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The Application of Ibn Khaldun's Theory Of
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 11 (9): 1232-1237, 2012 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2012 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2012.11.09.227010 Ibn Khaldun’s Theory of ‘Asabiyyah and its Application in Modern Muslim Society 1Asyiqin Abdul Halim, 2Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor, 2Ahmad Zaki Berahim Ibrahim and 2Faisal Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid 1Department of Theology and Religion, ERI Building, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom 2Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract: The theory of ‘Asabiyyah propounded by Ibn Khaldun is the centre of his concept of al-‘umrân, which according to him has influenced the rise and fall of certain dynasties or states. This study will examine Ibn Khaldun’s theory of ‘Asabiyyah and the application of this theory within the modern Malaysian Muslim community. Certain dynasties or states were built on the notion of ‘Asabiyyah including Muslim governments in various regions of the world. However, Muslims these days are facing different challenges within this understanding of ‘Asabiyyah. These include integration, disunity within the same group, problems of immorality, criminality, social and internal and external problems. This study implies that addressing the issue of ‘Asabiyyah is a key to find solution to the malaise of the nation. Key words: Ibn Khaldun % Theory of ‘Asabiyyah % Modern Muslim society % Malay community % Nation building INTRODUCTION wanted to uphold and preserve the truth of religion. Groups of reformists and revivalists emerged to oppose Throughout Muslim history, governments have these ruling governments and as a result Muslims grew risen and fallen and been replaced by one after another. -
Human Rights of Women Wearing the Veil in Western Europe
Human Rights of Women Wearing the Veil in Western Europe Research Paper I. Introduction The present paper analyses legislation, policies, and case-law surrounding religious attire in a number of countries in Western Europe and how they affect the human rights of women and girls who wear the veil in Western Europe. It also more broadly analyses discrimination and violence experienced by women wearing the veil in Europe learning from their own voice. Throughout the paper, the terminology ‘veil’ is used to refer to a variety of religious attire worn mostly, but not exclusively, by Muslim women. There are different types of clothing that cover the body. This research is focused on manifestations of veils that are the subject of regulation in several Western European Countries. They include the hijab (a piece of clothing that covers the head and neck, but not the face), niqab (a piece of clothing that covers the face, where only the eyes are visible), burqa (a piece of clothing that covers both the face and eyes), jilbab (a loose piece of clothing that covers the body from head to toe), or abaya, kaftan, kebaya (a loose, often black, full body cover overcoat). The head and body covers are often combined. In several countries, some of these clothing are based on traditional costumes rather than religion and are often worn by rural communities in the countries of origins. The paper also uses the terminology ‘full-face veil’ or ‘face-covering veil’ to refer to both niqab and burqa. Furthermore, it refers to burkini, a swimsuit that covers the body from head to ankles, completed by a dress. -
Inheritance According to the Five Schools of Islamic Law
Published on Books on Islam and Muslims | Al-Islam.org (https://www.al-islam.org) Home > Inheritance according to the Five Schools of Islamic Law Inheritance according to the Five Schools of Islamic Law Volume 7 of 8 Author(s): Allamah Muhammad Jawad Maghniyyah [3] Publisher(s): Islamic Culture and Relations Organisation [4] This work on the Shariah or Islamic Law offers a comparative study of the Divine Law that, according to authentic Islamic doctrines, embodies the Will of God in society. In the Islamic world view, God is the ultimate legislator. The five major schools that are used in the comparison are: Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafi’i, Maliki and Jaf’ari. The present