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Turning Pain Into Power: Traffi Cking Survivors’ Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies

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Turning Pain Into Power: Traffi Cking Survivors’ Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies Turning Pain into Power: Traffi cking Survivors’ Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies Produced by the The contents of this publication may be adapted and reprinted with the following acknowledgement: “This material was adapted from the Family Violence Prevention Fund publication entitled Turning Pain into Power: Trafficking Survivors’ Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies.” Family Violence Prevention Fund 383 Rhode Island Street, Suite 304 San Francisco, CA 94103-5133 TEL: 415.252.8900 TTY: 800.595.4889 FAX: 415.252.8991 www.endabuse.org [email protected] ©2005 Family Violence Prevention Fund. All Rights Reserved. Turning Pain into Power: Trafficking Survivors’ Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies Family Violence Prevention Fund In Partnership with the World Childhood Foundation October 2005 AssessingTurning the PainNeeds into of Power:Trafficked Trafficking Young Women Survivors’ and Perspectives Children:Health ResponseWhat on Earlyis the Intervention RoleTrafficking of Health Strategies Report Care? Acknowledgments The Family Violence Prevention Fund (FVPF) is extremely grateful to all the people who made this project possible. In particular, the FVPF extends deep gratitude to all the survivors of human trafficking who courageously shared their experiences with us. We are honored to learn from their stories and hope that their experiences continue to inform and direct future public policy, intervention strategies, and prevention efforts. Likewise, we thank the advocates and activists who work tirelessly to empower these women and children to regain their lives completely. The Advisory Committee members who gave their input and expertise to this project were invaluable. Their pioneering work in the field of anti-human trafficking and dedication to helping survivors restore their well-being have enriched and informed this research from its inception. Their names are listed below: ELIZABETH SY REBECCA WHITEMAN Asian Pacific Islander Wellness Center Family Violence Prevention Fund J. ORCHID PUSEY AND GITA KATHLEEN KIM, JD MEHROTRA Lawyer’s Committee for Civil Rights of the Asian Women’s Shelter San Francisco Bay Area NAMJU CHO, MPP NALINI SHEKAR Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking Maitri & Next Door Solutions to Domestic (CAST) Violence LENI MARIN JANE A. MARGOLD, PH.D. Family Violence Prevention Fund Ariste Research Group MARISSA DAGDAGAN Family Violence Prevention Fund Special thanks to Namju Cho and Erica Tumbaga from CAST for securing and conducting several of the interviews. Representing the only national organization dedicated to providing comprehensive services for trafficked persons, their expertise was critical to insuring that a variety of voices were represented in the research. We are grateful to Natalia Parra and Danuta Przadka of Tapestri, Inc. in Atlanta, GA for their time and efforts securing several interviews for this project. Tapestri, Inc. continues to be a model for providing direct services to human trafficking survivors through collaboration and community organizing. Deepest appreciation goes to Jane A. Margold, Ph.D., the prinicpal author of this report. Her rich theoretical background in migration studies and human trafficking were critical Family Violence Prevention Fund to analyzing the data and developing recommendations. Special thanks to Rebecca Whiteman for her unwavering guidance on this project. This project would not have happened without her dedication and vision. Deep gratitude goes to Marissa Dagdagan for her dedication and leadership on this project. She conducted the majority of the interviews, wrote portions of this paper, and shepherded this project to completion. Many thanks to Elizabeth Bernstein for her technical editing and writing skills. Her writing experience and expertise, especially on the issue of violence against women and children, were crucial to the production of this paper. Many thanks to Marc Schmitter of Schmitter Design for composition of this report and Ron Benza of Benza Gruggen Buckley for the printing and typesetting of this publication. The generous contributions of the World Childhood Foundation have made this groundbreaking research possible. Thank you for your support and dedication to improving the lives trafficked women and children. Special thanks go to Charlotte Brandin, Execurive Director of World Childhood Foundation, USA, for her guidance and wisdom. LENI MARIN Managing Director Family Violence Prevention Fund March 2005 AssessingTurning the PainNeeds into of Power:Trafficked Trafficking Young Women Survivors’ and Perspectives Children:Health ResponseWhat on Earlyis the Intervention RoleTrafficking of Health Strategies Report Care? 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................2 Background on Trafficking .............................................................................................5 Definitions and Terminology ....................................................................................5 Scope of the Problem ................................................................................................6 Why is Trafficking a Health Care Issue? .........................................................................8 Research Methodology ..................................................................................................10 Sample Size .............................................................................................................11 Demographics .........................................................................................................11 Findings .......................................................................................................................13 Background on the Model of Health Care Practitioners as Interveners .....................13 The Study’s Hypothesis ...........................................................................................14 Other Barriers to Intervention in the Health Care Setting .......................................15 Children as Trafficking Victims ...............................................................................16 Conditions of Captivity ...........................................................................................17 Tactics of Traffickers ................................................................................................18 General Barriers to Health Care Accessibility ..........................................................19 Other Points of Intervention: If Not Health Care, Then Where? .............................21 Additional Findings ................................................................................................23 General Recommendations ...........................................................................................24 Health Care Rights as Human Rights ..........................................................................29 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................30 Appendix: Sample Survivor Stories ...............................................................................31 2 Family Violence Prevention Fund Executive Summary As I learned more about trafficking, I realized in retrospect, I saw folks who were trafficked [in my practice] and I didn’t know to identify them as such. I saw situations with “mail order brides” and their husbands or overbearing employers that refused to leave the exam room, answering questions for the patients. When I learned more about trafficking, it seemed clear that this is another source of adverse lifetime experiences that we [health care providers] have an obligation to help in the same way we help child abuse and domestic violence victims. David McCollum, MD, Chair of the American Medical Association’s National Advisory Council on Violence and Abuse (March 2005) The study described here is timely and groundbreaking. As Dr. McCollum’s remarks indicate, there is a growing understanding that health-care providers can and must play an intervening role in the lives of trafficked women and children. At the time of this report’s publication, further evidence has been provided by the development of anti- trafficking toolkits for health-care personnel by the United States Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families. These materials, which are intended to help health-care providers identify and screen trafficking victims, are strikingly similar to toolkits developed for domestic violence victims over the last decade by the Family Violence Prevention Fund. However, it must be noted that—until now— there has been scant research that supports the notion that trafficking victims even have the ability to access health care providers. During the last decade, the health care community has improved its response to victims of domestic violence as a result of concerted efforts to increase awareness of societal violence against women. Domestic assault is beginning to be perceived as a public health issue and health care practitioners have begun to screen their patients for signs of abuse and offer them treatment and support. Building upon the work of domestic violence advocates in the field of health care, this research was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that the health care system might be an ideal place to focus education and intervention efforts on victims of slavery. Human trafficking is without question a health
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