Ecological circles within the campaign model “Promoting cycling requires more Research (ISOE). “If the structures in of concentric circles. In the end, it than just building bike lanes. The place meet this requirement, com- all comes down to a core philosophy: communication must strike a chord munication can build upon this with- tell a story, build a frame, use nudges too. Our campaigns played a key role out appearing implausible.” and make cities a better place. in increasing the amount of cyclists from 16 to 25 per cent in just a few THE SEARCH CONTINUES… years.” Indeed, their modal split in This year sees the 200th anniversary FYI 2016 showed record numbers. of the invention of the bicycle, a per- Robert Sedlak is a senior Another key factor for measur- fect opportunity for governments to consultant at tippingpoints’ able success in the popularity of push sustainable mobility further. Bonn office. He mainly focuses sustainable mobility lies in the inter- tippingpoints has developed a new on stakeholder management action between communication and campaign for the AGFK-BW involving and climate action issues. Gemma Tunmore is a consultant at tippingpoints’ LINKS • Campaign “Kopf an: Motor aus”, http://www.kopf-an.de/ Berlin office. She works • Campaign “Klingelt’s? Die blaue Kugel” http://www.klingelts-bw.de/ on editorial projects • Elisabeth Wehling (Political Framing): http://www.elisabethwehling.com/ and city campaigns. • tippingpoints – agentur für nachhaltige kommunikation: www.tippingpoints.de • Do not smile (DNS) – network of sustainability agencies http://www.donotsmile.com 55

Tipping point.indd 55 18/05/2017 16:19 Privileged parking for car sharing is in the interest of a city. A mayor should look at it as an investment to make more space available for liveable streets

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Welcome to Utopia: you have arrived at your destination 56 thinkingcities.com

BMW.indd 56 22/05/2017 11:45 Impacts of Transport Social and Economic obility is essential for our quality of life. It enables us Privileged parking for car sharing is M to organise our individual lives. It gives us more flexibility in in the interest of a city. A mayor choosing our jobs, more freedom to organise our social lives or we should look at it as an can see our distant family members more easily. Moreover, our wealth is investment to make more based on division of labour and inter- space available for regional business relations that are dependent on mobility. liveable streets However, for many years cities have URBAN MOBILITY been struggling with the negative impacts of road traffic: cars parked almost everywhere, we can often find half an hour of our valuable time eaten up by searching for a parking space and we spend more and more time in congestion. Lastly, and most importantly, almost every large city regularly fails to meet the air qual- ity requirements of the EU. As the conflict becomes more intense, cities mostly react with restrictions such as number plate lotteries or car-bans. At the same time, cities and their residents are aiming for a better qual- ity of life: liveable public space, better traffic flow, better mobility and better air quality. What has been an intensi- fying conflict over recent decades can now be turned into harmony. The key words are customer orientation and innovation. Three developments are supporting this paradigm shift. First, customer preferences have already been changing and this will continue. Car-utilisation rather than car-owner- ship is becoming more and more pop- ular. Second, the automotive industry is investing in all forms of sharing ser- vices (car sharing, ride sharing, ride pooling). Even the financial markets are investing massively in fast-growing start-ups. Last but by no means least, three technological developments support the previous two develop- Improved urban mobility means improved ments: electrification of drivetrains, quality of life, says Dr Carl Friedrich digitalisation, and autonomous driving. Eckhardt, but it is necessary to pave the Against this background, from today’s point of view, it appears bold way for those who would rather use but it is realistic to state that we are a car instead of owning one presented with an historic chance to 57

BMW.indd 57 22/05/2017 11:45 increase quality of life and urban mobil- Almost every large city regularly fails to meet the air quality requirements of the EU ity at the same time. Moreover, this can be achieved within the next 15 years. We don’t need to wait. Everything we need is already in place. We need to implement and scale the solutions.

SPACE-MAKING FOR LIVEABLE STREETS: A WIN-WIN SOLUTION BY A RESIDENT-CENTRIC STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH We are in a very promising situation in that we have all manner of tech- nological solutions available. The challenge is a political and an eco- nomic one. The political challenge is to convince politicians, civil servants, Almost every large city regularly fails to residents, NGOs and the media that meet the air quality requirements of the this paradigm shift can be achieved without renouncement and thus EU. As the conflict becomes more intense, without fear of political pressure. We need to pave the way for those cities are forced to invent regulations such residents having a car but who would as number plate lotteries or car-bans prefer multi-modality without car- ownership: they don’t need a car every day and they don’t want to own roughly 10 private cars (usually sub- to understand mobility preferences, one. They only have a car because stituting older, less efficient cars with attitudes, and actual behaviour in that they need one every now and then. new or electric ones) and in total the particular neighbourhood. Based on If the availability of car sharing was number of vehicle kilometers driven the objective and emotional depend- sufficiently reliable, they would have declines. Therefore, privileged park- ency of car-owners the tool indicates a new option and might abolish their ing for car sharing is in the interest of the potential number who would private car. This would also create a city. A mayor should look at it as an be willing to opt for multi-modality benefits for all remaining car owners investment to make more space avail- without car-ownership. In order to and the neighbourhood as a whole. able for liveable streets. transform that potential into real-life First empirical indications from Berlin If it is easy to implement dedicated changes workshops are required to and Hamburg support this view. This parking for car sharing and bike shar- understand the preconditions under target group counts for roughly a third ing, a city should go for it. But if it is which these car-owners are willing of car-owners in urban residential politically difficult, here is a way to to sell their cars. These early adop- areas. An additional 20 per cent could create a win-win situation. The start- ters will create a request for dedi- also be motivated because they don’t ing point should be a participation cated parking for car sharing and for need a car in their daily lives but they process inviting residents to shape improved cycling infrastructure. The are emotionally attached to cars. their neighbourhood according to latter includes bike racks, bike lanes, The economic challenge is to pro- their preferences. This could be sup- or bike sharing stations. vide critical mass and to overcome ported by architecture or urban The win-win situation can be imple- path-dependencies. A small fleet design students who could visualise mented in a step-by-step approach. does not provide sufficient availability various scenarios of how the neigh- All partners contribute: the city sets for residents to use a car when they bourhood could look. As these con- positive framework conditions and, need one. This holds particularly true cepts are only suggestions, residents partly together with private part- for residential areas with high parking should be empowered to revise them. ners, takes care of the infrastructure. pressure. Here, at first sight, it seems In parallel, it is wise to use an objec- Mobility providers improve the avail- that car sharing would make things tive tool such as the Urban Travel ability of their services and residents worse. But the contrary is true. Each Monitor (developed by BMW with the get rid of their cars, first by tempo- and every shared car can substitute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) rarily parking them outside of the 58 thinkingcities.com