book, vol. 7 of 8, is dedicated to dissecting the intricate ways of Inheritance, the conditions and situations that may occur. The issue is presented according to the five Schools of thought. Category: Sunni & Shi’a [5] General [6] Topic Tags: Inheritance [7] Islamic Laws [8] Miscellaneous information: Inheritance according to the Five Schools of Islamic Law Volume 7 of 8 Muhammad Jawad Maghniyyah Publisher: Department of Translation and Publication, Islamic Culture and Relations Organization, Address: P.O. Box 14155 - 6187 Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran 1st Edition 1417 A. H. (1997) Circulation: 3000 Featured Category: Debates & discussions [9] Resources for Further Research [10] Responses to Misconceptions [11] Rules Concerning the Heritage The Heritage The heritage (al-tarikah) comprises the following things: 1. That which the deceased owned before his death in the form of: a) tangible property, b) debts, c) any pecuniary right, e.g. the right consequent to tahjir (demarcation of ownerless vacant land with an intention of cultivating it), where he intends to cultivate ownerless vacant land and demarcates it by constructing a wall or something of the kind, thus acquiring a right to cultivate it in preference to others; or an option (haqq al-khayar) in a contract of sale; or the right of pre-emption; or the right of retaliation (qisas ) for murder or injury, where he is a guardian of the victim (e.g. -
Outline of Annemarie Schimmel's Deciphering the Signs of God: A
Outline of Annemarie Schimmel’s Deciphering the Signs of God: A Phenomenological Approach to Islam 1 I Sacred Aspects of Nature and Culture 2 Inanimate Nature 2 Stones and rocks 3 Gems 4 Mountains 5 Earth and dust 6 Water 6 Springs and fountains 7 Water of life 7 Ocean, waves and foam 8 Rain 9 Deluge (flood) 9 Rivers 10 Fire 10 Burning Bush on Mount Sinai 11 Candles 11 Lightning and thunder 11 Wind 12 Light 13 Sun 14 Moon 15 Stars 16 Planets 16 Sky 16 Colours 17 Plants and Animals 17 Trees 20 Gardens 20 Plants and flowers 20 Wild rue, roses (gul), violets, tulips 21 Animals 21 Animal skin 22 Pigs and pork 22 Gnats 22 Bees 22 Ants 23 Spiders 23 Moths 23 Cows 23 Lions 24 Cats 24 Dogs 24 Camels 24 Donkeys 25 Horses 25 Buraq (from the Mi’raj) 25 Serpents, snakes and dragons 26 Birds 26 Soul birds 26 Nightingales (bulbul) 26 Falcons 26 Doves 26 Storks 27 Roosters 27 Peacocks 27 Parrots 27 Swans and ganders 27 Hoopoe (hudhud) 28 Crows and ravens 28 Mythical birds (Huma, ‘Anqa, Simurgh) 28 Kindness to animals 28 Eschatological peace (the lion and the lamb) 29 Man-made Objects 29 Swords, weapons and armour 30 Rods and wands 30 Flags and banners 31 Mirrors 33 Idols 33 Coins 33 Paintings and pictures 35 Woven fabrics (tomb-covers) 36 Garments, clothes 37 Ihram (pilgrimage dress) 37 Hijab, Burqa (veil) 38 Headgear (taj, turbans) 39 Garments, robes and hems as a metaphor 41 Notes 47 II Sacred Space and Time 48 Sacred Space 48 Caves 49 Houses 50 Thresholds 50 Doors and gates (bab) 51 High and low seats (throne vs. -
48 Ruitenberg.Pm7
292 How to Do Things with Headscarves How to Do Things with Headscarves: A Discursive and Meta-Discursive Analysis1 Claudia W. Ruitenberg University of British Columbia I thank Sharon Todd for the opportunity to discuss the important topic of sartorial censorship and, more specifically, the censorship of the wearing of khimars, jilbabs, niqabs, chadors, and burqas by Muslim girls and women in educational contexts. I generally agree with Todd’s arguments that gender is not merely an additional feature, but integral to the debate over religious symbols in the public sphere, and that this debate ought to be approached from an understanding of culture as gendered, ambiguous, unstable, and multiple. The focus of my response, therefore, will be the metadiscourse in which Todd’s paper participates: the discourse about the sartorial discourse of Muslim girls and women in educational contexts. Todd considers gender a cultural construct and positions herself in discursive theories of gender put forward by theorists such as Judith Butler. I will stay within that discursive theoretical perspective, and consider the wearing of head, face, and body covers such as the khimar, niqab, and burqa as discursive acts. Where the wearing of clothing and symbols on the body is perhaps not a language in the narrow sense, it certainly is discourse, where discourse is understood as speech, writing, and other semiotic practices that do not merely represent the world, but also produce effects in the world. A law that makes wearing a khimar, burqa, or other form of head, face, or body cover illegal in the context of public schools is thus a law that makes certain discursive acts illegal in the context of public schools: it is a form of censorship in educational contexts. -
