DOCSLIB.ORG

Sea Snake Full Information and Interesting Facts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sea Snake Full Information and Interesting Facts Sea Snake full information and interesting facts Sea snake, also known as Hydrophina. These snakes spend most of their life living in the water. His body is adapted to live in water. They cannot live on Earth, although some species of snakes living in water can also live on land. These snakes have a flat tail which helps them to swim. Snakes living in the sea are found in the warm aquatic areas of the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. From a genetic perspective, this snake is related to the snakes of Australia. Sea Snake Venom These snakes are very poisonous. The poison of some of these snakes is 1000 times more deadly than the cobra snake. Sea snake bites kill fewer people because this snake is a sea creature, so these snakes less face the humans. And the second reason is that the mouth of these snakes is small. It is enough to bite the fish but not enough to bite humans. If these snakes face humans then it runs away. They do this because most snakes are shy if a sea snake bites the poison does not flow. But scientists say this is how these snakes are. Sea Snake Breathing Like all snakes, these snakes also have large lungs, for which they have to come up on the sea surface to breathe. Due to their large lungs, these snakes can hold their breath for a long time and remain seated at the bottom of the sea. These snakes can breathe underwater from their skin in some quantity, which increases their breathing capacity more. Sea Snake Species Belcher’s Sea Snake – This snake is mainly found in Northern Australia and East Asia. It is the most poisonous snake in the world, whose few milligrams of poison drops can kill 1000 people. Even though this snake is the most poisonous snake in the world, due to being in the water, it is less dangerous for humans. Therefore despite being the most poisonous snake, the Inland Taipan is considered the most poisonous snake on the surface. Yellow-bellied sea snake – This snake is found in tropical seas around the world except for the Atlantic Ocean. It is considered the most poisonous snake of the genus Hydrophiinae. It was kept for many years in the monotypic group. But recent testing has revealed that this snake Jenus falls within the Hydrophis. As the name suggests, this snake is yellow at the bottom and black at the top and there are some yellow spots on the top as well. Like other snakes, this snake also lives its entire life in water. This snake supplies 33% oxygen from its skin on the surface of the water. These snakes filter the salt from the water with their jaws but it is of no use to them because sea snakes drink only freshwater. Yellow-lipped sea krait – this poisonous snake found in the tropical Indo Pacific Sea. It has a black-colored stripe on its upper and a petal-like tail that helps it to swim. It’s spent most of its time in the water for hunting. It contains neurotoxic venom, which makes it easy to hunt eels and small fish. It is often encountered by humans on the surface of the ground. But this snake is not aggressive, it only attacks when it feels itself in danger. Aipysurus laevis (Olive sea snakes) Olive sea snakes use a paddle-like tail to swim. This snake appears brown and purple from the top and white from the bottom. It is usually 1 meter. In some cases, it is also 2 meters. It can be aggressive for hunting but only work matters for divers and large prey. The main prey of this snake is osprey and shark. Habitat Sea snakes are mostly found in the warm tropical region of the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific Ocean, with some species also found in Oceania. Behavior Most sea snakes do not like to bite, but if they are provoked, they bite for protection. Many times sea snakes also get caught in the fisherman's net. If they go near the snake in such a situation then it can bite. sea Snakes are very poisonous. if faced with them, keep a distance. These snakes are more aggressive on the ground and unable to place kundali. Reproduction Sea snakes are born mostly in water and live their entire life in water. There are five species of sea snakes that lay their eggs on the ground and then return to the water. For More Articles Visit - www.toxicsnake.com.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphology, Reproduction and Diet of the Greater Sea Snake, Hydrophis Major (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae)
    Coral Reefs https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01833-5 REPORT Morphology, reproduction and diet of the greater sea snake, Hydrophis major (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) 1 1 2 R. Shine • T. Shine • C. Goiran Received: 5 January 2019 / Accepted: 9 June 2019 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Although widespread, the large Hydrophiinae relatives in some respects, other characteristics (such as sea snake Hydrophis major is poorly known ecologically. scale rugosity, low proportion of juveniles in collections, We dissected 119 preserved specimens in museum col- frequent production of small litters of large offspring) may lections to quantify body sizes and proportions, sexual reflect adaptation to marine habitats. dimorphism, reproductive biology and diet. The sexes mature at similar snout–vent lengths (SVLs, about 75 cm) Keywords Dietary specialisation Á Disteira major Á and attain similar maximum sizes (females 123 cm vs. Elapidae Á Life-history Á Olive-headed sea snake Á Trophic males 122 cm SVL), but females in our sample exhibited ecology larger mean sizes than did males (means 98.8 vs. 93.1 cm SVL). The adult sex ratio in museum specimens was highly female-biased (64:30), and the high proportion of repro- Introduction ductive females during the austral summer suggests annual reproduction. At the same SVL, females had shorter tails Rates of speciation are higher in the viviparous sea snakes and wider bodies than did males, but sex differences in (Hydrophiinae) than in any other extant group of reptiles. other body proportions (e.g. tail shape, head dimensions, In particular, one clade of sea snakes—the Hydrophis eye diameter) were minimal.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Protected Species Identification Guide
    Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Marine protected species identification guide June 2021 Fisheries Occasional Publication No. 129, June 2021. Prepared by K. Travaille and M. Hourston Cover: Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Photo: Matthew Pember. Illustrations © R.Swainston/www.anima.net.au Bird images donated by Important disclaimer The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Gordon Stephenson House 140 William Street PERTH WA 6000 Telephone: (08) 6551 4444 Website: dpird.wa.gov.au ABN: 18 951 343 745 ISSN: 1447 - 2058 (Print) ISBN: 978-1-877098-22-2 (Print) ISSN: 2206 - 0928 (Online) ISBN: 978-1-877098-23-9 (Online) Copyright © State of Western Australia (Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development), 2021. ii Marine protected species ID guide Contents About this guide �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Protected species legislation and international agreements 3 Reporting interactions ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Marine mammals �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 Relative size of cetaceans �������������������������������������������������������������������������5
    [Show full text]
  • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm
    Species 2014 Annual ReportSpecies the Species of 2014 Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme Species ISSUE 56 2014 Annual Report of the Species Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme • 2014 Spotlight on High-level Interventions IUCN SSC • IUCN Red List at 50 • Specialist Group Reports Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis), Endangered. © Martin Harvey Muhammad Yazid Muhammad © Amazing Species: Bleeding Toad The Bleeding Toad, Leptophryne cruentata, is listed as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. It is endemic to West Java, Indonesia, specifically around Mount Gede, Mount Pangaro and south of Sukabumi. The Bleeding Toad’s scientific name, cruentata, is from the Latin word meaning “bleeding” because of the frog’s overall reddish-purple appearance and blood-red and yellow marbling on its back. Geographical range The population declined drastically after the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. It is Knowledge believed that other declining factors may be habitat alteration, loss, and fragmentation. Experts Although the lethal chytrid fungus, responsible for devastating declines (and possible Get Involved extinctions) in amphibian populations globally, has not been recorded in this area, the sudden decline in a creekside population is reminiscent of declines in similar amphibian species due to the presence of this pathogen. Only one individual Bleeding Toad was sighted from 1990 to 2003. Part of the range of Bleeding Toad is located in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Future conservation actions should include population surveys and possible captive breeding plans. The production of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is made possible through the IUCN Red List Partnership.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Re Report Title
    ASSESSMENT OF CORAL REEF BIODIVERSITY IN THE CORAL SEA Edgar GJ, Ceccarelli DM, Stuart-Smith RD March 2015 Report for the Department of Environment Citation Edgar GJ, Ceccarelli DM, Stuart-Smith RD, (2015) Reef Life Survey Assessment of Coral Reef Biodiversity in the Coral Sea. Report for the Department of the Environment. The Reef Life Survey Foundation Inc. and Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies. Copyright and disclaimer © 2015 RLSF To the extent permitted by law, all rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of RLSF. Important disclaimer RLSF advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, RLSF (including its employees and consultants) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it. Cover Image: Wreck Reef, Rick Stuart-Smith Back image: Cato Reef, Rick Stuart-Smith Catalogue in publishing details ISBN ……. printed version ISBN ……. web version Chilcott Island Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ iv Executive summary........................................................................................................................................ v 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Code of Practice Captive Reptile and Amphibian Husbandry Nature Conservation Act 1992
    Code of Practice Captive Reptile and Amphibian Husbandry Nature Conservation Act 1992 ♥ The State of Queensland, Department of Environment and Science, 2020 Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without prior written permission of the Department of Environment and Science. Requests for permission should be addressed to Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 2454 Brisbane QLD 4001. Author: Department of Environment and Science Email: [email protected] Approved in accordance with section 174A of the Nature Conservation Act 1992. Acknowledgments: The Department of Environment and Science (DES) has prepared this code in consultation with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry and recreational reptile and amphibian user groups in Queensland. Human Rights compatibility The Department of Environment and Science is committed to respecting, protecting and promoting human rights. Under the Human Rights Act 2019, the department has an obligation to act and make decisions in a way that is compatible with human rights and, when making a decision, to give proper consideration to human rights. When acting or making a decision under this code of practice, officers must comply with that obligation (refer to Comply with Human Rights Act). References referred to in this code- Bustard, H.R. (1970) Australian lizards. Collins, Sydney. Cann, J. (1978) Turtles of Australia. Angus and Robertson, Australia. Cogger, H.G. (2018) Reptiles and amphibians of Australia. Revised 7th Edition, CSIRO Publishing. Plough, F. (1991) Recommendations for the care of amphibians and reptiles in academic institutions. National Academy Press: Vol.33, No.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix O. EPBC Act Protected Matters Database Searches