BMW.indd 58 22/05/2017 11:45 Impacts of Transport Social and Economic would be available for emission-free drivetrains. This will have an impact. However, provided a city could scale electric mobility, it would be politically difficult to justify this, the more the city suffers from parking pressure. Here again the step-by-step approach described above will also help. Firstly because the space being made availa- ble could be used not only for liveable streets and multi-modal offers, but also for electric vehicles. Secondly, URBAN MOBILITY electric car sharing fleets will provide base-load demand for public charging and privileged parking. neighbourhood and then by voluntar- parking etc. As the examples in Oslo, ily disposing of them. In order to gain Amsterdam and Copenhagen show, it CONCLUSION experience and to learn, the neigh- is possible to make a difference if the The paradigm shift towards a bet- bourhood project could organise test framework conditions are optimised. ter quality of life and improved urban events in selected locations of the This requires a solution to the problem mobility is possible. One key is to neighbourhood. It could start with a of critical mass and path-dependency establish a participation process in weekend. The participation process (also referred to as the chicken-and- order to explore residents’ and voters’ should evaluate the success and feed egg problem). needs and then pave the way for those

back the lessons learned into a con- In order to lower NO2 emissions, who would rather use a car instead of tinuous improvement process. The the scaling of electric mobility is own one. This provides the basis to cre- next step could be a test week or two necessary; therefore public charg- ate critical mass from the very begin- in order to gain experience in daily life. ing is essential. According to a rule ning. Piecemeal policies are unlikely to Finally, as a concrete result of the par- of thumb, roughly 75 per cent of all succeed. To successfully manage the ticipation process, the infrastructures urban car-owners cannot charge their paradigm shift it is wise to establish a are implemented permanently and electric vehicle at home1. Either they multi-stakeholder-process. residents dispose of their cars. are on-street parkers or an installa- The beauty of the concept is that tion of a wall-box is not possible due to NOTE such neighbourhood projects can expensive installation costs or a veto 1 The EU Parliament and Council have the unique opportunity to improve the home make space available for liveable by the landlord or other proprietors. charging situation for millions of citizens streets and improved mobility at the Therefore, a few public charging sta- by agreeing to the Commission’s proposed same time. After a series of itera- tions are not sufficient for EV-owners revisions regarding charging infrastructure in Article 8 of the Energy Performance in tions it may be that a significant num- to charge their cars. Buildings Directive bers of cars can be substituted. This Scaling electric mobility requires a is quite something. It is important to critical mass of public charging sta- understand that this process allows tions (several hundred or thousands) FYI residents with preference for car- and additional incentives to use elec- Dr Carl Friedrich Eckhardt is ownership to continue with their tric vehicles. At the local level park- Head of Centre of Competence mobility behaviour. There is a strong ing privileges are very effective: cars Urban Mobility, BMW Group invitation to change but it is not a must. are typically parked for 23 hours a Carl-Friedrich. day and are used for only one. Each [email protected] SCALING ELECTRIC MOBILITY: and every trip starts and ends with a Neue Mobilitaet Berlin CHARGING STATIONS AND parking process. Again, to be effec- www.neue-mobilitaet.berlin PRIVILEGED PARKING tive, a critical mass of public parking Even though electric mobility helps spaces needs to be dedicated for elec- firstmover.hamburg cities towards compliance with EU air tric vehicles only. If each year 10 per www.firstmover.hamburg quality regulations, promoting this tech- cent of public parking spaces were Ny Mobilitet nology requires changed framework dedicated for electric vehicles, after www.nymobilitet.dk conditions such as taxation, preferential five years every second parking space 59

BMW.indd 59 22/05/2017 11:45 Cache on delivery

Hans van Nikkelen Kuijper on an Internet of Things- enabled postbox that could revolutionise the city logistics industry

he way we buy goods is chang- of parcels. This increased logis- ing rapidly on a global scale. tic planning and operational infra- TWe are now less likely to go structure introduces higher costs, shopping in stores for our clothes, efficiency challenges and planning electronics, shoes and other goods: constrains. Secondly, the risk that nowadays people are increas- the online buyer is not home when ingly ordering online. Webshops a parcel is delivered is realistic and are growing their business as a forces the carrier to make a second result and global online sales are or even third attempt to deliver. estimated to double in the coming Four Dutch entrepreneurs years. One side effect is that deliv- established the company Sesam eries of online orders are growing at Solutions with the aim to address the same pace, which is a real chal- this issue. They developed a tech- lenge for carriers from a logistic nological solution where deliveries perspective. and returns of online orders would The challenge for those carriers is be made possible without somebody considerable. The last mile delivery being at home when parcels were of those online orders forces car- delivered or collected. As a result, riers to increase their efforts to be in 2016 Parcer was launched, an able to deliver an increasing number Internet-connected smart parcelbox 60 thinkingcities.com

Parcer.indd 60 18/05/2017 16:16 Safety and Security The innovative Parcer solution comes in Large (84-litre) and Extra Large (134-litre) The delivery driver opens the in Transport to enable customers to order sizeable items online and not have the worry about Parcer with the code that he reads where they will be left on the label of the parcel. This encrypted code is safe and can open the Parcer only once

from webshops and/or carriers. customer satisfaction. Also, carri- Parcer also caters for the grow- ers benefit from Parcer: the first ing trend that is seeing customers delivery attempt is always suc- INTERNET OF THINGS ordering far more sizeable pack- cessful and the return process is ages than in the past - two versions drastically simplified. This leads are available, hosting either 84 or to significant cost reductions, less 134-litres of cubic capacity. transport movements in cities, sim- Parcer owners order their online plified planning and helps to reduce goods as they would typically do in carbon emissions considerably. a webshop. During the checkout, Parcer has been tested dur- a one-time code is automatically ing 2016 and launched in the generated by the Parcer platform Netherlands and Belgium in 2017 and printed on the traditional par- on a large scale. As the technol- cel label. This code is automatically ogy can be used in any country in sent to the Parcer that is installed in the world, Parcer aims to launch the customer’s garden or mounted in other countries in Europe during on the wall. The delivery driver 2017 through a partner network. opens the Parcer with the code that Until now the inventors have he reads on the label of the parcel. concentrated on marketing Parcer that allows consumers to receive This encrypted code is safe and can as a high-end parcelbox but in the and send parcels 24/7 without being open the Parcer only once. When coming months, the range will be at home for deliveries or pick-up. the delivery (or pickup) is made, extended with additional types of Parcer is a typical Internet of the customer receives a real-time boxes for generic markets. Things solution and consists of a conformation. parcelbox that is wirelessly con- The same applies for returns. nected via the Internet to a Parcer When a customer wants to return a user-account. Here one can man- parcel to the webshop they put the age parcel affairs, send and receive parcel in the Parcer-box. The car- parcels or track and trace online rier will be notified about the pickup orders. The system is delivered with request and the parcel will be col- an app that allows users to gener- lected from the box with a pick-up ate delivery and pick-up requests conformation to the customer. and receive real-time notifications Another good advantage of of those deliveries and pick-ups. Parcer is the ability to collect fresh food. SAFE, SECURE, SIMPLE As the box is Internet- How it works is simple. Parcer is a connected it measures real-time Plug & Play solution and does not temperature and sends notifica- FYI require any connection to the elec- tions as a warning to the user and/ Hans van Nikkelen Kuijper tricity grid. All webshops and car- or supplier when the temperature is one of the co-founders riers can make deliveries to the threshold is exceeded. of Sesam Solutions Parcer as the technology has been Parcer facilitates online con- [email protected] developed in a way that does not sumers and helps webshops to parcer.com require any technical integration improve their services and increase 61