U.O.No. 11099/2019/Admn Dated, Calicut University.P.O, 21.08.2019 Biju George K Assistant Registrar Forwarded / by Order Section
File Ref.No.8818/GA - IV - B1/2012/CU UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT Abstract General and Academic - Faculty o f Humanities - Syllabus o f BA Islamic Studies Programme under CBCSS UG Regulations 2019 with effect from 2019 Admission onwards - Implemented- Orders issued G & A - IV - B U.O.No. 11099/2019/Admn Dated, Calicut University.P.O, 21.08.2019 Read:-1. UO. No. 4368/2019/Admn Dated: 23.03.2019 2. Letter No.8818/GA IV B1/2012/CU Dated:15.06.2019. 3. Letter from the Dean, Faculty of Humanities Dated: 01.08.2019. ORDER The Regulations for Choice Based Credit and Semester System for Under Graduate(UG) Curriculum-2019 (CBCSS UG Regulations 2019) for all UG Programmes under CBCSS-Regular and SDE/Private Registration with effect from 2019 Admission onwards has been implemented vide paper read first above. The draft syllabus of BA Islamic Studies Programme, prepared in tune with CBCSS UG Regulation- 2019, by the Chairman, Board of Studies in Islamic Studies, was circulated among the members of the Board of Studies in Islamic Studies vide paper read second above as provided under Calicut University First Statutes -1976. Since,no exception to the same was received from the members, the Dean, Faculty of Humanities approved the draft syllabus BA Islamic Studies Programme, submited by the Chairman, vide paper read third above. Considering the urgency, the Vice Chancellor has accorded sanction to implement the Scheme and Syllabus of BA Islamic Studies Programme in accordance with the new CBCSS UG Regulations 2019, in the University, with effect from 2019 Admission onwards, subject to ratification by the Academic Council. -
Proselytization in Albania by Middle Eastern Islamic Organizations
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2009-03 Proselytization in Albania by Middle Eastern Islamic organizations Kullolli, Arben. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4918 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS PROSELYTIZATION IN ALBANIA BY MIDDLE EASTERN ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONS by Arben Kullolli March 2009 Thesis Co-Advisors: Abbas Kadhim Zachary Shore Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED March 2009 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Proselytization in Albania by Middle Eastern Islamic 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Organizations 6. AUTHOR(S) Arben Kullolli 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
The Healthcare Provider's Guide to Islamic Religious Practices
The Healthcare Provider’s Guide to Islamic Religious Practices About CAIR The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) is the largest American Muslim civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States. Its mission is to enhance understanding of Islam, protect civil rights, promote justice, and empower American Muslims. CAIR-California is the organization’s largest and oldest chapter, with offices in the Greater Los Angeles Area, the Sacramento Valley, San Diego, and the San Francisco Bay Area. According to demographers, Islam is the world’s second largest faith, with more than 1.6 billion adherents worldwide. It is the fastest-growing religion in the U.S., with one of the most diverse and dynamic communities, representing a variety of ethnic backgrounds, languages, and nationalities. Muslims are adding a new factor in the increasingly diverse character of patients in the health care system. The information in this booklet is designed to assist health care providers in developing policies and procedures aimed at the delivery of culturally competent patient care and to serve as a guide for the accommodation of the sincerely-held