DOCSLIB.ORG

Historical Landscape of an Island Town: Ternate, North Maluku

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historical Landscape of an Island Town: Ternate, North Maluku Paramita:Paramita: Historical Historical Studies Studies Journal, Journal, 27 (2),27(2), 2017: 2017 127 -140 ISSN: 0854-0039, E-ISSN: 2407-5825 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v27i2.11157 HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE OF AN ISLAND TOWN: TERNATE, NORTH MALUKU Basri Amin Research Institute for School & Society (RISS) State University of Gorontalo ABSTRACT ABSTRAK Maluku is not only well known for the hun- Maluku bukan hanya terkenal karena sebaran dreds spreading islands, but also for its long ratusan pulaunya, tapi juga karena dinamika historical records. It is usually to say that the sejarahnya yang panjang. Bahkan bisa formation of national consciousness of Indo- dikatakan bahwa pembentukan kesadaran na- nesia actually began since colonialism period, sional Indonesia dimulai sejak periode koloni- which all started with the presence of Western alisme, hal mana itu bermula dari kehadiran occupation in Maluku. This article will discuss bangsa Barat di kepulauan Maluku. Artikel ini how the historical background of Maluku ar- akan menjelaskan bagaimana latar sejarah chipelago leave a socio-cultural impact that is kolonial Maluku yang panjang itu terbukti still continues until today. The historical expe- menyisahkan dampak sosial budaya yang rience and socio-political dynamics of Ternate masih terus berlangsung hingga saat ini. Pen- are the prominent case chosen in this article to galaman sejarah dan dinamika sosial politik describe that a small (island) town can stimu- masyarakat pulau Ternate adalah kasus yang late such a large historical contestation. dipilih dalam artikel ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa sebuah kota pulau kecil bisa menam- Keywords: Ternate; North Maluku; island pung (pertarungan) sejarah yang demikian history, social landscape besar. Kata Kunci: Ternate; Maluku Utara; sejarah pulau; lanskap sosial Author correspondence Email: [email protected] 127 Available online at http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/paramita Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 27(2), 2017 INTRODUCTION kings" (Jaziratul' Mulk). This refers to the There is a great structure of literature four main kingdoms of the region namely: which deals with the colonial past as well Ternate, Tidore, Bacan and Jailolo (Atjo, as regional issues concerning the Maluku 2009; Andaya, 1993). islands and their relationship with the rest Recent publications confirm the so- of the Southeast Asian region. The world cio-political groupings in North Maluku history of “spice Island” between the 17th which has a particular structure of domi- and the 19th centuries in Indonesia is con- nation. North Maluku consists of 20 sub- nected with the position and contribution ethnic groups categorized into four main of North Maluku, particularly Ternate, clusters: ethnic Makean (60%), Sanana Tidore and Halmahera Island. The coloni- and Sula (15%), Tobelo and Galela (15%); al power and economic interests of that Ternate and Tidore (10%) (Nurhasim, period significantly contributed to tensions 2005: 139). For a comparison, the book by between local kingdoms in North Maluku, Suryadinata, Arifin and Ananta, Indone- particularly between Ternate and Tidore sia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a (Fraassen, 1987; Andaya, 1993; Leirissa, Changing Political Landscape (2003: 7-9) 2000; Amal, 2002-2010; Cribb & Cahin, present a limited number of ethnic groups 2004; Djaafar, 2006; Widjojo, 2009; in North Maluku which are: Sula, Hasyim, 2016). Makian, Galela, Halmahera, Loloda and The North Maluku archipelago has Morotai. Two popular groups such as Ter- at least 353 islands, both large and small nate and Tidore were not mentioned, even (Andili, 1980: 3-15). Culturally, as Andili though data had been drawn from the noted, the North Maluku society is divi- 2000’s population census. ded into three cultural groups (by region): Administratively, since 2002/2003, Firstly, the cultural region that includes the North Maluku province has hosted of the island of Ternate, North Halmahera and towns of Ternate and Tidore, and the dis- the islands of Sula; Secondly, Tidore cultur- tricts of North Halmahera, Central Hal- al region, consisting of Tidore island and mahera, South Halmahera, East Halma- Central and East Halmahera; thirdly, the hera, West Halmahera District and Sula region of Bacan including Bacan and Obi. Islands (Bujang, 2005: 72-73). Geograph- Furthermore, according to Andili (1980), ically, territorial boundaries of the districts North Maluku society is made up of 25 and the cities reformed the old boundaries ethnic groups. In terms of language, alt- of traditional kingdoms that existed sever- hough many local languages prevail in the al centuries ago in this region. region, people generally speak or can un- derstand either the language of Tidore, TERNATE