Parcer.indd 61 18/05/2017 16:16 Untitled-1 1 18/11/2016 16:17 This section addresses road safety and the security of transport systems. It covers road safety policies, addressing all categories of road users Safety and Security and supporting the development of innovative solutions. It also covers Safety and technological innovations contributing to the improvement of road safety in Transport o Motorcycle Safety - The European Association of Motorcycle Security in Manufacturers’ plea for improvements in rider safety Transport o ETSC - Automation benefits vs risks o Bristol, Florida, Copenhagen - The Internet of Urban Things o US Transit - Dr Andreas Kossak weighs up the benefits

Dividers.indd 85 19/05/2017 11:34 There are about 33 million motorcycles and mopeds in the European Union Riding in plain sight Dr. Veneta Vassileva from the European Association of Motorcycle Manufacturers (ACEM) on the vital importance of making motorcycling safer in European cities

otorcycles, mopeds, scoot- alternative to cars, have reduced At the same time, similar to pedes- ers and quadricycles/quad- running costs, save commuters trians, the elderly and cyclists, motor- Mbikes are a very popular valuable time and help Europe’s cyclists remain vulnerable road users. form of transport in many European cities to lower congestion levels, This is why the motorcycle industry is cities. There are about 33 million not to mention their fleet and logis- working in several areas to increase motorcycles and mopeds in the EU – tics applications (e.g. police, para- motorcycling safety. This article will of which about 60 per cent are used medics, breakdown services, etc.). briefly examine some of the most for commuting. In recent years, reg- Further to this, motorcycles and important initiatives led by the industry. istrations started increasing again mopeds are very fuel-efficient, and as the European economy started to the most recent electric-, hydro- IMPROVING MOTORCYCLE recover. gen- and hybrid-powered models SAFETY IN EUROPE THROUGH These vehicles have many intrin- emit little or no carbon monoxide TECHNOLOGY sic advantages. As a result of their and dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen In recent years a substantial improve- reduced size, they are a very efficient oxides or particulate matter. ment in motorcycle safety has been 64 thinkingcities.com

motorbiking.indd 64 19/05/2017 12:59 Safety and Security UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES

OF MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS in Transport There is no doubt that advanced vehi- cle design and technology makes a positive contribution to motorcycle safety. At the same time, in order to continue improving motorcycle safety, it is essential to have a solid ACEM and the German Road understanding of why and how acci- Safety Council (DVR) are dents happen. promoting high-quality post- license training programmes Two types of studies are particu- through a European Training larly relevant in this regard. The first COPENHAGEN, FLORIDA, BRISTOL Quality Label type is what we can call ‘in-depth accident studies’. Whilst general sta- tistics provide only a first approxima- achieved. The latest data avail- partners, innovative passive safety tion to motorcycle accidents, in-depth able from the IRTAD2 shows that systems such as airbags or airbag studies provide a much more detailed between 2000 and 2015 the number jackets. analysis of accident mechanisms. of fatal accidents involving powered Intelligent transport systems (ITS) This is precisely why the motorcycle two-wheeler users decreased from applications solutions have also industry is currently supporting the 7,612 to 4,338 – a reduction of 44 per started to make their way into the ‘SaferWheels’ project, an in-depth cent. All this took place parallel to motorcycle sector. Cooperative ITS study led by Loughborough University the substantial growth of powered (C-ITS) applications that make pos- in the UK on powered two-wheeler two-wheelers across Europe, which sible vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle- and bicycle accidents. grew from around 28.3 million vehi- to-infrastructure communication The second type of accident studies cles in 2000 to 36.1 million in 2014, have a high potential to minimise is what is usually known as ‘naturalis- an increase of 27.6 per cent. the risk of accidents. tic riding studies’. This type of project This encouraging trend is the They will be of particular impor- entails analysing the real behaviour result of a combination of several tance for cities, since many acci- of road users during ordinary every factors, but principally of con- dents in urban areas are the result day trips with their own vehicle. To tinuous improvement in safety of car drivers failing to see motorcy- collect the necessary data the vehi- features, such as advanced motor- clists. This problem could be partly cle is equipped with unobtrusive sen- cycle design, and new braking-, addressed by enabling non-motor- sors and cameras that record vehicle Riding in plain sight lighting- and suspension systems. cyclists to receive a ‘motorcycle movements (eg speed, acceleration, Motorcycle manufacturers have approaching indication’ or, in case braking, etc.) driver behaviour (eg also developed, either on their own of an emergency, a ‘collision warn- eye, head and hand movements), and or in co-operation with industry ing’ message. external conditions. The findings of both in-depth- and naturalistic studies are vital to Reducing commuting times in cities develop efficient motorcycle safety policies. This area would greatly benefit from further European 1 A study by the French Environmental Agency (ADEME ) concluded that and national support. Also, further ‘pure’ motorcycle travel time was halved when comparing motorcycle work at national level is needed to and car trips in the city of Paris. The survey was performed in “real life” strengthen the collection of motor- conditions with the aim of comparing the two modes of transport on the cycle safety data. Many EU Member same type of use. They were timed on a typical “homework” trip, between States still lack vital information such a suburb (Linas) and the Paris city centre (Musée d’Orsay), at peak time. as exposure data figures – it records While car drivers needed, on average, 88 minutes to cover a 31 km casualty rates per distance travelled journey, motorcyclists made it in 44 minutes, clearly benefiting from their – helmet wearing rates, or detailed lower exposure to congestion. The study also showed that car drivers assessments of national and local needed on average an additional 16 minutes to find a parking place. infrastructure conditions.

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motorbiking.indd 65 19/05/2017 12:59 FURTHER IMPROVING The use of C-ITS systems offers MOTORCYCLE SAFETY considerable potential to improve safety for motorcyclists, particularly in cities IN EUROPEAN CITIES Decisive action inother areas can also help to further increase motor- cycling safety. Motorcycling train- ing is one of the most relevant ones. Motorcyclists must have both the necessary technical skills for the vehicle they use and a responsible attitude on the road. For this reason, ACEM and the German Road Safety Council launched a European train- ing quality label for post-licence training programmes3. It is also critical that national and local authorities do enforce existing traffic rules. Higher compliance with legislation in speed, alcohol, licence and mobile phone use can bring sub- stantial road safety benefits. In this regard, it is important to remember the importance of achieving high lev- els of helmet wearing. According to the OECD, the helmet-wearing rate in the EU is relatively high (95 per cent on average), but there is room for improvement in some countries. motorcycling safety since tampered for motorcyclists and other vulner- In Greece, for example, the helmet- or poorly maintained vehicles can able road users. Relevant aspects wearing rate is 75 per cent for drivers lead to a higher safety risk. here include good motorcycle vis- and 46 per cent for passengers. National and local policy-makers ibility, obstacle free zones and use Furthermore, the establishment of need to ensure that infrastruc- of appropriate road surface mate- mandatory safety checks for motor- ture is well-maintained, receives rials. Also, allowing motorcycles cycles in all EU Member States the necessary investment and cre- in bus and taxi lanes, such as in and the reinforcement of roadside ates a safer environment for all London and Madrid, or using more inspections can help to improve types of road users, particularly advanced stop lanes in cities can