religious beliefs of some Muslim patients. It is intended as a general outline of religious practices and beliefs; individual applications of these observances may vary. Disclaimer: The materials contained herein are not intended to, and do not constitute legal advice. Readers should not act on the information provided without seeking professional legal counsel. Neither transmission nor receipt of these materials creates an attorney- client relationship between the author and the receiver. The information contained in this booklet is designed to educate healthcare providers about the sincerely-held and/or religiously mandated practices/beliefs of Muslim patients, which will assist providers in delivering culturally competent and effective patient care. -
IHRC Newsletter 2011
Muslim Azerbaijan: Hold on to the Awakening Hijab ban rope of Allah PAGE 6 PAGE 9 PAGE 12 VOLUME 12 - RAMADAN 1432 / AUGUST 2011 In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate THE AIMS OF TURNING TO THE ISLAMIC HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION ALLAH FOR I To champion the rights and duties revealed for human beings. LIBERATION I To promote a new social and international order, based on truth, justice, righteousness and generosity, rather than self-interest. I To demand virtue and oppose wrongdoing in the exercise of power (from whatever base that power derives - e.g. political, judicial, media, economic, military, personal, etc.). I To gather information about, and to publicise, atrocities, oppression, discrimination, and other abuses of divinely-granted rights. I To campaign for redress, and to support the victims of such crimes. I To campaign to Egyptians attend Friday prayers at a rally at Cairo's Tahrir Square during a protest calling for national unity and expressed solidarity bring the with the Palestinians as they mark the Nakba. perpetrators and their accomplices to justice. udyard Kipling later emancipated themselves Muslim political thought. The Arab Spring one nation after famously remarked from the direct clutches of their way its sociopolitical role in another is rising up catching the I To cooperate with in his poem The colonial rulers, their influence Muslim societies has evolved West off guard. Who knew that a other groups and Ballad of East and remained. Imam Zaid Shakir has been shaped by un-Islamic 26 year-old Tunisians individuals where R West: “Oh, East is puts it well in his recent article realities such as colonization and Mohammed Bouazizi's suicide East, and West is ‘Reflections on The Islamic the Cold War, and by un-Islamic would shake up the brutal such cooperation is West, and never the twain shall Legitimacy of the Muslim institutions such as the regimes in the region. -
The Healthcare Provider's Guide to Islamic Religious Practices
The Healthcare Provider’s Guide to Islamic Religious Practices According to demographers, Islam is the world’s second largest faith, with more than 1.6 billion adherents worldwide. It is the fastest-growing religion in the U.S., with one of the most diverse and dynamic communities, representing a variety of ethnic backgrounds, languages, and nationalities. Muslims are adding a new factor in the increasingly diverse character of patients in the health care system. The information in this booklet is designed to assist health care providers in developing policies and procedures aimed at the delivery of culturally competent patient care and to serve as guide for the accommodation of religiously mandated practices of Muslim patients. It is intended as a general outline of religious practices and beliefs; individual applications of these observances may vary. 1 Glossary of Muslim Terms Adhan (ad-HAN): Call to prayer Allah (al-AH): Arabic word for God Eid (EED): A major religious holiday Halal (Hah-LAAL): Permissible by Islamic law Hijab (Hee-JAAB): Clothing Muslim women wear in public; generally loose fitting and includes a head covering Imam (ee-MAAM): Religious leader of a Muslim community Janazah (jeh-NAA-sah): Funeral Jum’ah (JOO-mah): Weekly congregational prayer on Fridays Kufi (KOO-fee): cap worn by some Muslim men Qur’an (Qur-AAN): Islam’s revealed scripture, sometimes spelled Koran Ramadan (RAHM-a-daan): The month of fasting; period marked by abstaining from consumption of food and drink from sunup to sunset and and by increased prayer and charity Tayammum (tey-UHM-mum): ritual cleansing before prayer that does not require water Wudu (WOO-doo): ritual ablution or washing before daily prayer Muslim View of Illness and Treatment Muslims consider illness, like other life events, as a test from God, and often respond with patience and prayers. -
