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Johann Ludwig Frey, Johannes Grynaeus Und Das Frey-Grynaeische Institut in Basel

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Johann Ludwig Frey, Johannes Grynaeus Und Das Frey-Grynaeische Institut in Basel JOHANN LUDWIG FREY, JOHANNES GRYNAEUS UND DAS FREY-GRYNAEISCHE INSTITUT IN BASEL ZUM ZWEIHUNDERTJÄHRIGEN JUBILÄUM DES INSTITUTS VERFASST VON ERNST STAEHELIN PROFESSOR AN DER UNIVERSITÄT BASEL LEKTOR DES FREY-GRYNAEISCHEN INSTITUTS REKTORATSPROGRAMM DER UNIVERSITÄT BASEL FÜR DAS JAHR 1947 BASEL 1947 BUCHDRUCKEREI FRIEDRICH R~INHARDT AG. Vorwort Am 1. März 194 7 werden es zweihundert Jahre her sein, daß Johann Ludwig Frey die Stiftungsurkunde des Frey­ Grynaeischen Institutes ausgefertigt hat. Zu diesem Anlaß ist die vorliegende Jubiläumsschrift verfaßt worden. Bei ihrer Ausarbeitung durfte ich von allen Seiten, die ich um wissenschaftliche Mithilfe und Auskunft anging, das bereitwilligste Entgegenkommen erfahren. Besondern Dank schulde ich den Herren Dr. Rudolf Bernoulli und Dr. Max Burckhardt auf der Universitätsbibliothek und Dr. August Burckhardt auf dem Staatsarchiv. Ebenso bin ich zu großem Dank verpflichtet der Regenz der Universität Basel, daß sie die Festgabe als Rektoratspro­ gramm angenommen, sowie der Freiwilligen Akademischen Gesellschaft, daß sie an die Druckkosten einen wertvollen Bei­ trag gespendet hat. Welches auch die Entwicklung des Frey-Grynaeischen In­ stituts im dritten Jahrhundert seines Bestehens sein mag, es sei über sie das Gebetswort geschrieben, mit dem Jakob Chri­ stoph Beck am 18. April 1760 die Gedächtnisfeier für Johann Ludwig Frey geschlossen hat: dnstitutum Freyio-Grynaeanum tuo nomine coeptum fac ut egregios fructus ferat, eumque in finem tuo auxilio docenti pariter et discentibus adesse perge!» Basel, im Januar 1947. Ernst Staehelin. lnhal tsverzeichnis Seite I. Kapitel: Johann Ludwig Frey 9 1. Die Vorfahren 9 2. Kindheit und Lehrjahre 15 3. Das Iter literarium . 23 4. Privatdozent an der Universität Basel 33 5. Pfarrer in Kleinhüningen 37 6. Ordentlicher Professor für Geschichte und außerordentlicher Professor für Theologie . 39 7. Freys Theologie nach den Abhandlungen «De officio doctoris Christiani» 44 8. Weitere wissenschaftliche Arbeiten und gelehrte Angelegen- heiten in der Zeit von 1711 bis 1737 50 9. Beteiligung an kirchlichen Entecheidungen in der Zeit von 1711bis1737 . 59 10. Ordentlicher Professor für Altes Testament 83 11. Gelehrte Arbeiten und Begegnungen mit Kollektanten und Konvertiten in der Zeit von 1737 bis 1759 . 88 12. Beteiligung an kirchlichen Entscheidungen in der Zeit von 1737 bis 1759 . 93 13. Krankheit und Tod 98 II. Kapitel: Johannes Grynaeus 100 1. Die Vorfahren 100 2. Lebensgang bis zum Abschluß des juristischen Studiums 102 3. Uebergang zur Theologie 104 4. Professor der Loci communes et controversiae theologicae' 108 5. Professor für Neues Testament . 113 6. Krankheit und Tod 115 III. Kapitel: Die Stiftung des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts 116 1. Die Stiftungsurkunden 116 2. Die Bibliothek 124 3. Die übrigen Bestandteile der Freyschen Hinterlassenschaft 128 4. Das Gebäude „ 129 6 IV. Kapitel: Die Lektoren des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts 135 1. Jakob Christoph Beck 135 2. Johann Rudolf Buxtorf 143 3. Karl Rudolf Hagenbach 152 4. Emil Kautzsch 166 5. Rudolf Stähelin 169 6. Paul W·ernle . 