TOWN: “A HISTORY IN Ternate or Bacan. However, in daily inter- MOVING” action and public association, the Ternate was named as a town, perhaps for language of Ternate-Malay is used as semi- the first time, by British naturalist, Alfred official language. Wallace, on 8th of January 1858. Wallace The North Maluku archipelago con- writes: sists of several island groups: the island of Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, The town of Ternate is concealed from Moti, Makean, Bacan, Obi and the island view till we enter the two islands, when of Sula. Previously, this group of islands it is discovered stretching along the was known as the "Moluccas" and was shore at the very base of the mountain. Its situation is fine, and there are grand synonymous with the clove-producing views on every side. Close opposite in archipelago, which refers to the islands of the rugged promontory and beautiful Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makean and volcanic cone of Tidore; to the east is Bacan. Historians refered them as the the long mountainous coast of Gilolo, "original Moluccas", and Arabic mer- terminated towards the north by a chants called them "the islands of group of three lofty volcanic peaks, 128 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 27(2), 2017 while immediately behind the town luccan islands. Unfortunately, since the rises the huge mountain, sloping easily decline of the spice trading during the 17th at first and covered with thick groves of century and into the period of post- fruit trees, but soon becoming steeper, colonial Indonesia, Ternate still represent- and furrowed with deep gullies. Almost ed a good example of a “periphery” region to the summit, whence issue perpetually faint wreath of smoke, it is clothed with in the Indonesian history (Hanna & Alwi, vegetation, and look calm and beauti- 1990). Additionally, it is fairly to say that ful, although beneath are hidden fires for more than three centuries (1650s- which occasionally burst forth in lava- 1960s), Ternate was a stagnant island streams, but more frequently make their (Kiem, 1993: 61). existence known by the earthquake Historically, the process of becom- which have many times devastated the ing an urbanized town was very much t o w n ” ( The Malay Archipelago , connected to the national development 1869/1962: 234) policies of Indonesia since the early 1970s. Prior to this period, Ternate had a specific Wallace’s impression on Ternate was a spatial practice on territories and commu- fascinating one because it combined a fea- nity groupings, called gam or Soa, on four ture of nature, Island landscape, and so- locations (Tubo, Tobana, Tobanga, and cial life of Ternate. Wallace was also giv- Toboleu) within the Island of Ternate ing us an early indication of town space (Fraassen, 1987; Atjo, 2009: 15,26). The (market, suburbs, and beach) as well as soa, as a concept of physical place and socio-cultural plurality of Ternate by de- community boundary, is now closely re- scribing the race markers in Ternate in the lated to the concept of neighbourhood 1840s, which are: Ternate Malays, the (kampong) in contemporary understand- Orang Sirani (Christians) and the Dutch ing. community. At that period, Ternate had Ternate is one of the oldest island Chinese and Arab inhabitants who were towns in Indonesia. This was agreed by born on Ternate Island formed merchant historians during a seminar on History of communities (Wallace, 1869 (1962): 234- Ternate, (2003). Dutch sources were used 239). as the primary historical information. A Ternate is a typical old town in the special committee of 16 experts was then Archipelago. Its spatial divisions are large- formed to determine the date of birth of ly influenced by colonial policy. This was Ternate. This committee was coordinated an exemplary place in which the local by Professor Leirissa, a historian from the condition of the town co-existed with the University of Indonesia (UI). The commit- colonial knowledge and interest in the tee concluded that as a city, Ternate had past. In North Maluku archipelago, Ter- existed since 1250. That year was chosen nate has an important role, as a “center on by arguing that since 1250 Ternate already the periphery” in spice trading during the had a capital city called Sampalu. Decem- colonial period of the sixteenth century. ber 29th was chosen based on historical But since the Dutch authorities changed record when Sultan Babullah expelled the their cloves trading centre to the Ambon Portuguese power on the island of Ternate Island in central Maluku, Ternate and (29 December 1575). faced a serious stagnation, economically The size of Ternate Island is 105.73 and politically, during the post- km2, and Ternate is a volcanic island independence period and even after formed by the existence of Mt. Gamalama Soeharto’s New Order regime (1965-1998). (1,715M) where its foothills in the north However, it is clear to be acknowledged part of the Island produce cloves, vegeta- that prior to the 1999 communal conflict bles and other useful local plants. There in North Maluku region there was a long are beautiful beaches and popular spots history of inter-island rivalry as well as for daily gatherings in downtown Ga- regional expansions among north Ma- malama. A crowded beach can be seen at 129 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 27(2), 2017 Bastiong areas in the south, and the beauti- a status that had very little autonomy in ful shores can be found at Sulamada and terms of budget and decision making.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download This PDF File
