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Survey of the Irrigation Potential of the Lower Tana River Basin

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Survey of the Irrigation Potential of the Lower Tana River Basin o •- —4 is> FAO/SF: 53/KEN-3 SURVEY OF THE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL OF THE LOWER TANA RIVER BASIN KENYA FINAL REPORT ^ Volume I GENERAL V ISHIC LIBRAE? UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME KE - 1968.06 )OD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Wageningen The Netherlands *•• [ "=» VOLUMES OF THE FINAL REPORT Volume I --.. •' "--.',, ^ The General Report-ThéSGeneral Report is issued by the Food and. Agriculture Orga­ nization of the United Nations acting^ as executing agency for the -project on' behalf of the' United Nations Development Programme. The volume contains the essential story of ; *• the studies, carried out during the survey and the agency's conclusions and recom­ mendations based thereon., '"''*.--'' Volumes II to VII <- -, The Technical Volumes. The technical volumes as listed hereunder are-issued by the executing agency as technical annexes to the Generar'Report, "~as prepared by the cooperating consultants, the Consortium of International Land Development- Consultants, N.V., of the Netherlands, and Acres International Limited, of Canada. • 4 r' ' - \ Volume II Appendix A - Hydrology and Meteorology Appendix B - Engineering Surveys" ^ Volume-Ill Appendix C - Soils (.' ' ' . • AppendbTD - Vegetation " ; v v ^. - - ) .V;- , :. x , - - , Volume IIIA Maps'accompanying Appendixes C and D Volume IV Appendix^ E - Chemical Analyses Volume V Appendix F - Agronomic Studies Appendix G - Agroeconorhic Studies Appendix H - Agricultural Development X" *A Volume VI. Appendix^ I - Water Resources Planning AppendixvJ - Power Development" r Appendix K - Irrigation; Development , 'Appendix^L .-"Research and Training Centre^ Volume VII -Appendix M -Infrastructure and-Secohdary Development K Volumes II, III, IIIA, IV and V contain the basic hydrometeorologic, geologic, pédologie,/ agronomic and economic data as^collected and"'collated" during the course of the investigations. Volume VI contains the details of the development programme for irri­ gation and power and, in ;Volume VIy infrastructure, secondary development and the sociologie implications'are discussed to the-extent warranted at this stage of,evaluation. ^Volume IV has not been included in the general distribution of the Report, as that volume contains solely the record of the many thousands óf chemical analyses performed to assess the suitability of soils for irrigated agriculture. These records are of\ interest only to the specialist. HenceT copies,of this material have been deposited with the Ministry,of Agriculture, Kenya, and at FAO Headquarters, Rome,-where they will-be available for-, future referenced '•-'-.'/ - . , Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact soil.isricOwur.nl indicating the item reference number concerned. SURVEY OP THE IRRIGATION POTENTIAL OP THE LOWER TANA RIVER BASIN KENYA 158*30 : I._'..,J •. .. ..( K E i (sÖ. a(o PAO/SPt ; w 'Oanlnnnn, The Mo norlands 1 Survey of the Irrigation Potential of the Lower Tana River Basin KENYA Final Report Volume I General Report prepared for the Government of Kenya "by the Pood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations aoting as exeouting agenoy for the United Nations Development Programme United Nations Development Programme Pood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 1968 - V - ABSTRACT This report describes a project conducted by the Government of Kenya, with the assistance of the United Nations Special Fund*and the Pood and Agriculture Organiza­ tion of the United Nations, to assess the irrigation potential of the Lower Tana river basin. The Government's request for assistance was approved at the Kay 1$62 session of the Governing Council of the United Nations Special Fund. The Consortium of International Land Development Consultants of Arnhem, the Netherlands, and Acres International Ltd. of Niagara Falls, Canada, were commissioned by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to undertake the survey. This document forms the General Report on the project prepared by FAO as executing agency. A Plan of Operation for the implementation of the projeot was agreed and signed on behalf of the Government of Kenya, the United Nations Special Fund and the Food and Agricultural Organization on 2 May 1963. The UNDP allocation to the projeot amounted to US $ 1,033,400 and this covered the cost of personnel, contractual servioes, fellowships and equipment. The Government contribution in kind, which amounted to some US $ 714,200, oovered the oost of counterpart personnel, local equip­ ment and supplies, housing and office buildings, land and transportation. The possibility of large scale development of this region involved investiga­ tions of storage sites and water requirements in the upper portions of the catchment. