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Diversity, Ecology and Evolution of Feather Mites in Seabirds

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Diversity, Ecology and Evolution of Feather Mites in Seabirds Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas Laura Mihaela Stefan Aquesta tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència Reconeixement- SenseObraDerivada 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons. Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - SinObraDerivada 3.0. España de Creative Commons. This doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0. Spain License. DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF FEATHER MITES IN SEABIRDS DIVERSIDAD, ECOLOGÍA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS ÁCAROS DE LAS PLUMAS EN AVES MARINAS Laura Mihaela Stefan Doctoral Thesis Barcelona 2016 COVER DESIGN: Alexandra I. Seciu EDITORIAL DESIGN: Ion Zamfir This doctoral thesis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivates 4.0 International License This thesis was financially supported by a pre-doctoral grant (APIF/2009) from the University of Barcelona Facultat de Biologia Departament de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología i Ciències Ambientals Programa de Doctorat en Biodiversitat DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF FEATHER MITES IN SEABIRDS DIVERSIDAD, ECOLOGÍA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS ÁCAROS DE LAS PLUMAS EN AVES MARINAS Memoria presentada por: LAURA MIHAELA STEFAN para optar al grado de Doctora por la Universidad de Barcelona Barcelona, 2016 DIRECTOR: DIRECTOR: TUTOR: Dr. Karen D. McCoy Dr. Elena Gómez-Díaz Dr: Jacob González-Solís Bou CNRS-IRD-University of Montpellier Estación Biológica de Doñana Facultat de Biologia Centre IRD, France EBD-CSIC, Espanya Universitat de Barcelona, Espanya “So many mites, so little time” Barry OConnor A mi familia, A Pap, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sera difícil agradecer en pocas palabras a todas las personas que han contribuido en llevar a cabo este proyecto y que me acompañaron en este camino tan largo pero a la vez maravilloso de mi vida. Les agradezco de todo corazón por todo lo que habéis hecho por mí! First of all I would like to thank my supervisors, Jacob González-Solís, Karen D. McCoy and Elena Gómez- Díaz. Jacob, muchas gracias por todo, por ofrecerme la oportunidad de descubrir el mundo de los ácaros y sobre todo enamorarme de las pardelas, por el apoyo, los consejos y los momentos divertidos durante todos estos años. Karen and Elena, thank you very much for your support and patience, without your help it would not have been possible to finish this project. I also want to thank Heather Proctor and Sergey Mironov, two wonderful persons always willing to teach me everything about feather mites; thank you very much for receiving me in your labs and for all your help during all these years. It was a pleasure to meet you! Mi estancia en Barcelona no hubiera sido tan bonita sin la gente maravillosa que conocí a lo largo de estos años en el Departamento de Biología Animal. Primero, quiero empezar con mi grupo, el más numeroso del departamento. Té, mi primera “compañera de sufrimiento”, por fin vamos a ser doctoras; gracias por ser tan buena persona, dispuesta a ayudar en cualquier momento, por tu apoyo y consejos cuando más lo necesitaba, y también por los buenos momentos que no fueron pocos. Espero que consigues cumplir todos tus sueños porque te lo mereces! Fernanda, aunque llegaste mas tarde en el grupo, hemos tenido suficiente tiempo para conocernos y disfrutar de los buenos ratos. Que semanitas hemos pasado en Menorca! Gracias por todo, por tu amistad, por ayudarme con el papeleo del doctorado y por animar el despacho con tu risa y alegría. Mi queridísimo Jose “Maria” que buenos momentos hemos compartido en estos largos años! Gracias por enseñarme como usar el Photoshop para hacer más lindos a mis ácaros, por las largas y agradables discusiones sobre la vida, por los momentos divertidos que hemos pasado en Veneguera…la fritanga, el pobre conejito que acabo en la olla de la pensión Lumy y la maravillosa canción “Amigo” que nos acompañaba cada día en el camino hacia la colonia. Animo, muy pronto llegaras a la meta!!! Vero, Zuzana, Raul, Virginia y Marta, gracias por todo, por vuestra amistad y vuestro apoyo cuando lo he necesitado, fue un gran placer compartir todos estos años con vosotros! También quiero agradecer a los otros miembros del departamento. Alberto, con tu ayuda y la del Mario me he integrado poco a poco en el grupo de los becarios. Gracias a los dos por vuestro apoyo, alegría, por las bonitas excursiones que hacíamos a la montaña y por las largas y divertidas discusiones. Mario y Oriol gracias por las discusiones entretenidas sobre el futbol, por los buenos ratos que pasamos en Menorca y a ti