    KHAIRUN ISSN Print: 2580-9016 ISSN Online: 2581-1797 Law Journal Khairun Law Journal, Vol. 3 Issue 2, March 2020 Faculty of Law, Khairun University Efektifitas Penegakan Pelanggaran Administrasi Pada Pemiluhan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Oleh Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019 (Studi Terhadap Tugas Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Halmahera Selatan) Ismed A. Gafur Mahsiswa Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Program Pascasarjana Universitas Kahirun, Email : [email protected] Nam Rumkel Dosen Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Program Pascasarjana Universitas Kahirun, Email : [email protected] Abdul Aziz Hakim Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara, Email : [email protected] ABSTRACT With the enactment of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, it provides an opportunity for increased democracy by taking into account the violations committed and is the main task of the Regency / City General Election Supervisory Board. The effectiveness of enforcement of administrative violations by BAWASLU South Halmahera Regency based on Article 240 Paragraph (1) Letter (k) and (m) of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Election, has not been maximized in giving decisions to Candidates for DPRD Members of South Halmahera Regency Dapil II Makian Kayoa who have met the formal and material elements in the Administrative Violation Trial examination. In addition, the factors that influence the enforcement of Administrative Violations in the General Election of DPRD Members by BAWASLU South Halmahera in 2019 are the number of personnel and supporting facilities in trial examinations inadequate, between duties and operational funds are not comparable in handling cases of administrative violations. Keywords: Administrative Violations, Concurrent General Elections, District BAWASLU Tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • Foertsch 2016)
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Christopher R. Foertsch for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied Anthropology presented on June 3, 2016. Title: Educational Migration in Indonesia: An Ethnography of Eastern Indonesian Students in Malang, Java. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ David A. McMurray This research explores the experience of the growing number of students from Eastern Indonesia who attend universities on Java. It asks key questions about the challenges these often maligned students face as ethnic, linguistic, and religious minorities exposed to the dominant culture of their republic during their years of education. Through interviews and observations conducted in Malang, Java, emergent themes about this group show their resilience and optimism despite discrimination by their Javanese hosts. Findings also reveal their use of social networks from their native islands as a strategy for support and survival. ©Copyright by Christopher R. Foertsch June 3, 2016 All Rights Reserved Educational Migration in Indonesia: An Ethnography of Eastern Indonesian Students in Malang, Java by Christopher R. Foertsch A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Presented June 3, 2016 Commencement June 2017 Master of Arts thesis of Christopher R. Foertsch presented on June 3, 2016 APPROVED: Major Professor, representing Applied Anthropology Director of the School of Language, Culture, and Society Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon request. Christopher R. Foertsch, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author expresses sincere appreciation to the many people whose support, advice, and wisdom was instrumental throughout the process of preparing, researching, and writing this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • 75 Fonologi Isolek Non-Austronesia Di Pulau
