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Hydrogen Potential as Storage and the Grid

Dr. Sunita Satyapal, Director, Cell Office

VerdExchange Conference January 18, 2019 – Los Angeles, CA An exciting time for and fuel cells

650 Shipped (MW) worldwide in 2017*

700 600 Sales in 2017 500 - 70,000 fuel cell units shipped* 400 - Global sales for electrolyzers 300 estimated at over 200 100MW/year** 100 *DOE and E4tech 0 **Courtesy of NOW, E4tech and partners: A collaborative 2014 2015 2016 2017 effort to assess electrolyzer market potential Stationary Portable Transportation

Over 6,200 fuel cell cars sold or leased in the . Over 360 mi driving range.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 2 Automotive Executives Survey Results

Fuel cell electrical mobility

First time fuel cell electric mobility ranks #1 trend among executives

Source: KPMG Global Automotive Executive Survey 2018

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 3 RealLong World-Range, Applications Heavy Duty Applications – In the U.S. Emerging

Fuel cell buses in CA surpass 19M passengers

Fuel cell delivery and parcel trucks Industry demonstrates first starting deliveries in CA and NY heavy duty fuel cell truck in CA

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 4 Interest in material handling equipment applications

More than 23,000 forklifts Over 13 million refuelings

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 5 H2@Scale: Enabling affordable, reliable, clean, and secure energy across sectors Conventional Storage

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 6 H2@Scale: Enabling affordable, reliable, clean, and secure energy across sectors Conventional Storage

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 7 Record-Low PPA Prices for Utility-Scale Solar

US$/MWh

Source: GTM, Dept. of Energy Solar Technologies Office

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 8 Potential: High capacity and long term energy storage

• Hydrogen can offer long duration and • Analysis shows potential for hydrogen GWh scale energy storage to be competitive at > 10 hours

Fuel cell cars

Source: Hydrogen Council Source: NREL (preliminary)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 9 The Duck’s belly is getting bigger

Two Concerns: Steeper • Low Net Load: Actual 3-hour ramp Ramps of 13GW on December flexibility to reduce 18, 2016 baseload generation resources is limited 2012 (actual) • High Ramp Rates 2013 (actual) in Evening: ramp need 2014 ~13GW flexibility of other 2015 in three hours 2016 generation to ramp 2018 2017 up is limited 2019 Can be over generation risk 2020 addressed by

Deeper Net Load of 8.5GW on Belly * May 14, 2017

Source U.S. DOE Technologies Office

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 10 H2@Scale: Electrolyzers can provide grid services

First Ever Validation of Regulation with Electrolyzers

Idaho National Lab (INL)

Lab testing shows dynamic response within seconds and potential for grid services National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 11 H2@Scale: Enabling renewable energy ? Where we find abundant solar and wind energy

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 12 …and deliver it or co-locate with demand for certain applications Where energy is consumed

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 13 Preliminary analysis underway to guide future plans

Cost of long distance transmission is high

Can H2 or H2 carriers be an option?

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 14 Analysis and R&D Projects Underway

H Demand 2030 2 25.6 MMT

H2@Scale Consortium Over 20 projects with DOE Labs, Industry, States

Refineries Synthetic fuel FCEVs

Nearly 30 million metric tons of potential hydrogen demand in the U.S. Source: Elgowainy, et al, ANL

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 15 International Engagement and Collaboration

• Increase international collaboration to accelerate progress

• Working Groups: U.S. elected IPHE Chair May 2018 • Regulations, Codes and Standards, Safety Japan Vice Chair • Education & Outreach EC, Germany, France, Canada support

• Launched 2003 and Tokyo Statement – Document Guiding International includes 18 countries Commitment to Collaborate on Hydrogen and the European Commission

• Coordination with IEA, Mission Innovation, and Energy Ministerials

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 16 Collaboration: New H2 Safety Partnership

Leverages new partnership to promote collaboration on safety

U.S. DOE’s

April 1-2, AICHE Meeting, LA

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 17 Funding Opportunity

Notice of Intent issued Funding Opportunity to be announced soon

Includes H2@Scale

www.hydrogen.energy.gov

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 18 Save the Date

2019 Annual Merit Review

April 29 - May 1, 2019 Washington, DC

hydrogen.energy.gov

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 19 Thank you

Dr. Sunita Satyapal Director Fuel Cell Technologies Office [email protected]

energy.gov/eere/fuelcells

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE 20