172 7. Das Lektorat in der Zeit von 1936 bis 1947 . 178 Anhänge: 1. Verzeichnis der Manuskripte des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts 182 2. Verzeichnis der dem. Frey-Grynaeischen Institut gehörenden Kunstwerke und historisch bedeutsamen Gegenstände . 196 3. Verzeichnis der wichtigsten Quellen und Darstellungen, die für diese Abhandlung benutzt wurden, samt Angabe etwaiger für sie verwendeter Abkürzungen . 203 4. Register der erwähnten Personen und Orte 208 Verzeichnis der Abbildungen 1. Johann Jakob Frey (1606-1636), der Urgroßyater des Stifters Johann Ludwig Frey; Oelgemälde in der Alten Aula. 2. Titelblatt der von Johann Jakob Frey nach Basel mitgebrachten zwei­ ten Folio-Ausgabe der Werk.e William Shakespeares; das Werk befin­ det sich im Besitze des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts. 3. Ein Mann im Alter von 26 Jahren, gemalt 1650, wahrs<Jheinlich Lukas Gernler (1625-1675), der Großvater des Stifters Johann Ludwig Frey (vgl. Abbildung 4); Oelgemälde von Johann Rudolf Werenfels. im Frey­ Grynaeischen Institut. 4. Antistes Lukas Gernler (1625-1675), der Großvater des Stifters Johann Ludwig Frey; nach einem von Johann Rudolf Werenfels ge­ malten Bildnis in Kupfer gestochen von Johann Jakob Thurneys·en; im Besitz der Oeffentlichen Bibliothek der Universität Basel. 5. Johann Ludwig Frey (1682-1759), der Stifter des Frey-GrynaeiS<Jhen Instituts; Oelgemälde von G. Brücker aus dem Jahre 1739 im Frey-Gry­ naeischen Institut. 6. Johannes Grynaeus (1705-1744), der Mitstifter des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts; Oelgemälde von G. Brucker im Frey-Grynaeischen Institut. 7. Prunkeinband der fünfbändigen Basler Ausgabe der Werke Galens von 1538; die Ausgabe befindet sich im Besitze des Frey-Grynaeis<Jhen In­ stituts. 8. Karte von Großbritannien und Irland; herausgegeben 151fi von George Lily u. a. in Rom; im Besitze des Frey-GrynaeiS<Jhen Instituts. 9. Prunktisch aus der Werkstatt des Franz Pergo; Ende des 16. Jahrhun­ derts; bis 1936 im Besitze des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts, seither in demjenigen des Historischen Museums zu Basel. 10. Die spätere Freysche Liegenschaft am Leonhardsgraben und das _spä• tere Frey-Grynaeische Institut am Heuberg auf dem von Matthäus Merian 1615 gestochenen Plan der Stadt Basel; der Plan befindet sich im Besitz des Staatsarchivs Basel. 11. Karl Rudolf Hagenbach (1801-1874), der dritte Lektor des Frey-Gry­ naeis<Jhen Instituts; Lithographie in der Oeffentlichen Bibliothek der Universität Basel. 12. Emil Kautzsch (1841-1910), der vierte Lektor des Frey-GrynaeiS<Jhen Instituts; Photographie im Frey-Grynaeis~hen Institut am Heuberg. 8 13. Rudolf Stähelin (1841-1900), der fünfte Lektor des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts; Photographie im Frey-Grynaeischen Institut am Heuberg. 14. Paul Wernle (1872-1939), der sechste Lektor des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts; Photographie in der Oeffentlichen Bibliothek der Universität Basel. 15. Das Frey-Grynaeische Institut nach der Renovation von 1936; nach Rudolf Riggenbach: Die Stifterbildnisse des Frey-Grynaeischen Insti­ tuts, 1939, S. 19. 