Working across borders to deploy cooperative intelligent transport systems

The motorcycle industry works closely with a wide range of stakeholders, particularly with the car industry, to develop common specifications and standards for ITS devices. This work takes in different projects and platforms such as the C-ITS platform created by the European Commission, or the CAR 2 CAR Communication Consortium. ACEM members also participate in the I_HeERO project that aims at preparing public-safety answering points in Member States for the deployment of eCall systems. Further to this, in 2014, the motorcycle industry adopted a Memorandum of Understanding on ITS, which aimed at coordinating the deployment of safety relevant C-ITS on powered two-wheelers in Europe. By signing this Memorandum, ACEM members agreed to have at least one model equipped with a C-ITS device by 2020. More recently, in 2015, a group of motorcycle companies launched the Connected Motorcycle Consortium. Its key objective is to promote use of C-ITS systems, to coordinate partners’ research efforts in this area, to develop new hardware concepts and to improve existing safety applications for vehicles.

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motorbiking.indd 66 19/05/2017 12:59 Safety and Security

The MAIDS study and the UDRIVE project in Transport

Between 1999 and 2004 ACEM, with the support of the European Commission and other partners, conducted the first extensive in-depth study of motorcycle and moped accidents: MAIDS. A total of 921 accidents were investigated in France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Italy. The study, which used a methodology developed by the OECD for on-scene in-depth motorcycle accident investigations, identified all human, environmental and vehicle factors which contributed to the outcome of the accident. Between 2012 and 2016 ACEM members supported the UDRIVE project, a large-scale European naturalistic study into the traffic behaviour COPENHAGEN, FLORIDA, BRISTOL of motorcyclists, and passenger car- and truck drivers. A total of 240 passenger cars, 150 trucks and 40 motorcycles were continuously monitored with sensors and cameras for a year, yielding a wealth of data about everyday traffic behaviour as well as about near-crashes and crashes.

Also, allowing motorcycles in bus and taxi lanes, such as in London and Madrid, or using more advanced stop lanes in cities can not only bring major

not only bring major safer benefits safer benefits but also optimise but also optimise the use of road infrastructure. the use of road infrastructure Lastly, safety campaigns encour- aging riders to improve their skills and hazard perception, as well as The number of these vehicles 2 The International Road Traffic Accident campaigns encouraging car drivers can be expected to continue grow- Database (IRTAD) is an OECD initiative. It collects international accident, victim and to pay attention to motorcyclists on ing in the coming years, prob- exposure data on a continuous basis. 29 the road, have been instrumental in ably at a faster rate as demand for OECD countries, including 17 EU Member improving road safety. They will cer- mobility increases and the overall States, are covered in the database. 3 Fort further information about this ini- tainly continue to be in the future, European economy recovers. It is, tiative please visit: http://www.acem.eu/ particularly in those cities with therefore, essential for national and publications/item/340-acem-dvr-euro- larger numbers of motorcycles. city authorities to develop inclusive pean-training-quality-label transport policies that take motor- THE FUTURE OF MOTORCYCLING cycling into account and that make IN EUROPEAN CITIES it possible to reap some of the ben- FYI Motorcycling makes an extremely efits that motorcycling brings to Dr Veneta Vassileva is ACEM’s important contribution to our living society: quality of life through better road safety coordinator standards. In cities such as Paris, access to jobs and services, afford- [email protected] London, Rome and many other able mobility and reduced traffic places, hundreds of thousands of congestion levels in cities. citizens use motorcycles, mopeds, Manuel Ordonez de tricycles and quadricycles every day REFERENCE Barraicua is ACEM’s to get their workplaces, to go back 1 Agence de l’Environnement et de la communications officer Maîtrise de l’Energie (ADEME). Deux roues to their homes, and to move around motorisées Euro3: progrès environnemen- [email protected] the city. taux et comparaison à l’automobile. 67

motorbiking.indd 67 19/05/2017 12:59 It’s time to face up to the risks as well as the Risk to exist opportunities of automation, says the European Transport Safety Council’s Antonio Avenoso

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ETSC.indd 68 18/05/2017 17:58 Automated robots building Safety and Security automated vehicles: it’s egular users of computers driver”. Further down the same web

only a matter of time running Microsoft Windows page, the company says its “full self- in Transport Rover the years will be familiar driving capability” will have “what we with something technically inclined believe will be a probability of safety people like to call the ‘Blue Screen at least twice as good as the average of Death’. This is the error message human driver”. that renders your computer unus- Tesla provides no further infor- able until it is restarted or, in more mation on its website to verify these serious cases, the operating system claims. One snippet of publicly avail- is reinstalled. In my experience it able data is a regulatory filing to the usually occurs on the day of a critical California department of motor vehi- meeting or on the eve of an impor- cles for the year 2016. Tesla tested SELF-DRIVING CARS tant project milestone. four vehicles on Californian public We have become used to comput- roads with engineers behind the ers, mobile phones and other gadg- wheel at all times. It lists the num- ets that can be unreliable in daily bers of ‘disengagements’ i.e. times use. These situations are frustrating, when the human driver had to take but generally speaking, nobody dies over control of the vehicle. In 550 as a result. logged miles of driving, there were Technology companies and car- 182 disengagements. makers are now hoping that even Many of these events took place on more sophisticated combinations of roads classified as ‘suburban’. And hardware, software and mechanical indeed, the prospect of autonomous systems will render human drivers or semi-autonomous vehicles driving obsolete, increase road safety and on streets where they will interact reduce congestion. They are racing with pedestrians and cyclists raises to put computers in charge of cars, many of the most pressing concerns vans and lorries. surrounding automated driving. But for now much of the talk about autonomous vehicles is hype, with lit- HOW WILL PEDESTRIANS tle scientific evidence to back up the AND CYCLISTS REACT TO claims. The available data often comes DRIVERLESS CARS? from the industry itself, with little in A recent research paper by SWOV, the way of independent verification. the Dutch Institute for Road Safety Such hype has helped push the Research1, highlights a number of market value of Tesla, a 15-year old issues that have, so far, received company that sold 76,000 vehicles little attention from the research last year, above that of Ford, which community. sold 6.65 million. One fundamental challenge is Tesla’s website says that all new how to ensure that automated vehi- vehicles leaving its factory “have the cles can reliably predict the behav- hardware needed for full self-driving ioural intentions of pedestrians capability at a safety level substan- and cyclists. Today, a whole range tially greater than that of a human of complex factors impact on how Technology companies and carmakers are now hoping that even more sophisticated combinations of hardware, software and mechanical systems will render human drivers obsolete, increase road safety and reduce congestion

