Energy Storage
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Investigating Hidden Flexibilities Provided by Power-To-X Consid- Ering Grid Support Strategies
InVESTIGATING Hidden FleXIBILITIES ProVIDED BY Power-to-X Consid- ERING Grid Support StrATEGIES Master Thesis B. Caner YAgcı˘ Intelligent Electrical POWER Grids Investigating Hidden Flexibilities Provided by Power-to-X Considering Grid Support Strategies Master Thesis by B. Caner Yağcı to obtain the degree of Master of Science at the Delft University of Technology, to be defended publicly on Tuesday September 14, 2020 at 9:30. Student number: 4857089 Project duration: December 2, 2019 – September 14, 2020 Thesis committee: Dr. Milos Cvetkovic, TU Delft, supervisor Dr. ir. J. L. Rueda Torres, TU Delft Dr. L. M. Ramirez Elizando TU Delft This thesis is confidential and cannot be made public until September 14, 2020. An electronic version of this thesis is available at http://repository.tudelft.nl/. Preface First of all, I would like to thank PhD. Digvijay Gusain and Dr. Milos Cvetkovic for not only teaching me the answers through this journey, but also giving me the perception of asking the right questions that lead simple ideas into unique values. I would also like to thank my family Alican, Huriye, U˘gur, Gökhan who have been supporting me from the beginning of this journey and more. You continue inspiring me to find my own path and soul, even from miles away. Your blessing is my treasure in life... My friends, Onurhan and Berke. You encourage me and give me confidence to be my best in any scene. You are two extraordinary men who, I know, will always be there when I need. Finally, I would like to thank TU Delft staff and my colleagues in TU Delft for making this journey enter- taining and illuminative for me. -
A Review of Energy Storage Technologies' Application
sustainability Review A Review of Energy Storage Technologies’ Application Potentials in Renewable Energy Sources Grid Integration Henok Ayele Behabtu 1,2,* , Maarten Messagie 1, Thierry Coosemans 1, Maitane Berecibar 1, Kinde Anlay Fante 2 , Abraham Alem Kebede 1,2 and Joeri Van Mierlo 1 1 Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.A.K.); [email protected] (J.V.M.) 2 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-485659951 or +251-926434658 Received: 12 November 2020; Accepted: 11 December 2020; Published: 15 December 2020 Abstract: Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar are frequently hit by fluctuations due to, for example, insufficient wind or sunshine. Energy storage technologies (ESTs) mitigate the problem by storing excess energy generated and then making it accessible on demand. While there are various EST studies, the literature remains isolated and dated. The comparison of the characteristics of ESTs and their potential applications is also short. This paper fills this gap. Using selected criteria, it identifies key ESTs and provides an updated review of the literature on ESTs and their application potential to the renewable energy sector. The critical review shows a high potential application for Li-ion batteries and most fit to mitigate the fluctuation of RESs in utility grid integration sector. -
Use of Cogeneration in Large Industrial Projects
COGENERATION USE OF COGENERATION IN LARGE INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS (RECENT ADVANCES IN COGENERATION?) PRESENTER: JIM LONEY, PE [email protected] 281-295-7606 COGENERATION • WHAT IS COGENERATION? • Simultaneous generation of electricity and useful thermal energy (steam in most cases) • WHY COGENERATION? • Cogeneration is more efficient • Rankine Cycle – about 40% efficiency • Combined Cycle – about 60% efficiency • Cogeneration – about 87% efficiency • Why doesn’t everyone use only cogeneration? COGENERATION By Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung - https://www.flickr.com/photos/boellstiftung/38359636032, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=79343425 COGENERATION GENERATION SYSTEM LOSSES • Rankine Cycle – about 40% efficiency • Steam turbine cycle using fossil fuel • Most of the heat loss is from the STG exhaust • Some heat losses via boiler flue gas • Simple Cycle Gas Turbine– about 40% efficiency • The heat loss is from the gas turbine exhaust • Combined Cycle – about 60% efficiency • Recover the heat from the gas turbine exhaust and run a Rankine cycle • Cogeneration – about 87% efficiency COGENERATION • What is the problem with cogeneration? • Reality Strikes • In order to get to 87% efficiency, the heating load has to closely match the thermal energy left over from the generation of electricity. • Utility electricity demand typically follows a nocturnal/diurnal sine pattern • Steam heating loads follow a summer/winter cycle • With industrial users, electrical and heating loads are typically more stable COGENERATION • What factors determine if cogeneration makes sense? • ECONOMICS! • Not just the economics of the cogeneration unit, but the impact on the entire facility. • Fuel cost • Electricity cost, including stand-by charges • Operational flexibility including turndown ability • Reliability impacts • Possibly the largest influence • If the cogeneration unit has an outage then this may (will?) bring the entire facility down. -