Analysis on the Thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi'i on The
Jurnal Teknologi Full paper Analysis on the Thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi’i on the Ijtihad Method for Sukuk Instrument Mif Rohima,b*, Shereeza Mohamed Saniffa aFaculty of Islamic Civilization, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia bUniversitas Hasyim Asy’ari, Tebuireng, Jombang, Indonesia cCentre for Islamic Development Management Studies (ISDEV), School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia *Corresponding: [email protected] Article history Abstract Received :3 October 2012 The paper aims to analyse the thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi’i on sukuk instruments. Received in revised form: This paper is divided into two parts. The first part presents the need yet destructive forces of globalization 10 April 2013 and free trade era in today’s civilization dominated by a capitalistic system which had inadvertently Accepted :15 April 2013 caused global financial crisis and accelerated the issue on poverty, knowledge deficiency and moral decadence. These destructive forces have led to the rise of the Islamic economy concept, amongst others on the need for sukuk instruments. The discussion focuses on sukuk instrument as sukuk has an important role in free trade to fulfill the increased extraordinary economic needs of Islamic countries as well as to realize the economic needs of the entire world. The second part of the paper then analyses the legal aspects of sukuk being a subject of ongoing debate among the experts of Islamic law that seemingly has a negative tendencies on the development of sukuk. The group that rejects sukuk are influenced by the qiyas (analogical) method of Imam Syafi‘i who assumed that sukuk has the conventional elements of risk (gharar) and gambling (maisir). -
Ibn-I Haldun'da Asabiyet Ile Devlet Ve Mülk Ilişkisi
İBN-İ HALDUN’DA ASABİYET İLE DEVLET VE MÜLK İLİŞKİSİ IBN KHALDUN ON ASABIYYAH AND STATE – PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP PROF.DR. MEHMET KARAGÜL Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Ġktisadi ve Ġdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Ġktisat Bölümü [email protected] ÖZET Toplumların varlıklarını refah ve güven içinde devam ettirebilmeleri, öncelikle kendi içindeki millet olma bilincini geliştirmesi ve bir arada yaşama şuuruna sahip olmasına bağlıdır. Çünkü ortak değerler üretip bunlara göre sosyal, siyasal ve iktisadi hayatlarını düzenleyemeyen, diğer bir ifade ile millet bilincine sahip olamayan toplumların ne tarihte, ne de bugün etkin olabildiklerine şahit olunmamıştır. İslam dünyasının önemli sosyal bilimcilerinde olan İbn-i Haldun, tarihi ve sosyal tahlillerinin geniş bir şekilde yer aldığı Mukaddime adlı eserinde temel değer ve kavram olarak asabiyet düşüncesi üzerinde durmaktadır. Toplumların bir arada yaşaması, devlet kurup güçlü bir iktisadi yapı oluşturabilmelerini sahip oldukları asabiyet düşüncesiyle açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu itibarla bu çalışmada toplumların iktisadi ve siyasi anlamda güçlü bir konuma sahip olabilmelerinde asabiyet fikrinin rolü üzerinde durulacak, bu çerçevede; İbn-i Haldun, asabiyet, devlet ve iktisadi hayat kavramları üzerinde değerlendirmeler yapılıp, bunlar arasındaki ilişki düzeyi irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: İbn-i Haldun, Asabiyet, Devlet, Mülk ABSTRACT The maintenance of the presence of societies within welfare and safety primarily depends on their awareness of being a nation and having a consciousness to live together. The societies that could not produce common values and use it in regulating the social, political, and economic life have not been effective in history so far. Ibn Khaldun, one of the important social scientists in Islamic World, introduced his Asabiyyah theory as a fundamental concept in his book titled Muqaddimah, which includes his social and historical analyses.