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ETSC.indd 69 18/05/2017 17:58 people behave as pedestrians and The risk is of a kind of lawless Wild West cyclists, including formal rules and regulations, informal rules and non- for the early years of automated cars, verbal communication. Even if behav- iour could be accurately predicted in not unlike the early years of motoring current urban environments, it is not itself – before speed limits, traffic lights clear how vulnerable road users will change their behaviour when faced and driving tests started to set the rules with driverless cars. According to SWOV’s research, of the road. This could be a disaster the few studies that did examine the behaviour of pedestrians and truck that was crossing the highway vehicle makes an error and causes a cyclists in their interaction with in front of him. fatal collision, could be devastating automated vehicles generally found Several facts of that case were dis- for the industry. that they were fairly cautious and turbing. Firstly, the car was exceed- The fears of automotive killing not necessarily confident of its ing the speed limit at the time. machines would be felt in a similar ‘skills’. Furthermore, pedestrians Automated systems should not be way to terrorism. To be stopped at and cyclists were found to appreciate able to break laws in place for safety any cost. messages and/or signals from the reasons. Second, the car’s auto- car indicating whether the car has mated system was activated despite A STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH TO detected them and what it intends to the fact that the car was not driving INCREASED AUTOMATION do. However, which exact messages on a suitable road. Tesla’s system What’s needed is a step-by-step need to be brought about, and the was apparently unable to cope with a approach, starting with approvals method of communicating them, are large white truck crossing a highway for systems that have been proven not yet settled and this requires fur- on a sunny day in Florida, which must to work in specific scenarios such as ther study. be a rather common occurrence. As motorways without cross junctions These types of questions, as well with the theoretical ‘occupant first’ or roadworks. as others concerning related areas rule set by Mercedes, Tesla is cur- In Europe, it should be national gov- such as training, infrastructure and rently deciding for itself what rules ernments, together with the European regulatory changes will need to be apply in every conceivable situation. Union that set the rules, oversee test- answered before automated vehi- The risk is of a kind of lawless Wild ing, and independently investigate cles are offered for sale, not as an West for the early years of automated collisions. The current regulatory afterthought. cars, not unlike the early years of environment is not set up for any of motoring itself – before speed limits, these tasks in the vastly more com- WHO WRITES THE RULES? traffic lights and driving tests started plex world of automated cars. It’s time At present, in the absence of regula- to set the rules of the road. This Europe woke up to the risks as well as tory clarity, car manufacturers are could be a disaster. And not least for the opportunities of automation. writing their own rules. In an inter- the nascent industry. view for the US magazine and web- If independent regulation and LINK site Car and Driver, a Mercedes-Benz step-by-step approval of automated 1 http://tiny.cc/vqa7ky executive in charge of automated systems is not in place soon, a num- systems said a Mercedes automated ber of high-profile deaths caused by FYI vehicle’s ‘first priority’ would be to automated vehicles could so horrify Antonio Avenoso is Executive save its occupants. and appal the public, that the vehi- Director of ETSC, a Brussels- Whether one agrees or disagrees cles will be withdrawn from use. based independent non-profit with this ethical choice, it simply Rebuilding trust could be a huge making organisation dedicated shouldn’t be up to carmakers to challenge. to reducing the numbers of decide. Regardless of the overall likeli- transport-related deaths A fatal crash last summer in Florida hood that deaths could eventually and injuries in Europe. is another case in point. A Tesla- go down as computers gradually owner, reportedly driving his vehicle remove human error, and reckless- [email protected] in semi-automated ‘Autopilot’ mode, ness from driving, a small number of www.etsc.eu crashed into the underside of a large so-called ‘false positives’ where the 70 thinkingcities.com

ETSC.indd 70 18/05/2017 17:58 Contents.indd 6 19/05/2017 13:28 For the good of the people

The benefits of transit in the United States, assessed by Dr Andreas Kossak

n July 2015 the Mineta US - not at least in the field of pub- Transit Research Program. Among Transportation Institute (MTI) at lic transit. The respective report is the knowledge transfer complexes Ithe San José State University in classified by the USDOT as a White from the States to Germany have California published the final report Paper. been in those days in particular the of a research project entitled: The History and boundary condi- Paratransit services (including spe- Benefits of Transit in the United tions of public transit in the US are cial services for disabled travellers) States: A Review and Analysis of traditionally reasonably different and the barrier-free layout of pub- Benefit-Cost Studies1. The sponsor- compared to those in European lic transit facilities2. Along with the ing Agency was the US Department countries. However, during the last worldwide mega-trend of urbanisa- of Transportation (USDOT), Office few decades the role and the con- tion, (and as its result) the emptying of the Assistant Secretary for figuration of public transit in the US of the rural areas, and the demo- Research and Technology. The MTI came to closely resemble European graphic changes, the importance was established by the US Congress standards in many respects. In of Paratransit services will further in 1991 as part of the Intermodal some areas even substantial im- increase substantially in Europe in Surface Transportation Equity Act pulses were adapted in Europe the future. (ISTEA) and reauthorized under the from the practise in the US. For During the last few decades Transportation Equity Act for the example, in the 1970s the German numerous metropolises in the 21st Century (TEA-21). From the Federal Ministry of Research US reached in a worldwide lead- very beginning it competed suc- and Technology closely cooper- ing standard in the light rail sec- cessfully with the leading Trans- ated with the US DOT Mass Transit tor. A very interesting element portation Research Institutes in the Administration in the frame of its of this is the co-financing of the 72 thinkingcities.com

Kossak.indd 72 19/05/2017 14:53 Safety and Security infrastructure and/or the operation research literature and the benefits

by beneficiaries. The latter is based and costs of transit systems in the in Transport on a project-specific valuation of United States. The primary goals of the benefits and the beneficiaries this research were the identification: of certain public transit services 1. Of benefit-cost (b-c) ratio esti- beyond the direct use. mates for US transit systems. In Germany, for example, it 2. Of the main categories of mon- is mandatory for public transit- etized benefits that derive from investments beyond €20-25 million transit services in the US (State) and €50 million (Federal) respectively to be assessed by use The assembled data will help plan- of methodically highly questionable ners, advocates and policy-makers by: USA standardised procedures based on 1. Providing a resource of col- the benefit-cost methodology; the lected benefit-cost ratios and assessment is oriented on one hand other quantifiable, mone-tized at the general worthiness of realiz- benefits of transit, ing a project (benefit-cost-indicator 2. Identifying the key monetized at least 1.0) and on the other hand at benefits of transit that may be of priori-tising it in the frame of pub- interest to planners, advocates, lic sponsoring programs according and policy-makers, and to the same criteria – more or less 3. Providing a collection of mon- without taking into account if the etized transit benefits that might projects are basically comparable. be useful to researchers seeking The MTI White Paper gives a good ways to advance the methods for impression of the approach in the quantifying benefits and costs. US in this regard. A review and analysis of the available EXECUTIVE SUMMARY b-c ratio estimates for transit sys- The white paper documents the tems in the US found wide variation Do the citizens of New York City use their public transit system in the same way… findings from a review of available among sources. Some of these differ- ences are attributable to the popula- …as the citizens of Berlin? tion sizes and densities of the service areas - with rural and small urban areas generally yielding lower b-c val- ues than urbanized areas. However, substantial differences remained even after the context was accounted for, suggesting that ana- lysts are using different methods of analysis and that appropriate tran- sit investments in rural and small urban areas can yield benefits sub- stantially greater than costs. The benefits of transit were measurable and strong in a variety of operating environments, not just in large cit- ies. Key findings from this review and analysis were:

l Substantial transit benefits in rural and small urban areas: While two studies for rural area transit services found ratios either 73

