University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
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BUILDING THE LATTER-DAY KINGDOM IN THE AMERICAS: THE FLORIDA FORT LAUDERDALE MISSION By GAYLE LASATER PAGNONI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 Gayle Lasater Pagnoni 2 To Lou, Dirk and Gracie, and Drew 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without my advisers at the University of Florida including my supervisor, Anna Peterson, and committee members, David Hackett, Whitney Sanford, and Marianne Schmink. These four scholars and four important communities are among those I remember as instrumental to my completion of the doctoral degree: the academic community at the University of Florida (UF); Florida International University (FIU); the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) and its Florida Fort Lauderdale Mission (FFLM); and my loved ones. At UF, I thank those pioneers in our department who envisioned a new doctoral program organized to innovatively think about the study of religion through three tracks: Religion in the Americas, Asian Religions, and Religion and Nature. My interests have always been religion and politics in the Americas, with interests in the environment so this program was a good fit. Second, I thank the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences for awarding to me the Aschoff Dissertation Writing Award, and to the Madelyn Lockhart Dissertation Fellowship Committee for choosing me as a finalist. Both awards facilitated my research and writing. I am most indebted to Dr. Anna Peterson, University of Florida Latin Americanist, environmentalist, and ethicist, as chair of my dissertation committee, teaching supervisor, and mentor extraordinaire. Her patient guidance and persistent challenging made this project stronger. The North Americanist on my committee and former chair of the religion department, Dr. David Hackett helped illuminate my understanding of the emergence of nineteenth century Mormonism, and its universal aspirations. Anthropologist Dr. Marianne Schmink, as my outside committee member, has provided 4 a continual call in my work to be scientifically analytical. Emeritus Professor Gene Thursby, the New Religious Movement (NRM) scholar on my committee helped me to think about Mormonism as a durable NRM in the global foreign mission field. Dr. Thursby has since gone on to a much-deserved full-time retirement after several years as my mentor. I am thankful to Dr. Whitney Sanford for graciously stepping into my committee in his place. Her encouragement on my project has been invaluable. My committee has been long suffering through my doctoral project, providing support during the deaths of my mother and father, the coming and going of two sons working on advanced degrees, and my remarriage and relocation to Philadelphia. Drs. Manuel Vasquez and Bron Taylor, two of my professors and examiners, were gracious to sit on a crowded committee through my prospectus defense. My many thanks to both of them for their continued informal advising; to Dr. Vasquez for his guidance on issues of globalization and immigration, including a research assistantship in his Ford project “Latino Immigrants in Florida: Lived Religion, Space, and Power;” and to Bron for including me in the Religion and Nature cohort of students. Additionally, I am grateful to Dr. Narayanan, the former chair of our department for her unwavering support and friendship, and to the many professors with whom I have enjoyed coursework, teaching and research assistantships, and friendship. Thank you Professors Sheldon Isenberg, Zoharah Simmons, Leo Sandgren, Leah Hochman, Phillip Williams, Andrea Sterk, Nina Caputo, Gwynn Kessler, Robin Wright, Jason Neelis, and the late Taylor Scott. Annie Newman, senior secretary, kept track of my graduate compliance in all matters, an invaluable service. Along this path, I met retired UF Professor of Sociology, Dr. Gordon Streib and his wife, Ruth. Sharing my interest in 5 all things Mormon, Dr. Streib has generously critiqued my MA thesis and doctoral prospectus. I remain fortunate to reap the rewards of continuing relationships and conversations with mentors from FIU; Tony Maingot, Mike Collier, Eduardo Gamarra, and especially, Terry Rey who has provided me with new teaching opportunities and continued mentoring at Temple University. The 2003 MALACS Thesis of Distinction Award helped make possible my attendance at the University of Florida. Scholars in the Mormon studies community have helped enrich my work with thoughtful conversations in the early stages of research. Rick Phillips of the University of North Florida, Henri Gooren of Oakland University, David Knowlton of Utah Valley State University, Melvyn Hammarberg of the University of Pennsylvania, and Armand Mauss of Claremont Graduate University shared ideas and encouragement. Kathleen Flake of Vanderbilt generously shared her work on American Southern Missions; and Noel B. Reynolds of Brigham Young University served as mission president during a major part of this project’s fieldwork