    Cerpen Indonesia 8 (Edisi Khusus FONOLOGI ISOLEK NON-AUSTRONESIA DI PULAU MOROTAI Kongres Cerpen). Jakarta: Yayasan Akar. Danandjaja, James. 1994. Folklor Indonesia: THE PHONOLOGY OF NON-AUSTRONESIAN ISOLECT IN Ilmu Gosip, Dongeng, dan lain-lain. MOROTAI ISLAND Jakarta: Grafiti. Danardana, Agus Sri (Ed.). 2011. Ensiklopedia Marwia Hi. Ibrahim Sastra Riau. Pekanbaru: Palagan Press. Dosen Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ternate Effendy,Tenas. 2004. Tunjuk Ajar Melayu: Ponsel: 085228842947, Pos-el: [email protected] Butir-butir Budaya Melayu Riau. Yogyakarta: Balai Kajian dan Abstrak Pengembangan Budaya Melayu. Penduduk di bagian selatan Pulau Morotai menuturkan isolek yang mirip dengan bahasa Galela, Fitriana, Yulita, dkk. 2013. Folklor Suku dan sebagian lainnya di bagian utara pulau ini berbahasa Tobelo, di samping itu Desa Pilowo dan Bonai. Pekanbaru: Palagan Press. Waringin berbahasa Gorap, sebagian kecil lainnya berbahasa Sangir. Penelitian ini bertujuan Madjid, Bakhtiar. 2009. “Revitalisasi Tradisi untuk menjelaskan (1) deskripsi fonologi isolek non-Austronesia di Pulau Morotai. (2) Proses Lisan Dola Bololo dalam Masyarakat morfofonemik isolek non-Austronesia di Pulau Morotai. Terdapat tiga desa yang dijadikan titik Kesultanan Ternate: Sebuah Kajian pengamatan, yaitu Desa Daeo di Kecamatan Morotai Selatan, Desa Sangowo dan Desa Mira di Budaya” (Tesis). Bali: Program Studi Kecamatan Morotai Timur. Setiap titik pengamatan terdiri atas tiga informan. Penjaringan data Kajian Budaya, Universitas Udayana. kebahasaan digunakan Daftar Swadesh. Penyediaan data digunakan metode cakap dan metode Pilliang, Yasraf Amir. 2004. Dunia yang simak beserta teknik-tekniknya, seperti teknik cakap semuka, teknik catat dan teknik rekam, juga Dilipat: Tamasya Melampaui Batas- teknik sadap. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode padan intralingual. Hasil penelitian batas Kebudayaan, Bandung: Jalasutra.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Languages, Local Malay, and Bahasa Indonesia a Case Study from North Maluku
    PB Wacana Vol. 14 No. 2 (October 2012) JOHN BOWDENWacana, Local Vol. 14languages, No. 2 (October local Malay, 2012): and 313–332 Bahasa Indonesia 313 Local languages, local Malay, and Bahasa Indonesia A case study from North Maluku JOHN BOWDEN Abstract Many small languages from eastern Indonesia are threatened with extinction. While it is often assumed that ‘Indonesian’ is replacing the lost languages, in reality, local languages are being replaced by local Malay. In this paper I review some of the reasons for this in North Maluku. I review the directional system in North Maluku Malay and argue that features like the directionals allow those giving up local languages to retain a sense of local linguistic identity. Retaining such an identity makes it easier to abandon local languages than would be the case if people were switching to ‘standard’ Indonesian. Keywords Local Malay, language endangerment, directionals, space, linguistic identity. 1 Introduction Maluku Utara is one of Indonesia’s newest and least known provinces, centred on the island of Halmahera and located between North Sulawesi and West Papua provinces. The area is rich in linguistic diversity. According to Ethnologue (Lewis 2009), the Halmahera region is home to seven Austronesian languages, 17 non-Austronesian languages and two distinct varieties of Malay. Although Maluku Utara is something of a sleepy backwater today, it was once one of the most fabled and important parts of the Indonesian archipelago and it became the source of enormous treasure for outsiders. Its indigenous clove crop was one of the inspirations for the great European age of discovery which propelled navigators such as Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan to set forth on their epic journeys across the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration and Conflict in Indonesia's Spice Islands
    Volume 15 | Issue 11 | Number 4 | Article ID 5045 | Jun 01, 2017 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Integration and Conflict in Indonesia’s Spice Islands David Adam Stott Tucked away in a remote corner of eastern violence, in 1999 Maluku was divided into two Indonesia, between the much larger islands of provinces – Maluku and North Maluku - but this New Guinea and Sulawesi, lies Maluku, a small paper refers to both provinces combined as archipelago that over the last millennia has ‘Maluku’ unless stated otherwise. been disproportionately influential in world history. Largely unknown outside of Indonesia Given the scale of violence in Indonesia after today, Maluku is the modern name for the Suharto’s fall in May 1998, the country’s Moluccas, the fabled Spice Islands that were continuing viability as a nation state was the only place where nutmeg and cloves grew questioned. During this period, the spectre of in the fifteenth century. Christopher Columbus Balkanization was raised regularly in both had set out to find the Moluccas but mistakenly academic circles and mainstream media as the happened upon a hitherto unknown continent country struggled to cope with economic between Europe and Asia, and Moluccan spices reverse, terrorism, separatist campaigns and later became the raison d’etre for the European communal conflict in the post-Suharto presence in the Indonesian archipelago. The transition. With Yugoslavia’s violent breakup Dutch East India Company Company (VOC; fresh in memory, and not long after the demise Verenigde Oost-indische Compagnie) was of the Soviet Union, Indonesia was portrayed as established to control the lucrative spice trade, the next patchwork state that would implode.
