Berita Sedimentologi LESSER SUNDA Published by The Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI) The Sedimentology Commission - The Indonesian Association of Geologists (IAGI) Number 25 – November 2012 Page 1 of 58 Berita Sedimentologi LESSER SUNDA Editorial Board Advisory Board Herman Darman Prof. Yahdi Zaim Chief Editor Quarternary Geology Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. Institute of Technology, Bandung P.O. Box 162, 2501 AN, The Hague – The Netherlands Fax: +31-70 377 4978 Prof. R. P. Koesoemadinata E-mail: [email protected] Emeritus Professor Institute of Technology, Bandung Minarwan Deputy Chief Editor Wartono Rahardjo Mubadala Petroleum (Thailand) Ltd. University of Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 31st Floor, Shinawatra Tower 3, 1010 Viphavadi Rangsit Rd. Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Ukat Sukanta E-mail: [email protected] ENI Indonesia Fuad Ahmadin Nasution Mohammad Syaiful Total E&P Indonesie Exploration Think Tank Indonesia Jl. Yos Sudarso, Balikpapan 76123 E-mail: [email protected] F. Hasan Sidi Woodside, Perth, Australia Fatrial Bahesti PT. Pertamina E&P International Reviewers NAD-North Sumatra Assets Standard Chartered Building 23rd Floor Prof. Dr. Harry Doust Jl Prof Dr Satrio No 164, Jakarta 12950 - Indonesia Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit E-mail: [email protected] De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Wayan Heru Young E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] University Link coordinator Legian Kaja, Kuta, Bali 80361, Indonesia Dr. J.T. (Han) van Gorsel E-mail: [email protected] 6516 Minola St., HOUSTON, TX 77007, USA www.vangorselslist.com Visitasi Femant E-mail: [email protected] Treasurer Pertamina Hulu Energi Dr. T.J.A. Reijers th Kwarnas Building 6 Floor Geo-Training & Travel Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No.6, Jakarta 10110 Gevelakkers 11, 9465TV Anderen, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Rahmat Utomo Peter M. Barber PhD Mubadala Petroleum (Thailand) Ltd. Principal Sequence Stratigrapher 31st Floor, Shinawatra Tower 3, 1010 Viphavadi Rangsit Rd. Isis Petroleum Consultants P/L Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 47 Colin Street, West Perth, Western Australia 6005 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Cover Photograph: Pura Luhur Uluwatu on top of the cliff Taken from website : http://goseasia.about.com/od/bali/tp/ Must-See-Temples-In-Bali-Indonesia.htm • Published 3 times a year in March, July and November.by the Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (Forum Sedimentologiwan Indonesia, FOSI), a commission of the Indonesian Association of Geologists (Ikatan Ahli Geologi Indonesia, IAGI). • Cover topics related to sedimentary geology, includes their depositional processes, deformation, minerals, basin fill, etc. Number 25 – November 2012 Page 2 of 58 Berita Sedimentologi LESSER SUNDA Berita Sedimentologi A sedimentological Journal of the Indonesia Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI), a commission of the Indonesian Association of Geologist (IAGI) From the Editor Welcome to Berita Sedimentologi (co-authored by M. Purwaningsih). geologist in Mubadala Petroleum number 25! There is also a short communication (Thailand) Ltd. We also have a new on Sumba written by J.T. van Gorsel international reviewer, Dr. Peter We are very pleased to present you our on the age of Ammonite found in the Barber (Isis Petroleum, Australia), final edition of Berita Sedimentologi in island. Other articles include a review whose skill in clastic sequence 2012, Berita Sedimentologi No 25. on tectonic models of the Lesser stratigraphy would be very useful to This edition will focus on the Lesser Sunda Islands, two short notes on the support Berita Sedimentologi team. Dr. Sunda Islands, with some articles on sedimentology of some tourist Barber will start his role from this Bali, Lombok and Sumba islands in attraction locations in Bali and edition onward. particular. Some of the mentioned Lombok and an article about volcano islands are well-established tourist tourism potential or Mt. Rinjani in We hope that you will enjoy reading destinations in Indonesia because they Lombok Island. Volcanoclastic this volume and Happy New Year possess beautiful natural sceneries and sediments are the main deposits in 2013. See you again next year! cultural richness. They are also an these islands. interesting region geologically, so next Best Regards, time when you book your vacation in As we‟re about to change year from one of the islands, perhaps it won't be 2012 to 2013, there will be some a bad idea to bring along your changes as well in the editorial team of sedimentology, stratigraphy or even Berita Sedimentologi in 2013. Agus vulcanology skills while you're enjoying Suhirmanto, our main lay out editor, is the nature. leaving the team due to family and work commitments. Agus has done The contents of BS No. 25 include two outstanding job while serving FOSI Minarwan articles written by Awang Satyana, one and we cannot thank him enough for Deputy Chief Editor on Wallace Line (Bali-Lombok