providing many hours of instruction on the mission and its church. Research for advanced degrees is made infinitely more accessible with the help of great librarians. Richard Phillips and Paul Losch at the University of Florida Smather’s Latin American Collection have accommodated every request, invited me to conferences of mutual interest, and encouraged my research. Fred Rowland at Temple’s Paley Library has provided much support, instruction, and goodwill as I have migrated between Florida and Pennsylvania. Jean Sphar welcomed me to the Penn State Brandywine Campus Vairo Library, and Mary Fran McLaughlin has provided every 6 possible support necessary to help facilitate writing. Finally, the Media Public Library in our hometown ordered numerous interlibrary loans through able facilitation by Trish Giardinelli and John Kennedy. Several student colleagues have read chapters, and helped with advice and logistics navigating the program and its completion: Shreena Gandhi, Hilit Surowitz, and Bridgette O’Brien. Beyond academics, they are wonderful and endearing friends. I extend many thanks to Seth Bryant for helping articulate the ‘three-fold mission’ of Mormonism as a research project. Josh Jeffries has been a bibliographer without peer. In addition to those who have made this research possible, none of this would have happened without the ongoing goodwill and cooperation of so many Latter-day Saints. The church is historically renowned for its prolific records, and through the assistance of John Sager and Rose Chibota at the Management Information Center, I had access to all records on membership publically available upon request. During my field trip to the Idaho Falls, Idaho temple opening, I was provided a personalized temple tour by Public Affairs Director Terry McCurdy. Most of all, I express profound gratitude for the Latter-day Saints of the Florida Fort Lauderdale Mission, many of whom I met during my master’s research on conversions and have continued relationships fostering new fieldwork. I have enjoyed every kindness and generosity bestowed upon a non- member, for which my thanksgiving is without end. Through their generosity, I’ve shared Family Home Evenings, sacrament services along with Sunday school and Relief Society meetings, baptisms, General and Semi-Annual Conferences, activities, their narratives through interviews and oral histories, hopes and dreams, and best of all, their children and elders – their families. Through the ten years I have been studying 7 and working in the South Florida community, I have watched their children grow up to become missionaries, return to marry and have babies of their own, the next generation of missionaries in lineages of belief and service. Several members have continued to answer follow-up and clarifying questions; as this project has drawn on, their capacity for commitment has encouraged me. As I wrote in my thesis acknowledgements, “I’ve felt a special, kindred spirit among the “Mormons” that has forever changed me.” That sentiment is even truer today as my own understanding of their religion has deepened. Mormons teach that families can be eternal, and that perspective has provided a special recognition within my own family. I must end with those who have always been with me and will always be – my family. To Dirk and Drew, my sons, I am forever grateful for what has become your mentoring, when it should have been the other way around. When I first returned to college, you were teenagers. Now you are young men with advanced degrees of your own. I’ve enjoyed reading your work and thank you for reading mine, offering comments and edits, and I’m proud you have both published. You have been extraordinary friends, in addition to being sons any mother would have been proud to have. Along this path, thanks to Dirk, Gracie Kerns has joined our family, a very welcome daughter-in-law. To my late parents Dori and Jay, who departed while I was in the doctoral process and much too soon, I trust you are witness still. I miss you very much. My brothers and sisters, Kaye, Jim and Deb, Keryl and Lisa, Greg and Celeste; and many nieces and nephews share love and support, making sure the boys and I have enjoyed frequent trips home to Colorado to keep those all-important family lineages alive and well. 8 I thank someone new in my life along the dissertation way: Louis John Pagnoni, my husband. It is a miracle we met, and an even greater miracle that you have stayed this PhD course with me, often at great distances. You have lovingly embraced of my sons and my family, while sharing your children and family with me. Thank you for asking me to marry you and helping me finish this project. Extraordinary friends have accompanied this journey. Sandee and Sallie, thank you for your empathy and wise counsel through years of friendship; Sallie for providing excellent outside readership and critique. In particular, Maureen and Richard and Jordan McDuff have provided enduring friendship, hosting my months of research in South Florida with a lovely cottage, great companionship, and daily gourmet meals.