Kossak.indd 73 19/05/2017 14:53 below or slightly above 1 for every paper measured the health care the US, coupled with the predomi- dollar spent, other studies found cost benefits of transit. However, nance of auto-oriented land use values ranging from a respect- some authors found that giv- planning and development. able 1.67 to a high of 4.22. Further ing people low-cost and reliable investigations revealed that these transit access to medical services l Greenhouse gas emissions, air substantial differences among decreases the tendency of low- quality, and other important but studies were due to measurement income people living in rural and undervalued transit benefits cat- of the economic benefits to riders small urban areas to forgo treat- egories should be considered: and transit-dependent popula- ments, thereby improving public This paper concludes that several tions. These findings suggest that health and reducing the costs of benefit categories should be con- appropriate transit investments in health care to society. sidered for research and possible rural and small urban areas can incorporation into future b-c esti- yield benefits substantially higher l Transit saves people money: mation practices. The benefits of than costs. Small urban b-c ratios While the financial benefits of transit for fighting climate change were even better, ranging from transit in rural areas are gener- through reduced greenhouse gas 1.23 to a remarkable 9.70. ally 10x compared with the total emissions, reducing dependence l Transit pays for itself in con- costs of transit, small urban areas on foreign oil, increasing prop- gestion relief benefits for mid- receive somewhat larger benefits. erty values, encouraging more to large-sized urban areas: In addition, transit services in compact/transit orient-ed devel- According to this report‘s analysis urbanized areas added the most opment patterns, and improving of a certain b-c study of transit money to peoples’ pocketbooks emergency response services systems in mid- to large-sized relative to costs. Overall, this is were all found to have received metropolitan areas, congestion an important benefit category for little attention from b-c studies. relief benefits from transit invest- transit services. This is likely due, at least in part, ments begin to exceed transit to the lack of research investment costs for metro areas of 2.5 mil- l Low b-c ratios aside, transit in developing the rigorous analytic lion people or larger. saves lives: The safety and secu- methods required for reliably and rity benefits of transit were low accurately measuring both the l Jobs and economic stimulus are compared with the total costs of costs of these factors to society among the largest benefit cat- transit in the studies reviewed (climate change being a promi- egories from transit investments: here. However, this paper finds nent example) and the benefits Benefits to jobs (pictured) and the evidence that b-c analysis meth- transit can yield in these areas. economy were found to be one of ods are likely undervaluing All merit further consideration the most important catego- the important role tran- and attention from policy-mak- ries in the b-c studies sit plays in reducing ers, academicians, and analyst reviewed. While these accidents and inju- practitioners. benefits tended to be ries and the costs larger in urbanized to society from THE KEY BENEFITS OF TRANSIT areas compared both. In brief, The following key benefits of tran- with small urban existing analytic sit were the most-often cited and and rural areas, methods strug- measured in the reviewed studies: smaller population gle with properly areas stand to gain valuing human life l Traffic Congestion substantially from and health in mon- l Jobs and the Economy transit services, with etary terms. Some l Health Care Costs between 40-46 per cent of argue that transit‘s ben- l Saving Money total transit benefits attributable efits (safety and otherwise) are l Safety and Security to jobs and the economy. low because most people choose auto travel over transit. However, These benefit-categories are dis- l Transit improves health care this paper presents a brief but cussed in greater detail in the white access and outcomes while reduc- compelling argument that this is paper. An extract of the discussion ing costs: Few of the published largely due to a history of under- is compiled below. b-c studies surveyed for this white investment in transit services in 74 thinkingcities.com

Kossak.indd 74 19/05/2017 14:53 Safety and Security TRAFFIC CONGESTION

As expected, the benefits of tran- in Transport sit in terms of reducing the traffic- congestion were identified as the main focus of cost benefit analyses to date. This has been far from the last the reason why the clear major- ity of the studies in this context were concentrated on the conditions of large cities and metropolitan areas respectively. The white paper docu- ments quantitative details regarding USA the following results: l The average delay per commuter increases parallel to the amount of population in the service area from 32 to 48 hours p.a. (year 2000). In Metropolitan areas with a population of more than 5.5 mil- lion inhabitants a slight decline to Figure 1: Annual Per Capita Cost Savings from Transit in US Cities by Type of Transit Available 46 hours p.a. has been observed; (2003 Dollars); diagram based on 1 (see sources notes) this is supposedly due to the com- parably good public transit sys- in the reviewed studies. As a general conclusion: tem in the respective regions. result the differentiation related to l The various factors are han- l The benefit-cost-relations are the type of the service area in this dled differently in the studies. increasing more or less stead- category is similar to that of traffic For example: in some studies ily with the number of inhabit- congestion. the effects on the health sector ants; related alone to the benefit The lowest benefits have been (next category) in rural areas are in terms of reducing congestion it found in rural areas – with a attached to this aspect. exceeds the factor 1.0 only in ser- US-wide average benefit-cost fac- l The benefits of investments in vice areas with 2.5 million inhabit- tor of around 0.5 or even consider- public transit in this context are ants and more. ably lower. For small urban areas usually closely re-lated to other l The average annual conges- an average of nearly 1.0 is stated; public or private financial activi- tion cost savings per capita from related to German/European condi- ties. Because of that the public transit in US cities are indicated tions the small urban areas include transit should not be seen and to be US$41 in areas with bus- medium size cities (up to 50,000 handled respectively in the sense only transit-systems, US$88 in inhabitants and more). For urban- of a sum of mul-tiple benefits sys-tems with a moderate/small ized areas the factor is stated to addressing and satisfying numer- portion of rail, and US$279 with reach on average almost 2.0, partly ous social requirements. a large portion of rail involved even significantly higher. Regarding in the transit-system (Figures the national level, a benefit-cost Remark: Over the last few decades as of 2003 – see Figure 1 above relation exceeding substantially numerous qualified investigations right). In regions with a dominant 1.0 (only this category) is stated. on the eco-nomic effects of build- share of rail transit the conges- As an example, for the conditions ing and operating light rail systems tion (only) benefit-cost relation in a Federal State being primarily in the US (and worldwide) have been often exceeds the factor 3.0; that stamped by a low density of popula- executed and published. The facts is seven times the factor being tion, the following Figures for South and Figures that have become avail- reached in average in areas with Dakota: average 1.66, urban 1.95, able in this context are worth con- bus-only transit systems. rural 0.38. sidering and used respectively for In the discussion of the results the further improvement and refine- JOBS AND THE ECONOMY of the studies reviewed regard- ment of benefit-cost analyses. The benefits of transit to jobs and the ing this aspect, the authors of the Main reason for the respective economy also feature prominently White Paper come to the following activities/studies has been (and still 75

Kossak.indd 75 19/05/2017 14:53 is) generally to support the argu- ments regarding a co-financing of the rail systems not only by the direct user and the common tax payer, but in particular by the indi- rect user/the beneficiary as well. The specific term for that is Value Capture. A compilation of results of various studies on that topic car- ried out in cities and metropolises worldwide (US, Europe, Australia) can be found in reference3.