Oriol, también por ofrecerme la posibilidad de ver gratis un partido de Barca. Manolo, Francesc y otra vez Mario, gracias por vuestra amistad, por los almuerzos en la Uni cuando se debatía siempre el mismo tema que no lo puedo mencionar aquí, pero estoy segura que sabéis muy bien a que me refiero y por querer enriquecer vuestro vocabulario rumano. Quiero también agradecer a Irene, Debora, Eloy, Fabiana, Morgana, gracias por vuestra compañía y buenos ratos que hemos pasado a lo largo de estos años. Ahora sigue el grupo chileno: Karla, Nicole y Lisette. Gracias por vuestra amistad, por los buenos momentos que pasamos juntas y por enseñarme un poco el chileno. Mi Karlita, gracias por todo, por ser una persona tan maravillosa, por ofrecerme tu ayuda y apoyo cuando más lo necesitaba, por recibirme siempre en tu casa. Eres la hermana que nunca he tenido y te quiero mucho! Mar, mi amiga catalana, gracias por tu apoyo, por tus consejos, por ser como eres, siempre dispuesta a ayudarme y por los tés que siempre tomábamos en el departamento. Y gracias por corregir mi español! Durante mi estancia en Montpellier también conocí gente maravillosa que será imposible olvidar. “Ma cherie” Julie, gracias por alegrarme mis estancias, por tus risas, por las noches de baile en Francia pero también en Barcelona, por las arepas deliciosas que siempre preparabas y por tener siempre un sitio disponible para mí en el “Hotel Bouniol”. Te echo mucho de menos! Karina, Jerome, Roberto, Alessandra, Elaine, Andres Mauricio, Guti, gracias por vuestra amistad, por las fiestas y los buenos momentos que hemos pasado juntos. Fue un placer haberos conocido. Aceasta teza nu ar fi fost posibila fara ajutorul prietenelor mele din Romania. Alex, Mirela, Roxi si Ana, va multumesc din suflet pentru tot sprijinul moral si emotional acordat in demersul meu de a duce la bun sfarsit acest proiect, pentru momentele placute petrecute impreuna, pentru toate barfulitele si discutiile noastre pe care le tinem regulat in laboratorul 214 cat si in afara lui. Sunteti niste prietene minunate si va iubesc mult de tot! Doina, Iuliana, Susana va multumesc pentru sprijinul vostru neconditionat si pentru momentele placute petrecute impreuna. La fel, sunteti niste prietene minunate si va iubesc mult de tot! As vrea sa multumesc in mod deosebit Doamnei Lucia Moldovan pentru sprijinul acordat pe parcursul ultimilor ani din teza. Sunteti o sefa minunata si va multumesc din tot sufletul pentru tot ce ati facut pentru mine. Multumiri speciale vreau sa adresez familiei mele, in special parintilor mei. Va multumesc din tot sufletul pentru felul in care m-ati crescut, pentru educatia primita, pentru ajutorul neconditionat oferit mereu si pentru libertatea pe care mi-ati dat-o de ami alege singura drumul in viata. Va multumess din suflet pentru tot! Sunteti niste parinti minunati si va iubesc nespus de mult! Vreau sa multumesc de asemenea fratelui meu, nepotelului meu drag pe care-i iubesc nespus de mult si Catalinei, pentru lungile discutii avute, pentru sprijinul acordat in momentele mai delicate si pentru momentele placute petrecute in sanul familiei. Esti ca o sora pentru mine si te iubesc mult de tot! Y al final, el postre negrito. Mi gran Pap, muchas gracias por tu apoyo, tu paciencia y por acompañarme durante la etapa mas bonita y maravillosa de mi vida. A través de tus consejos y bonitas palabras me enseñaste ser mas responsable, que tenga mas confianza en mi misma y crecer como persona. Espero que a través de esta tesis se cumplan parte de tus sueños. Eres lo mas bonito que me ha pasa en mi vida y espero que nuestros caminos nunca se separaran. Dama la beugueu! Gracias! Gràcies! Thank you! Multumesc! CONTENTS RESUMEN.........................................................................................................................................................13 ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................................15 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................19 OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................................................................37 SUPERVISORS’ REPORT..............................................................................................................................43 CHAPTER 1: DIVERSITY OF SEABIRD FEATHER MITES..................................................................49 1.1. Feather mite diversity and community structure in NE Atlantic and Mediterranean seabirds.................................................................................................................................51 1.2. Three new species of the feather mite subfamily Ingrassiinae (Acariformes: Xolalgidae) rom shearwaters and petrels (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae)..................................................................87
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