    Appendix O. EPBC Act Protected Matters database searches EPBC Act Protected Matters Report This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected. Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report. Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details. Report created: 04/03/17 12:36:08 Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010 Coordinates Buffer: 1.0Km Summary Matters of National Environmental Significance This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance. World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International Importance: None Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Area: 2 Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: None Listed Threatened Species: 18 Listed Migratory Species: 29 Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservation Status of Marine Elapid Snakes
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8(1): 37 – 52. Submitted:1 August 2012; Accepted: 7 January 2013; Published: 30 April 2013. FASCINATING AND FORGOTTEN: THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF MARINE ELAPID SNAKES 1,2 3,4 5 CRISTIANE T. ELFES SUZANNE R. LIVINGSTONE , AMANDA LANE , VIMOKSALEHI 6,7 8 9 10 LUKOSCHE , KATE L. SANDERS , ANTHONY J. COURTNEY , JOEY L. GATUS , MICHAEL 11 12 13 14 15 GUINEA , AARON S. LOBO , DAVID MILTON , ARNE R. RASMUSSEN , MARK READ , 16 17 18 19 MAHREE-DEE WHITE , JONNELL SANCIANGCO , ANGEL ALCALA , HAROLD HEATWOLE , 20 20 21 4 DARYL R. KARNS , JEFFREY A. SEMINOFF , HAROLD K. VORIS , KENT E. CARPENTER , 21, 22 JOHN C. MURPHY 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA 2IUCN Global Species Programme/Conservation International, Biodiversity Assessment Unit, 2011 Crystal Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22202, USA 3Department of Ecology and Environmental Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G128QQ 4IUCN Global Species Programme/Global Marine Species Assessment, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk Virginia 23529, USA 5Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 6Present address: ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 7Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA 8School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide,
    [Show full text]
  • Status of the World's Sea Snakes IUCN Red List Assessment
    Status of the World’s Sea Snakes IUCN Red List Assessment Final Report August 2009 IUCN Global Red List Assessment of Sea Snakes Workshop: 11‐14th February 2009 Brisbane, Australia Contact: Suzanne R Livingstone, PhD, Global Marine Species Assessment Email: [email protected] OR [email protected] Website: http://www.sci.odu.edu/gmsa/ 1. Contents Page 1. Contents 2 2. Acknowledgments 3 3. Project Rationale 3 4. Background 4 4.1. The Red List of Threatened Species 4 4.2. Global Marine Species Assessment 5 5. Methods 5 5.1. Data collection and IUCN Red List assessment process 5 5.2 IUCN Red List Categories 6 6. Results and Discussion 7 6.1. Sea snakes 7 6.2. Homalopsids 8 7. Conclusions 9 8. Reporting and outcomes 10 8.1. Results on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 10 8.2. Peer‐reviewed publications 10 8.3. Nominations for Australia’s EPBC Act 11 8.4. Creation of the IUCN Sea Snake Specialist Group 12 9. References 13 10. Appendices Appendix 1 ‐ workshop participants 14 Appendix 2 ‐ IUCN staff and project partners 15 Appendix 3 ‐ Sea snake species list and Red List Category 16 Appendix 4 ‐ Homalopsid snake species and Red List Category 18 2 2. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr Colin Limpus (Australian Government Environmental Protection Agency) and the International Sea Turtle Symposium committee for logistical and organizational support for the workshop. Special thanks to Jenny Chapman (EPA) and Chloe Schauble (ISTS). Thank you also to Dr Gordon Guymer (Chief Botanist – Director of Herbarium) for accommodating us at the Herbarium in the Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna of Australia 2A
    FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 36. FAMILY HYDROPHIIDAE Harold Heatwole & Harold G. Cogger 36. FAMILY HYDROPHIIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION The family Hydrophiidae, or true sea snakes, includes the majority of marine serpents and is the most completely marine of all extant reptilian taxa. Reptiles of other marine groups either lay their eggs on land (marine turtles, laticaudid snakes) or have freshwater or terrestrial species in addition to marine ones (acrochordids, colubrids, crocodilians). The Hydrophiidae never come out on land voluntarily and all live in salty water except two lake-locked species that have a marine origin. The family is characterised by several features that reflect their adaptation to a marine environment. These include valvular nostrils, a lingual fossa and a vertically compressed, paddle-shaped tail; all species are viviparous (Cogger 1992). There are two subfamilies in Australian waters, the Ephalophiinae which comprises five genera and 11 species and the Hydrophiinae containing seven genera and 20 species. Books dealing with the general biology of sea snakes include Dunson (1975a) and Heatwole (1987) and there are a number of review papers (Pickwell 1972; Heatwole 1977a, 1977c, 1978a; Cogger & Heatwole 1978; Minton & Heatwole 1978; Limpus 1987). Cantor (1841) and Bergman (1949, 1962) described the anatomy and/or presented meristic data. Hibbard (1975) reviewed their sensory perception. Vigle & Heatwole (1978) and Culotta & Pickwell (1993) compiled bibliographies on the Hydrophiidae. The Australian species have been reviewed (Cogger 1992) and catalogued (Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983), and faunas of Australian regions treated (Shuntov 1971; Dunson 1975b; Heatwole 1975c, 1977d; Limpus 1975b; Minton & Heatwole 1975; Redfield, Holmes & Holmes 1978).