16. Die Bibliothek des Frey-Grynaeischen Instituts nach der Renovation von 1936; nach Rudolf Riggenbach a. a. 0., S. 21. Erstes Kapitel Johann Ludwig Frey 1. Die Vorfahren. Als der Basler Reform~tor Johannes Oekolampad im Jahre 1529 zum Religionsgespräch nach Marburg reiste, begleitete ihn im Namen des Basler Rates der Gewandmann, Meister der Zunft zum Schlüsse1 und Ratsherr Johann Rudolf Frey (1475 bis 1550). Frey war der Sohn des am Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts aus dem aargauischen Mellingen in Basel eingewanderten J o­ hann Friedrich Frey und hatte im Jahre 1501 das Basler Bür• gerrecht erworben. In der Folgezeit finden wir ihn als Bann­ herrn, d. h. Aeltesten, der Petersgemeinde, als Eherichter, als Hauptmann des Basler Kontingentes im zweiten Kappelerkrieg, als Mitglied des über das Schul- und Kirchenwesen gesetzten Deputatenkollegiums. Er darf ohne Zweifel als eine der bedeu­ tendsten Persönlichkeiten der Basler Reformationsgeschichte angesprochen werden 1 • Einer seiner Enkel war der Würzkrämer David Frey (1531-1578). Von dessen Söhnen hat der jüngere, Johann Ul­ rich (1571-1634), die Linie begründet, die im 17. und 18. J t "­ hundert der Krone Frankreichs eine stattliche Zahl hoh~.i· Offiziere geliefert hat, und aus der im 19. Jahrhundert Dr. Re­ migius Emil Frey (1803-1889), einer der Väter des Kantons Baselland, und dessen Sohn, Bundesrat Emil Frey (1838 bis 1922), hervorgegangeh sind. Der ältere Sohn, Johann Jak9b Frey (1561-1623), war mit Sibylla Pantaleon, der Tochter des Mediziners und Historikers Heinrich Pantaleon, verheiratet. Sein Enkel Johann Jakob Frey (1606-1636) verbrachte mehrere Jahre als Erzieher von 1 Vgl. über ihn: Ernst Staehelin: Briefe und Akten zum Leben Oeko­ lampads, 2. Bd„ 1934, passim. Ueber die Familie Frey im allgemeinen vgl. 1. Leichenreden, 2. Leu, 3. HBLS, 4. Schw~izerisches Geschlechterbuch, Jhg. 5, 1933, s. 226 ff. 10 Richard Boyle, dem Sohn des großen irischen Staatsmannes Richard Boyle, Earls of Cork, in Irland, England und ver­ schiedenen Ländern des europäischen Kontinents und wurde 1630 in London zum Diakon der anglikanischen Kirche ge­ weiht. Im Juli 1635 übernahm er in seiner Vaterstadt Basel die Professur für griechische Sprache. Bald darauf wurde er vom anglikanischen Erzbischof Jakob U ssher von Armagh in das Amt eines Deans von Armagh berufen. Doch bevor er die Uebersiedelung nach Irland ausführen konnte, wurde er, am 26. August 1636, von einer Krankheit dahingerafft, ebenso be­ trauert von seiner Vaterstadt wie von seinen Freunden in Eng­ land und Irland 2 • Am 11. Dezember 1636 gebar ihm seine Witwe einen Sohn 3 ; er erhielt den Namen des Vaters, Johann Jakob, und folgte ihm auch in seinem Berufe, indem er das Studium der Theo­ logie ergriff. 1655 wurde er ins Ministerium der Basler Kirche aufgenommen und trat «im September gedachten Jahres seine Peregrinationem literariam in Gottes Namen an». Sie führte ihn mit einigen Kameraden auf einem «Excurs durch die gantze Schweitz» zunächst nach Genf. Nachdem er sich vier Monate in der Calvinstadt aufgehalten hatte, zog er nach Paris und Saumur; in Saumur hörte er die Vertreter einer von der refor­ mierten Orthodoxie abweichenden Theologie, Ludwig Cappel­ lus, Moses Amyraldus und .J osue Placaeus. Von Frankreich suchte er Oxford auf und verkehrte dort u. a. mit Brian Walton, dem Schöpfer der gewaltigen Londoner Polyglotte. Den Rück• weg nahm er über Holland und Friesland; in Leyden besuchte er den Vertreter der
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