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the entire catchment as one hydrological unit and to oonsider the part that would be played by the development of hydro- eleotrio power. Field operations were started in August 1963 and were oompleted in August 1966. The work oarried out inoluded» mapping the irrigation project area in the lower Tana basin and the middle reaches of the river} geologio and geophysical examination of foundation conditions at potential storage and diversion dam sites} soils and vegeta­ tion surveys} agronomio and irrigation experiments and hydrometeorolôgical appraisals. Preliminary engineering plans and designs, with cost estimates, and an economic ap­ praisal, were prepared for proposed irrigation development. Many miles of dry- weather roads and tracks were constructed to facilitate the surveys and to permit aocess throughout the project area. Nine fellowships were awarded during the course of field operations, in irriga­ tion engineering, agronomy and management, and in hydraulic engineering. The first fellowship was taken up in September I965 and the last in July I966. The countries to which the fellows were sent for study included U.S.A., Canada, Sudan, Netherlands and Israel. » Assistance to the projeot was provided by the United Nations Spooial Fund until 1 January 1966, On that date the Special Fund and the Expanded Programme of Technioal Assistance were merged into the United Nations Development Programme, which oontinued to provide assistance to this projeot. vi The findings of the survey confirm the results of previous investigations, which have shown the possibilities of developing hydro-electric power at a succes­ sion of points in the middle reaches of the Tana river. Suoh a network could provide an installed capacity of 865 megawatts at a oapital oost of nine million pounds sterling. It is expected that the inclusive cost per kilowatt of such development would he lower than that of power from alternative thermal stations* The demand for power in Kenya is expected to rise to 800 megawatts hy the year 2000. and as the present potential for hydro-eleotrio power from sources other than the Tana river is only 18 megawatts, this points to the necessity for develop­ ing power on the Tana river as soon as possible,, In its lower reaches, the firm flow of the Tana river is shown to he 1,100 cubio feet per second, whioh is enough to irrigate 100,000 aores of land. The regulation of flows for power would enahle the firm flow downstream to he inoreased to 2,800 cubio feet aperrsecond hy the year 2000, enough for 250,000 acres of : irrigation, ultimately, hy diverting flows from the Athi river, 330,000 aores of suitable soils could be irrigated. On groundwater, the report concludes that there is little or none available in the projeot area, except in the perched water table to be found in the Tana flood plain adjoining the river channel. Since the cost per acre of irrigation development will be high, field trials were concentrated on cash crops which could bring in fair to good returns. Except for cotton, whioh had consistently given good yields over a number of years, trials of other crops had not been carried out long enough to reaoh firm conclusions. More investigation and testing remains to be done before a really sound oropping pattern can be developed. Therefore, the report recommends, as a first step, the setting up of a Research and Training Centre to be supplied with irrigation water by pumping. This centre would be the first stage of development of the ultimate irrigation scheme, and at the same time would investigate the cropping patterns, conditions of tenancy and of cultivation, financial arrangements and all other points involved in the successful development, operation and management of suoh large scale schemes. Concurrent with this first stage of development, the report recommends the setting up of a semi-autonomous organization, to be called "The Tana River Irriga­ tion Authority" and to take charge of the soheme from the beginning. Its functions would include construction and operation, marketing, research, extension and training, mechanized cultivation and the processing of crops. - vix - TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE ABSTRACT CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Origin of the Project 1.2 The Plan of Operation 1.3 Field Operations 1.4 Acknowledgements CHAPTER II SUMMART OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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