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Key Species Groups in the East Marine Region
    Australian Museum Description of Key Species Groups in the East Marine Region Final Report – September 2007 1 Table of Contents Acronyms........................................................................................................................................ 3 List of Images ................................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 6 2 Corals (Scleractinia)............................................................................................................ 12 3 Crustacea ............................................................................................................................. 24 4 Demersal Teleost Fish ........................................................................................................ 54 5 Echinodermata..................................................................................................................... 66 6 Marine Snakes ..................................................................................................................... 80 7 Marine Turtles...................................................................................................................... 95 8 Molluscs ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Code of Practice Captive Reptile and Amphibian Husbandry
    Department of Environment and Heritage Protection Code of Practice Wildlife management Captive reptile and amphibian husbandry Captive reptile and amphibian husbandry Nature Conservation Act 1992 Page 1 of 45 • 121220 Department of Environment and Heritage Protection www.ehp.qld.gov.au ABN 46 640 294 485 Code of Pactice Captive reptile and amphibian husbandry Table of Content 1. About this code ........................................................................................................................5 2. Reptiles and amphibians of Queensland ................................................................................6 3. Definitions................................................................................................................................. 6 4. Aims of herpetology .................................................................................................................6 5. Purpose of code .......................................................................................................................7 6. Acquisition of reptiles and amphibians ..................................................................................7 7. Selling and giving away reptiles and amphibians ..................................................................8 8. Take from the wild ....................................................................................................................8 9. Repatriation of the progeny of wild-caught amphibians .......................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • The in Vitro Neuromuscular Activity of Indo-Pacific Sea
    Toxicon 44 (2004) 193–200 www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon The in vitro neuromuscular activity of Indo-Pacific sea-snake venoms: efficacy of two commercially available antivenoms Navinisha Chettya, Amanda Dua, Wayne C. Hodgsona,*, Ken Winkelb, Bryan G. Fryb aMonash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia bAustralian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia Received 7 October 2003; revised 15 February 2004; accepted 20 May 2004 Available online 20 June 2004 Abstract We examined the neurotoxicity of the following sea snake venoms: Enhydrina schistosa (geographical variants from Weipa and Malaysia), Lapemis curtus (Weipa and Malaysia), Laticauda colubrina, Aipysurus laevis, Aipysurus fuscus and Aipysurus foliosquamatus. Venom from a terrestrial snake, Notechis scutatus (tiger snake), was used as a reference. All venoms (1 and 3 mg/ml) abolished indirect twitches of the chick biventer cervicis muscle and significantly inhibited responses to ACh (1 mM) and CCh (20 mM), but not KCl (40 mM), indicating the presence of post-synaptic toxins. Prior administration (10 min) of CSL sea snake antivenom (1 unit/ml) attenuated the twitch blockade produced by N. scutatus venom and all sea snake venoms (1 mg/ml). Prior administration (10 min) of CSL tiger snake antivenom (1 unit/ml) attenuated the twitch blockade of all venoms except those produced by E. schistosa (Malaysia and Weipa) and A. foliosquamatus. Administration of CSL sea snake antivenom (1 unit/ml) at t90 (i.e. time at which 90% inhibition of initial twitch height occurred) reversed the inhibition of twitches (20–50%) produced by the sea snake venoms (1 mg/ml) but not by N.
    [Show full text]