Innovation Insights Brief | 2020
FIVE STEPS TO ENERGY STORAGE Innovation Insights Brief | 2020 In collaboration with the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) ABOUT THE WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL ABOUT THIS INSIGHTS BRIEF The World Energy Council is the principal impartial This Innovation Insights brief on energy storage is part network of energy leaders and practitioners promoting of a series of publications by the World Energy Council an affordable, stable and environmentally sensitive focused on Innovation. In a fast-paced era of disruptive energy system for the greatest benefit of all. changes, this brief aims at facilitating strategic sharing of knowledge between the Council’s members and the Formed in 1923, the Council is the premiere global other energy stakeholders and policy shapers. energy body, representing the entire energy spectrum, with over 3,000 member organisations in over 90 countries, drawn from governments, private and state corporations, academia, NGOs and energy stakeholders. We inform global, regional and national energy strategies by hosting high-level events including the World Energy Congress and publishing authoritative studies, and work through our extensive member network to facilitate the world’s energy policy dialogue. Further details at www.worldenergy.org and @WECouncil Published by the World Energy Council 2020 Copyright © 2020 World Energy Council. All rights reserved. All or part of this publication may be used or reproduced as long as the following citation is included on each copy or transmission: ‘Used by permission of the World -
Utility Incentives for Combined Heat and Power
UTILITY INCENTIVES FOR COMBINED HEAT AND POWER U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Combined Heat and Power Partnership October 2008 FOREWORD The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership as a voluntary program that seeks to reduce the environmental impact of power generation by promoting the use of CHP. CHP is an efficient, clean, and reliable approach to generating power and thermal energy from a single fuel source. CHP can increase operational efficiency and decrease energy costs, while reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global climate change. The CHP Partnership works closely with energy users, the CHP industry, state and local governments, and other stakeholders to support the development of new CHP projects and promote their energy, environmental, and economic benefits. The CHP Partnership provides resources about CHP technologies, incentives, emissions profiles, and other information on its Web site at <www.epa.gov/chp>. i CONTENTS About This Report........................................................................................................................... 1 Utility-Initiated Incentives, Policies, and Programs for CHP......................................................... 5 Investor-Owned Gas Utilities ..................................................................................................... 5 Investor-Owned Electric Utilities ...............................................................................................9 -
An Overview of Energy Storage Opportunities for Massachusetts Commercial Buildings
AN OVERVIEW OF ENERGY APRIL 2018 STORAGE OPPORTUNITIES OVERVIEW FOR MASSACHUSETTS COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS ABETC1-50150 OV-Storage.indd 1 4/6/18 10:48 AM 2 A BETTER CITY AN OVERVIEW OF ENERGY STORAGE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MASSACHUSETTS COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This joint A Better City/Boston Green Ribbon Commission publication would not be possible without generous funding support from the Barr Foundation. REPORT TEAM A Better City CONTENTS • Yve Torrie Meister Consultants Group, A Cadmus Company 3 Introduction • Will Hanley 5 Energy Storage History • Kathryn Wright 5 Energy Storage Types and Terminology REVIEWERS 6 Services fnd Benefits 9 Technology Options • Ward Bower, Ward Bower Innovations LLC 11 Environmental Considerations • John Cleveland, Boston Green Ribbon Commission 11 Resilience Considerations • Meredith Hatfield, The Barr Foundation 11 Incentives and Support for Project • Lars Lisell, Resilient Energy Systems, Implementation National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Seth Mullendore, Clean Energy Group 14 Market Barriers and Policy Opportunities • Galen Nelson, Massachusetts Clean Energy Center 17 Endnotes • Kavita Ravi, Massachusetts Clean Energy Center 19 Photo Credits To view a hyperlinked version of this report online, go to http://www.abettercity.org/assets/images/ An_Overview_of_Energy_Storage_Opportunities.pdf A Better City is a diverse group of business leaders united around a common goal—to enhance Boston and the region’s economic health, competitiveness, vibrancy, sustainability and quality of life. By ampli- fying the voice of the business community through collaboration and consensus across a broad range of stakeholders, A Better City develops solutions and influences policy in three critical areas central to the Boston region’s economic competitiveness and growth: transportation and infrastructure, land Design: David Gerratt/NonprofitDesign.com use and development, and energy and environment. -