HEALTH CARE COSTS Regarding this benefit category is must be emphasized that it has not been taken into consideration ade- quately with transit in rural or small Figure 2: Share of Total Benefits for Each Benefit Category for Rural and Small Urban Areas in urban areas though it plays, in par- the US; diagram based on 1 (see sources notes) ticular in those areas, in most cases a substantial role. In the respective annual transport expenditures per (comparably high). In extreme cases regions the quality of transit can capita in urban areas in the US (as it was found that the contribution even be decisive regarding a reduc- a whole) with different public tran- of this benefit category alone was tion of the health care costs. sit systems have been investigated; compensating for the total costs of A direct context between the according to the study (see Figure 3, public transit. average state of health of the low- above right): income population and the quality l The average per person cost of SAFETY AND SECURITY of the transit service was identified. owning and operating a car (1.9 This category is marked as a smaller According to an actual analysis, cars per household) had been but still important benefit category. It reduced health care costs make up US$4,528 in the year of the inves- did not play a major role in any of the between 40 per cent in small urban tigation (2003). reviewed studies and this is explicitly areas and 42 per cent in rural areas l In areas with bus only pub- addressed in the White Paper as not of the total benefits from transit lic transit service or with only a complying with the factual impor- services (see Figure 2, right). The small share of rail the average tance of the category for the soci-ety authors of the respective study came expenditure had been US$3,332 and for every single person. to the conclusion that the health and US$3,350 respectively; that Therefore it is recommended to pay care benefits are an important fac- means a saving of about US$1,180 much more attention to it in future tor regarding the outweighing of the or 25 per cent per year. benefit-cost studies. In this context relative high costs of providing good l In areas with a large share of results of a 2011 study pub-lished by transit services in those areas; on rail the Figure has been about the largest US Automobile Club (AAA the US level it compensates in rural US$2,800; that means a saving of - Triple A) are of relevance. According areas on average for 51 per cent of US$1,730 or of about 38 per cent. to this study the costs of traffic- the costs, in small urban areas even accidents for the society are three for 86 per cent. Results regarding the contribution times as high as the costs of traffic of the cost-savings to the total ben- congestion. It is mentioned that this SAVING MONEY efit-cost-relation in different types calculation does not even include all This category represents in rural of service-areas are also docu- cost-factors of traffic accidents – irre- and small urban areas around 15 mented. Though the results differed spective of the fact that which costs per cent of the total benefits of pub- from study to study, quite remark- and to what extent they are attach- lic transit. As an example for the ably it shows generally as well a dif- able to traffic accidents is the cause of absolute benefit for a single person ferentiation of the savings between some controversy. results of a study are cited in the rural (comparably low), small urban While admitting that benefit- White Paper, in which the average (mediate) and large urban are-as costs analysts and scientists made 76 thinkingcities.com

Kossak.indd 76 19/05/2017 14:53 Safety and Security regarding standardized procedures.

On the contrary, the in Transport differentiation of project types according to structural condi- tions and the variety of ac-cepted methodical procedures are to be interpreted as a clear vote that standardized methods are not appropriate in this context. That is a much more adequate approach than that being obligatory/practiced for example in Germany. The White USA Paper proves that exemplarily. The findings and recommenda- tions documented in the Paper should be taken as stimulation for improving the methods of b-c analy- ses for assessing public-transit and Figure 3: Annual Per Capita Transport expenditures in US Cities by type of transit available (2003 Dollars); diagram based on 1 (see sources notes) public transit projects respectively in Europe. Standardized procedures substantial progress in this regard cyber crimes) and terrorism is nei- should at least be supplemented by in the past, the authors of the White ther addressed on the benefit-side components, taking into account the Paper are convinced that further nor on the cost-side in the White specific differences of project types improvements are possible and Paper, although it is explicitly part in general and of characteristics needed - in particular in order to of the title of this category. It’s even and boundary conditions in particu- be able to calculate appropriately more astonishing if one takes into lar. Not least it should be consid- the contribution of public transit to account that the Transportation ered to connect the configuration of safety/health of the population. It Research Board (TRB) of the US the studies and the definition of the is argued for example, that accord- National Academies of Sciences results with the ‘beneficiary pays ing to the statistics of the National published a report in 2011 that principle’. Safety Council (NSC) it is 170 times addressed the importance of that safer taking a bus than riding in a exact issue for the transport politics SOURCES car. This argument is underlined and the transport infrastructure4. [1] Mineta Transportation Institute (editor): The Benefits of Transit in the with a comparison of the rate of United States: A Review and Analysis traffic fatalities in differently struc- CONCLUSIONS of Benefit-Cost Studies; Report tured regions: the most “sprawled” The b-c analyses of public transit WP 12-05, San Josè, July 2015 [2] German Federal Department of counties in the US have substan- services and projects in the US are Research and Technology: Dokumentation tially higher traffic fatalities than generally tailored to the specific of the Status-Seminars Transit Research; the least sprawled counties. The dif- characteristics of the subject and Bonn, div. editions 1976 to 1984 [3] Kossak, A.: Value Capture für ferences are significant and stable. concentrate on its socio-economic Nahverkehrsprojekte; Internationales Finally it is expressed the expec- value, its structural relevance and Verkehrs-wesen 2/ 2016 tation, that the safety factor will in benefits for the effected individuals. [4] Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (editor): future be substantially more rec- This means it is targeted not only Security and Critical Infrastructure ognized in favor of public transit in to the legitimacy of massive public Protection; TR News, July – August 2011 the frame of benefit-cost-analyses. funding but also on the acceptability If the public transit were more ade- of involving beneficiaries in certain quately considered in the methods cases. The assessment of the ben- FYI of the analysts in this regard its efits is handled flexibly in accord- Dr Andreas Kossak is benefits would be further acknowl- ance with the characteristics of the founder of Dr Kossak edged in the public perception. each project. Consulting, based in What is particularly remarkable is In the White Paper there is not Hamburg, Germany the fact that the aspect of security any examples any claims, any rec- [email protected] connected to criminality (including ommendations or even any remark 77

Kossak.indd 77 19/05/2017 14:53 The internet of...