    [Show full text]
  • A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Eeds Dispersal Melissa E
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 5-24-2017 A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their eedS Dispersal Melissa E. Abdo Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001976 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Abdo, Melissa E., "A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their eS ed Dispersal" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3355. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3355 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida A FLORISTIC STUDY OF HALMAHERA, INDONESIA FOCUSING ON PALMS (ARECACEAE) AND THEIR SEED DISPERSAL A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY by Melissa E. Abdo 2017 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences and Education This dissertation, written by Melissa E. Abdo, and entitled A Floristic Study of Halmahera, Indonesia Focusing on Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Seed Dispersal, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Javier Francisco-Ortega _______________________________________ Joel Heinen _______________________________________ Suzanne Koptur _______________________________________ Scott Zona _______________________________________ Hong Liu, Major Professor Date of Defense: May 24, 2017 The dissertation of Melissa E.
    [Show full text]
  • Avifauna Diversity at Central Halmahera North Maluku, Indonesia Zoo Indonesia 2012
    Avifauna Diversity at Central Halmahera North Maluku, Indonesia Zoo Indonesia 2012. 21(1): 17-31 AVIFAUNA DIVERSITY AT CENTRAL HALMAHERA NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA Mohammad Irham Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Widyasatwaloka Building, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Irham, M. Keanekaragaman Avifauna at Weda Bay, Halmahera, Indonesia. 2012 Zoo Indonesia 21(1), 17-31. Survei burung dengan menggunakan metode titik hitung dan jaring telah dilakukan di Halmahera, Maluku Utara di empat lokasi utama yaitu Wosea, Ake Jira, Tofu Blewen dan Bokit Mekot. Sebanyak 70 spesies burung dari 32 famili dijumpai selama penelitian lapangan. Keragaman burung tertinggi ditemukan di Tofu Blewen yaitu 50 spesies (Indeks Shannon = 2.64) kemudian diikuti oleh Ake Jira (48 spesies, Indeks Shannon = 2,63), Wosea (41 spesies, Indeks Shannon = 2,54) dan Boki Mekot (37 spesies, Indeks Shannon = 2,52 ). Berdasarkan Indeks Kesamaan Jaccard, komunitas burung di Wosea jauh berbeda dibandingkan lokasi lain. Gangguan habitat dan ketinggian memperlihatkan pengaruh pada keragaman burung terutama pada jenis-jenis endemik dan terancam seperti komunitas di Wosea. Beberapa jenis burung, terutama paruh bengkok seperti Kakatua Putih, menunjukkan hubungan negatif dengan ketinggian . Kata Kunci: keragaman burung, Halmahera, gangguan habitat, ketinggian ABSTRACT Irham, M. Avifauna diversity at Weda Bay, Halmahera, Indonesia. 2012 Zoo Indonesia 21(1), 17-31. Bird surveys by point counts and mist-nets were carried out in Halmahera, North Moluccas at four locations i.e. Wosea, Ake Jira, Tofu Blewen and Bokit Mekot. A total of 70 birds species from 32 families were recorded during fieldworks.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Trade Networks in Maluku in the 16Th, 17Th and 18Th Centuries
    CAKALELEVOL. 2, :-f0. 2 (1991), PP. LOCAL TRADE NETWORKS IN MALUKU IN THE 16TH, 17TH, AND 18TH CENTURIES LEONARD Y. ANDAYA U:-fIVERSITY OF From an outsider's viewpoint, the diversity of language and ethnic groups scattered through numerous small and often inaccessible islands in Maluku might appear to be a major deterrent to economic contact between communities. But it was because these groups lived on small islands or in forested larger islands with limited arable land that trade with their neighbors was an economic necessity Distrust of strangers was often overcome through marriage or trade partnerships. However, the most . effective justification for cooperation among groups in Maluku was adherence to common origin myths which established familial links with societies as far west as Butung and as far east as the Papuan islands. I The records of the Dutch East India Company housed in the State Archives in The Hague offer a useful glimpse of the operation of local trading networks in Maluku. Although concerned principally with their own economic activities in the area, the Dutch found it necessary to understand something of the nature of Indigenous exchange relationships. The information, however, never formed the basis for a report, but is scattered in various documents in the form of observations or personal experiences of Dutch officials. From these pieces of information it is possible to reconstruct some of the complexity of the exchange in MaJuku in these centuries and to observe the dynamism of local groups in adapting to new economic developments in the area. In addition to the Malukans, there were two foreign groups who were essential to the successful integration of the local trade networks: the and the Chinese.