gap) his contributions. Agus will be replaced and the other one on Sumba island by Rahmat Utomo, an exploration INSIDE THIS ISSUE Bali-Lombok Gap: A Distinct Bio-geologic Short Note: Sedimentology of Bali Book Review : The SE Asian Getway: History and Tectonic of the Australian- Border of the Wallace’s Line – A. H. 5 Touristic Locations ; Tanah Lot and 38 Asia Collision, editor: Robert Hall et al – 56 Satyana Uluwatu – H. Darman T.J.A. Reijers Short Note: Well Rounded Kuta and Book Review - Biodiversity, Tectonic Models of the Lesser Sunda Biogeography and Nature Conservation 8 Tanjung Aan Lombok Beach Sand – R. P. 44 58 Islands – Minarwan in Wallacea and New Guinea (Volume 1), Koesoemadinata et. al. Edited by D. Telnov, Ph.D. – H. Darman Volcano Tourism of Mt. Rinjani in West Seismic Expression of Tectonic Features Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia: a in the Lesser Sunda Island Vicinity – H. 16 47 Volcanological and Ecotourism Darman Perspective – H. Rachmat New Look at the Origin of the Sumba A Report from SEAPEX Evening Talk in Terrane: Multidisiplinary Approaches – A. 26 Bangkok: Current Understanding of 55 H. Satyana & M.E.M. Purwaningsih Sundaland Tectonics - Minarwan Short Communication: No Jurassic Sediments on Sumba Island? – J. T. Van 35 Gorsel Call for paper BS #26 – focus in Java Published in March 2013 Number 25 – November 2012 Page 3 of 58 Berita Sedimentologi LESSER SUNDA About FOSI he forum was founded in 1995 as FOSI has close international relations Most of FOSI administrative work will T the Indonesian Sedimentologists with the Society of Sedimentary be handled by the editorial team. IAGI Forum (FOSI). This organization is a Geology (SEPM) and the International office in Jakarta will help if necessary. commu-nication and discussion forum Association of Sedimentologists (IAS). for geologists, especially for those deal Fellowship is open to those holding a with sedimentology and sedimentary recognized degree in geology or a geology in Indonesia. cognate subject and non-graduates who have at least two years relevant The forum was accepted as the experience. sedimentological commission of the Indonesian Association of Geologists FOSI has organized 2 international (IAGI) in 1996. About 300 members conferences in 1999 and 2001, were registered in 1999, including attended by more than 150 inter- industrial and academic fellows, as well national participants. The official website of FOSI is: as students. http://www.iagi.or.id/fosi/ FOSI Membership Any person who has a background in geoscience and/or is engaged in the practising or teaching of geoscience or its related business may apply for general membership. As the organization has just been restarted, we use LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) as the main data base platform. We realize that it is not the ideal solution, and we may look for other alternative in the near future. Having said that, for the current situation, LinkedIn is fit for purpose. International members and students are welcome to join the organization. FOSI Group Member as of NOVEMBER 2012 Number 25 – November 2012 Page 4 of 58 Berita Sedimentologi LESSER SUNDA Bali–Lombok Gap: A Distinct Geo-Biologic Border of the Wallace Line Awang H. Satyana SKMIGAS (Formerly known as BPMIGAS) Corresponding Author: [email protected] Introduction “Bali and Lombok Islands located to the east of Java are very includes such mammals as rhinoceroses, orang-utans, interesting for several reasons. Only on these two islands Hinduism tapirs, tigers, and elephants. Animals related to Australian exists in Indonesia. Both islands represent different ends of two fauna include birds such as cockatoos, birds of paradise, zoological realms in the East. The islands are similar in shapes and marsupials and cuscuses. physical characteristics, but they are different in their floras and faunas.” (Wallace, 1863) Bio-Geological Aspects of Wallace Line The "Wallace Line", a line that divides faunal distribution, Wallace did not believe that accidental dispersal events in came into being in 1863 and was named after Alfred ecological time explained mammalian and avian Russell Wallace, the great English naturalist travelling the distributions within the archipelago. Instead, he linked „Malay archipelago‟ or the Indonesian islands from 1854- geological connection to biological diversity. "Facts such 1862. The Wallace Line separates the Oriental (Asian) as these can only be explained by a bold acceptance of vast fauna to the west from the Australasian fauna to the east changes in the surface of the earth", Wallace stated in a (Fig. 1). The original Wallace Line ran between Bali and paper with the title "On the Zoological Geography of the Lombok, extending northward between Malay Archipelago" presented to the Linnaean Society on Borneo/Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and between the 3 November 1859. Philippines and Indonesia. The Asian animal community A B Fig ure 1. The Wallace Line runs between Bali and Lombok. It geologically marks the border of the Sunda Shelf to the east. Bali is the easternmost island sitting on the Sunda Shelf.