Electrical Balance of Plant Solutions for Power Generation
GE Grid Solutions Electrical Balance of Plant Solutions for Power Generation g imagination at work Today’s Environment Todays power plants, whether heavy duty gas turbines, a distributed mobile “power plant on wheels”, or a remote wind farm, are becoming increasingly complex, especially when connecting different disparate systems seamlessly together. This is resulting in increasing industry challenges including: Demand Management Emergency Power Supplementing power to the grid for peak Support during natural disasters due to shaving or managing seasonal demands. unpredictable global weather patterns as well as support in politically volatile regions of the world. Constraint Management Regulatory Environment Overcoming generation constraints with Rapidly changing regulations, standards and impact increasing demand. on grid stability due to a variety of power generation sources on the grid. Back-up Power Power Quality Supporting maintenance, overhauls, or Managing changed network load profiles, larger outages at power plants. switched or dynamic loads, missing or overloaded interconnections. Rural Demand Energy Savings Population growth in large cities creating Reduce production cost through energy savings and increase in electrification of rural areas. increase process efficiency. With one of the largest installed base of turbine generators in the world, coupled with more than a century of experience delivering innovative, high voltage solutions in generation, transmission, and distribution networks, GE helps utilities solve these challenges with its versatile and robust suite of solutions for Electrical Balance of Plant (EBoP) applications offering best-in-class manufactured products with engineering and installation services. Providing a broad range of solutions to suit customer’s specific EBoP requirements, GE’s solutions are designed with scalability in mind to support a large scope of projects ranging from heavy duty turbine generation to hydro pump storage, renewable wind and solar applications. -
Commercialization of Energy Storage Technologies
Commercialization of Energy Storage Technologies PECC International Project Energy Transition and New Economic Models 2013-2014 Energy transition: Making the most out of available resources Victoria, BC, Canada November 08 2013 CONFIDENTIAL Presentation Agenda • Introduction to SDTC’s clean technology commercialization model • Demand Drivers for Energy Storage (ES) and Renewable Energy (RE) Integration • Technology Configurations and SDTC ES Portfolio Company Summary • ES Market Size and Potential • Regulatory Policy and Market Rules Support for ES CONFIDENTIAL 2 External Sources Acknowledgement • Sandia National Labs • DOE/ EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA July 2013 • Energy Storage for the Electicity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessments Guide, A Study for the DOE Energy Storage System Program Feb 2010 • EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) • Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options 23-Dec-2010 • Lux • Grid Storage Under the Microscope: Using Local Knowledge to Forecast Global Demand March 2012 • Roland Berger Strategy Consultants CONFIDENTIAL 3 SDTC Mission and Mandate • SDTC is a policy delivery instrument of the Government of Canada to deliver environmental and economic benefits to Canadians. • As a delivery agent, we foster the development and demonstration of technological solutions that address: • Clean Air • Clean Water • Climate Change • Clean Land • Forge innovative partnerships and build a sustainable development technology infrastructure. • Ensure timely diffusion - increase -
Battery Energy Storage Overview
Business & Technology Report Updated April 2019 Battery Energy Storage Overview This Battery Energy Storage Overview is a joint publication by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation, CoBank, and NRTC. For more information please contact: • Jan Ahlen, Director, NRECA Business and Technology Strategies: [email protected]. • Tom Binet, Senior Economist, Power, Energy & Water, Knowledge Exchange Division, CoBank: [email protected] • Peter Muhoro, Vice President, Strategic Industry Research and Analysis, NRUCFC: [email protected] • Brad Seibert, Vice President, Next Generation Energy, NRTC: [email protected] Disclaimers The information in this report is intended to be a helpful and educational resource that is general in nature. The information is not an exhaustive and complete examination of issues relating to deployment of battery energy storage technologies. NRECA and the authors are not attempting to render specific legal or other professional advice in this report. We, therefore, encourage cooperatives to consult with qualified experts when undergoing any analysis of deployment of any of these technologies within your system. This report is provided “as is” and NRECA and the authors make no warranties or representations, either express or implied, about the information contained in the manual, including warranties of accuracy, completeness or usefulness. In addition, the authors and NRECA make no warranty or representation that the use of these contents does not infringe on privately held rights. Readers are reminded to perform due diligence in applying these findings to their specific needs, as it is not possible for NRECA to have sufficient understanding of any specific situation to ensure applicability of the findings in all cases. -
