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Estratégia Marinha ESTRATÉGIA MARINHA Relatório do 2º ciclo Parte D Reavaliação do Estado Ambiental e Definição de Metas subdivisão da Madeira Diretiva Quadro Estratégia Marinha Março 2020 PARTE D | AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO AMBIENTAL SUBDIVISÃO DA MADEIRA Índice Lista de acrónimos .......................................................................................................xv ESTADO AMBIENTAL DAS ÁGUAS MARINHAS E METAS AMBIENTAIS 1 D.1 SUBDIVISÃO DA MADEIRA ........................................................................... 1 Introdução .............................................................................................. 1 Áreas de avaliação ........................................................................... 1 Áreas relevantes para a conservação da natureza ........................... 3 Metas ambientais estabelecidas no 1º ciclo .................................... 14 Programa de Medidas 2014 ............................................................ 17 Descritor 1: Biodiversidade ................................................................ 21 Introdução ...................................................................................... 21 Metodologia geral ........................................................................... 22 TEMA: Grupos de espécies de aves, mamíferos, répteis ................................. 28 Aves marinhas ................................................................................ 48 Mamíferos marinhos ....................................................................... 63 Répteis marinhos: tartarugas marinhas .......................................... 83 Peixes ............................................................................................ 88 Considerações finais ...................................................................... 89 Metas e indicadores........................................................................ 90 Referências .................................................................................... 98 Descritor 2: Espécies não-indígenas ............................................... 121 Introdução .................................................................................... 121 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 122 Resultados ................................................................................... 123 Determinação e Avaliação do BEA ............................................... 129 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 130 Referências .................................................................................. 132 Descritor 3: Populações de peixes e moluscos explorados para fins comerciais ........................................................................................................ 137 Introdução .................................................................................... 137 DIRETIVA QUADRO ESTRATÉGIA MARINHA i PARTE D | AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO AMBIENTAL SUBDIVISÃO DA MADEIRA Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 137 Resultados ................................................................................... 144 Determinação e Avaliação do BEA ............................................... 158 Considerações finais .................................................................... 165 Referências .................................................................................. 165 Descritor 4: Teias tróficas ................................................................. 169 Introdução .................................................................................... 169 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 169 Determinação e Avaliação do BEA ............................................... 171 Considerações finais .................................................................... 171 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 171 Referências .................................................................................. 173 Descritor 5: Eutrofização .................................................................. 175 Introdução .................................................................................... 175 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 175 Resultados ................................................................................... 182 Determinação e avaliação do BEA ............................................... 190 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 190 Referências .................................................................................. 191 Descritor 6: Integridade dos fundos marinhos ................................ 193 Introdução .................................................................................... 193 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 193 Resultados ................................................................................... 198 Determinação e avaliação do BEA ............................................... 212 Considerações finais .................................................................... 213 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 213 Referências .................................................................................. 217 Descritor 7: Condições hidrográficas .............................................. 219 Introdução .................................................................................... 219 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 219 Resultados ................................................................................... 222 DIRETIVA QUADRO ESTRATÉGIA MARINHA ii PARTE D | AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO AMBIENTAL SUBDIVISÃO DA MADEIRA Determinação e avaliação do BEA ............................................... 224 Considerações finais .................................................................... 225 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 225 Referências .................................................................................. 225 Descritor 8: Contaminantes no meio marinho ................................. 227 Introdução .................................................................................... 227 Metodologias e dados ................................................................... 227 Resultados ................................................................................... 235 Determinação e Avaliação do BEA ............................................... 243 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 244 Referências .................................................................................. 244 Descritor 9: Contaminantes em organismos marinhos para consumo humano 248 Introdução .................................................................................... 248 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 248 Resultados ................................................................................... 252 Determinação e avaliação do BEA ............................................... 256 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 257 Referências .................................................................................. 257 Descritor 10: Lixo marinho ............................................................... 259 Introdução .................................................................................... 259 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 259 Resultados ................................................................................... 263 Determinação e avaliação do BEA ............................................... 264 Considerações finais .................................................................... 264 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 264 Referências .................................................................................. 267 Descritor 11: Ruído submarino ......................................................... 269 Introdução .................................................................................... 269 Metodologia e dados .................................................................... 271 Resultados ................................................................................... 277 DIRETIVA QUADRO ESTRATÉGIA MARINHA iii PARTE D | AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO AMBIENTAL SUBDIVISÃO DA MADEIRA Determinação e avaliação do BEA ............................................... 277 Metas e Indicadores ..................................................................... 277 Referências .................................................................................. 279 DIRETIVA QUADRO ESTRATÉGIA MARINHA iv PARTE D | AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO AMBIENTAL SUBDIVISÃO DA MADEIRA Índice de Figuras Figura D-1. Limites da subdivisão do Madeira. ............................................................. 2 Figura D-2. AMPs (SIC e ZPE) em 2014 e 2018, na Madeira, Porto Santo e Desertas, na subdivisão
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