    [Show full text]
  • North Maluku and Maluku Recovery Programme
    NORTH MALUKU AND MALUKU RECOVERY PROGRAMME 19 September 2001 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 4 II. North Maluku 5 A. Background 5 1. Overview of North Maluku 5 2. The Disturbances and Security Measures 6 3. Community Recovery and Reconciliation Efforts 7 B. Current Situation 12 III. Maluku 14 A. Background 14 1.Overview of Maluku 14 2. The Disturbances and Security Measures 16 3. Community Recovery and Reconciliation Efforts 18 B. Current Situation 20 IV. Reasons for UNDP Support 24 V. Programme Strategy 25 VI. Coordination, Execution, Implementation and Funding Arrangements 28 A. Governing Principles 28 B. Arrangements for Coordination 28 C. UN Agency Partnership and Coordination 29 D. Execution and Implementation Arrangements 30 E. Funding Arrangements 31 VII. Area of Programme Concentration and Target Beneficiaries 32 A. Area of Programme Concentration 32 B. Target Beneficiaries 33 VIII. Development Objective 34 IX. Immediate Objectives 35 X. Inputs 42 XI. Risks 42 XII. Programme Reviews, Reporting and Evaluation 42 XIII. Legal Context 43 XIV. Budget 44 2 Annexes I. Budget II. Terms of Reference of UNDP Trust Fund for Support to the North Maluku and Maluku Recovery Programme III. Terms of Reference: Programme Operations Manager/Team Leader – Jakarta IV. Terms of Reference: Recovery Programme Manager – Ternate and Ambon V. Chart of Reporting, Coordination and Implementation Relationships 3 NORTH MALUKU AND MALUKU RECOVERY PROGRAMME I. INTRODUCTION A. Context This programme of post-conflict recovery in North Maluku and Maluku is part of a wider UNDP effort to support post-conflict recovery and conflict prevention programmes in Indonesia. The wider programme framework for all the conflict-prone and post-conflict areas is required for several reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Region Economic Analysis to Improve Economic Development Maritime in North Maluku Province
    Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan, 9 (1), 2017 ISSN 2086-1575 E-ISSN 2502-7115 Inter-region Economic Analysis to Improve Economic Development Maritime In North Maluku Province Musdar Muhammd, Devanto, Wildan Syafitri Master Program of Economics Faculty of Economics and Business Brawijaya University Email: [email protected] Received: July 12, 2016; Accepted: October 21, 2016; Published: March 2, 2017 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v9i12017p001 Abstract The main purpose of this research to analysis sector and sub-sector development of chartered investment counsel maritime between regions which is bases sector in sub-province and opportunity of job activity at sub- sector fishery of sub-province in North Maluku with observation PDRB sub- province/town during five years (2009-2013). Then, analyses development policy strategy of chartered investment counsel maritime North Maluku. By using technique analyses LQ, multiplier effect, and AHP. The result of analysis shows sub-province Halmahera South and second archipelago Sula of the sub-province that there is sector and sub-sector bases which at most when in comparing to sector and sub-sector bases there is sub-province/town province North Maluku, multiplier effect opportunity of job activity at sub- sector fishery happened in the year 2010 that there is in sub-province/city West Halmahera, South-east Halmahera, East Halmahera North Halmahera, and city of Tidore archipelago’s. In the year of 2013, multiplier effect sub- sector fishery catches there is at sub-province West Halmahera, South Halmahera, and the city of Tidore archipelagoes. Development policy strategy of chartered investment counsel maritime human resource, public service, natural resources with fishery & oceanic requirement in making a preference for development of chartered investment counsel maritime of North Maluku.