...very smart things indeed

Brian McGuigan on how a programme of global smart city technology adoption can mean survival in a competitive world

f there’s a universal truth about When it goes poorly, cities become THE INTERNET OF cities, it’s that they exist in a state anemic, unsafe or stuck in time as the ‘URBAN’ THINGS Iof constant change. The built world moves on. The Internet of Things is gener- environment (buildings and roads) But cities are more than a collec- ally understood through the lens of and natural environment (water and tion of static, aging or ‘dumb’ parts, ‘smart’ devices, giving eyes, ears and topology) are constantly evolving and being exploited, adapted and worked a voice to previously insensible objects being adapted to suit the needs of a around by their ‘live’ elements. Cities to allow for faster, smarter and more city’s most essential, but unpredict- are complicated organisms, whose effective interactions. When taken able element: its citizens. component parts interact, inform, to a city scale, the Internet of Things The process of this change, when protect and support each other. A presents astounding opportunities for it works well, allows cities to grow, truly ‘smart’ city is one where this interactions between the living and accommodate new residents, adapt interaction has been improved at structural parts of a city. to shifting industries and support every level, allowing the organism to IoT technology creates nerve end- artistic or academic endeavours. adapt and thrive. ings throughout a city, connecting 78 thinkingcities.com

IoT Lighting.indd 78 18/05/2017 16:40 Safety and Security in Transport COPENHAGEN, FLORIDA, BRISTOL

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for instant alerting on light failures, No two cities are perfectly identical, and as well as an additional layer of all cities, whether old or new, will energy savings by managing the light output throughout the night. continue to find ways to deploy and Furthermore Copenhagen are exploring how the system can be evolve using technology to serve, extended to improve the safety of protect and support their citizens cyclists across the city. This factor may not be important in every city, but in one where nearly half of all responsive devices and sensors whole. The advent of LED technol- commuter trips are taken by bicycle, and building a network that can be ogy vastly improved the efficiency this is an invaluable and responsible articulated in nearly infinite ways. of urban lighting, but it also cre- system to Copenhagen. Responsive sensors or controllers ated incredible opportunities for This methodology may not be unlock logistical efficiencies, but responsive and intelligent lighting needed in every city, but in a city can also speed addressing prob- use. When distributed across the where nearly half of all commuter lems or increasing the health and city, smart technology can respond trips are taken by bicycle, this is an abilities of its users. Cities present almost instantly and provide invaluable and responsible system both a broad and deep range of exactly the right levels of power to Copenhagen. implementations, and will appeal to and illumination for discrete or spe- In Florida, Silver Spring Networks different groups in different ways - cific needs. partnered with Florida Power and but when they are applied effectively Copenhagen, one of the world’s Light on the world’s largest street can vastly improve potential for a most sustainable and smartest cities, light controls program. The light- city’s growth and evolution. worked with Silver Spring Networks ing authority is adding over 505,000 and partners Citelum and SELC to connected lights to a footprint of A LIGHT TO LEAD THE WAY deploy an enhanced city lighting over 5 million assets connected to Smart street lighting is one of the system designed to improve energy Silver Spring’s IPv6 network for most familiar examples of IoT efficiency, lower operational costs, smart metering and distribution technology being implemented to enable remote lighting management automation. These were being used improve the health of the city as a and control. Radio modules allowed to reinforce the reliability of its grid, 79

IoT Lighting.indd 79 18/05/2017 16:40 Bristol deployed a city-wide smart city network designed to be used and leveraged not just by government, but by citizens, businesses and the local universities

often challenged by strong storms They are designed specifically for and hurricanes. flexibility and reliable connectivity. The program also solved a unique Meshed devices adapt to local out- environmental challenge in aiding ages without completely shutting Florida’s turtle hatchlings during down by automatically seeking an nesting season. As viewers of David alternative pathway by communicat- Attenborough’s Planet Earth II televi- ing with their neighboring devices. sion series learned this year, newly They also allow for individual ele- born turtles can be attracted to the ments of the network to be put bright roadway lights on land instead offline or repaired without requiring of the moon that would direct them a full shutdown. They also secure into the ocean. With the lights now networks; if a rogue, unrecognised automated, lighting controls ensure device attempts to connect, they are dimming occurs during nesting sea- identified and blocked, similar to an son along south Florida. immune system rushing antibodies to location of an invading virus. SUITED TO THE HEART, BRAIN AND LUNGS Beyond the development of bet- GLOBAL SMART CITY However, efficient and sensible, ter city assets such as smart street TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION lighting, traffic and safety are only lights, Bristol is now exploring how Technology supporting the evolution one organism of a city. Business, to leverage the network to connect of cities is not new, nor is it confined artistic and academic pursuits are traffic light and congestion sensors, to the new world. Like any living thing, also essential to the growth and safety cameras, air quality sensors, no two cities are perfectly identical, operations of a city. A truly smart city weather sensors, public transporta- and all cities, whether old or new, would be one where all parts of the tion sensors, remote personal health- will continue to find ways to deploy organic whole stand to benefit. care monitors, acoustic detection and and evolve using technology to serve, A modern example of this would smart parking solutions which can protect and support their citizens. be Bristol, UK, which deployed a city- augment city revenue. If a city is an organism, a smart city wide smart city network designed is an organism best adapted to sur- to be used and leveraged not just by TECHNOLOGY THAT vive in a changing competitive world. government, but by citizens, busi- CAN FEEL AND HEAL Responsiveness, adaptability, flex- nesses and the local universities. IoT smart cities have the means ibility, and the ability to employ a wide The ‘Bristol is Open’ smart city to adapt, inform and improve the range of tools were all integral to programme is a joint venture lives of their residents - but it’s not the success of the human organism. between Bristol City Council and a one-way street. The best cities Though IoT technology, smart cities the University of Bristol. The ini- reflect the nature of their residents, are making a similar evolutionary tiative employs a city-wide, stand- which is true of smart-city technol- leap into a bright future. ards-based IPv6 network to drive ogy as well. economic competitiveness for its Silver Spring Networks has citizens. Bristol, achieved this city- designed its solutions to operate as a FYI wide coverage by enabling smart city distributed, self-healing mesh. Mesh Brian McGuigan is technology to just 3 per cent of lamp- networks take advantage of a large European Sales Director posts in the city, and has become a number of connected paths growing of Smart City Solutions at true ‘living lab’ for innovation and for more resilient and stronger as more Silver Spring Networks future growth in the region. devices are added to the network. 80 thinkingcities.com

IoT Lighting.indd 80 18/05/2017 16:40 PoliScanred+speed FOR SAFER ROADS

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Untitled-1 1 18/11/2016 16:09 502-007416 • Kunde: Vitronic • Anzeige • Schutzengel, redlight+speed; ohne Störer • Farben: 4c (Euroskala) • Format: B 210 x H 260 mm (+ 4 mm Beschnitt) Hi Simon. Tap into the grid and our staff will know when to expect you. We'll be here to make your experience as easy as it can be.

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