Deployment of Energy Storage to Improve Environmental Outcomes of Hydropower White Paper May 2021
PNNL-SA-157672 Deployment of Energy Storage to Improve Environmental Outcomes of Hydropower White Paper May 2021 B Bellgraph, T Douville, A Somani, K DeSomber, R O’Neil, R Harnish, J Lessick, D Bhatnagar, J Alam Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Choose an item. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Printed in the United States of America Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062; ph: (865) 576-8401 fax: (865) 576-5728 email: [email protected] Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Rd., Alexandria, VA 22312 ph: (800) 553-NTIS (6847) email: [email protected] <https://www.ntis.gov/about> Online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov Choose an item. -
1 Wind Turbine Energy Storage • Most Electricity in the U.S. Is Produced at the Same Time It Is Consumed. • Peak-Load Plants
Wind Turbine Energy Storage 1 1 Wind Turbine Energy Storage • Most electricity in the U.S. is produced at the same time it is consumed. • Peak-load plants, usually fueled by natural gas, run when de- mand surges, often on hot days when consumers run air condi- tioners. • Wind generated power in contrast, cannot be guaranteed to be available when demand is highest. • The hourly electric power demand is relatively periodic on a 24 hour cycle with the peak demand occurring in the daylight hours. • Wind power generation is not periodic or correlated to the demand cycle. • The solution is energy storage. Figure 1: Example of a two week period of system loads, system loads minus wind generation, and wind generation. University of Notre Dame AME 40530 Wind Turbine Energy Storage 2 • There are many methods of energy storage. { electro-chemical energy storage such as batteries { chemical storage such as electro-hydrogen generation { gravitational potential energy storage such as pumped-storage hydroelectric { electrical potential storage such as electric capacitors { latent heat storage such as phase-change materials { kinetic energy storage such as flywheels • Short-term energy storage vs very long-term storage • maximum discharge rate • possible number of charge-discharge cycles University of Notre Dame AME 40530 Wind Turbine Energy Storage 3 Figure 2: Wind turbine energy storage optimization flow chart. University of Notre Dame AME 40530 Wind Turbine Energy Storage 4 1.1 Electro-chemical Energy Storage • Rechargeable batteries are the most common form of electric storage devices • Three main types: lead-acid batteries, nickel-based batteries, and lithium-based • Each consist of cells made up of positive and negative electrodes that are immersed in an electrolyte Figure 3: Illustration of an electro-chemical storage battery cell. -
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities Michael I. Henderson, Damir Novosel, and Mariesa L. Crow November 2017. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States License. Background The traditional electric power grid connected large central generating stations through a high- voltage (HV) transmission system to a distribution system that directly fed customer demand. Generating stations consisted primarily of steam stations that used fossil fuels and hydro turbines that turned high inertia turbines to produce electricity. The transmission system grew from local and regional grids into a large interconnected network that was managed by coordinated operating and planning procedures. Peak demand and energy consumption grew at predictable rates, and technology evolved in a relatively well-defined operational and regulatory environment. Ove the last hundred years, there have been considerable technological advances for the bulk power grid. The power grid has been continually updated with new technologies including increased efficient and environmentally friendly generating sources higher voltage equipment power electronics in the form of HV direct current (HVdc) and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) advancements in computerized monitoring, protection, control, and grid management techniques for planning, real-time operations, and maintenance methods of demand response and energy-efficient load management. The rate of change in the electric power industry continues to accelerate annually. Drivers for Change Public policies, economics, and technological innovations are driving the rapid rate of change in the electric power system. The power system advances toward the goal of supplying reliable electricity from increasingly clean and inexpensive resources. The electrical power system has transitioned to the new two-way power flow system with a fast rate and continues to move forward (Figure 1).