    [Show full text]
  • Profil Kabupaten Halmahera Utara
    I RPI2-JM I Kabupaten Halmahera Utara I 04 PROFIL KABUPATEN HALMAHERA UTARA 4.1 PROFIL GEOGRAFIS 4.1.1 LETAK ASTRONOMIS Secara ASTRONOMIS Wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Utara berada pada posisi koordinat: 0050’00” sampai 2022’10” LU dan 127°34'50” sampai 12808'30” BT. Itu berarti Wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Utara berada di belahan bumi bagian Utara dan belahan bumi bagian Timur. 4.1.2 LETAK GEOGRAFIS DAN ADMINISTRASI Secara Geografis & Administrasi, batas wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Utara, adalah: Sebelah Utara, berbatasan dengan Samudera Pasifik. Sebelah Timur, berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Wasilei Kabupaten Halmahera Timur, dan Laut Halmahera. Sebelah Selatan, berbatasan dengan Kecamatan Jailolo Selatan Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Sebelah Barat, berbatasan dengan Kecamatan: Loloda, Sahu, Ibu, dan Jailolo Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. 4.1.3 LUAS WILAYAH Berdasarkan UU No. 1/2003 Kabupaten Halmahera Utara memiliki luas wilayah + 24.983,32 km2 yang meliputi wilayah laut: 19.563,08 km2 (78 %), wilayah daratan: 5.420,24 km2 (22 %) dan berjarak 138 mil laut dari Ternate/ Ibukota Kabupaten Halmahera Utara. Dengan adanya pemekaran Kabupaten Pulau Morotai (UU No. 53/2008), luas wilayah Kabupaten Halmahera Utara ± 22.507,32 km² meliputi luas daratan 4.951,61 km² (22%) dan lautan seluas 17.555,71 km² (78%).Kabupaten Halmahera Utara yang Bantuan Teknis RPI2JM Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Keterpaduan Program IV - 1 Bidang Cipta Karya – Provinsi Maluku Utara Tahun 2014 I RPI2-JM I Kabupaten Halmahera Utara I mencakup pulau-pulau kecil lainnya di bagian utara Pulau Halmahera, memiliki tipologi lingkungan yang khas, dimana tidak hanya memiliki alam pegunungan tetapi juga memiliki areal pesisir pantai (coastal area) dengan berbagai sumber daya alam yang prospektif untuk dikembangkan.
    [Show full text]
  • Under the Volcano
    Under the Volcano Future perspectives of Ternate’s Historical Urban Landscape Under the Volcano Future perspectives of Ternate’s Historical Urban Landscape Under the Volcano Future perspectives of Ternate’s Historical Urban Landscape Report of the Ternate Conservation and Development Workshop Kota Ternate, 24-28 September 2012 Jean-Paul Corten, Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands Maulana Ibrahim, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia Students of Universitas Khairun: Abdul Malik Pellu Arie Hendra Dessy Prawasti Ikbal Akili Irfan Jubbai Marasabessy Kodradi A.K. Sero Sero Rosmiati Hamisi Surahman Marsaoly Members of Ternate Heritage Society: Azwar Ahmad A. Fachrudin A.B. M. Diki Dabi Dabi Ridwan Ade Colophon Department: Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science Project name: Ternate Conservation and Development Workshop Version: 1.0 Date: July 2016 Contact: Jean-Paul Corten [email protected] Authors: Jean-Paul Corten, Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands Maulana Ibrahim, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia Photo’s: Maulana Ibrahim Cover image: The Island of Ternate seen from the air (Maulana Ibrahim 2012) Design: En Publique, Utrecht Print: Xerox/OTB, The Hague © Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, Amersfoort 2016 Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands P.O.Box 1600 3800 BP Amersfoort the Netherlands culturalheritageagency.nl/en Content 1. Introduction 7 2. Historical Urban Landscapes 9 3. Past developments 11 4. Present situation 15 Urban quality 15 Technical condition 16 Current use 18 Strengths and weaknesses 18 5. Future perspectives 21 Development opportunities and risks 21 Restoration need 22 Participating students of the Khairun University (Maulana Ibrahim 2012) 6 — Map of Northern Maluku 1.
    [Show full text]