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A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to history and technology • n u m b e r 5 5 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press TheA WintonChronology M. Blount of MiddlePostal History Missouri Symposia Plains SelectVillage Papers, 2006–2009 Sites By CraigThomas M. LeraJohnson Editor with contributions by Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SerieS PublicationS of the SmithSonian inStitution Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions require- ments and to review our manuscript preparation and style guides for authors, visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. smithsonian contributions to history and technology • number 55 The Winton M. Blount Postal History Symposia Select Papers, 2006–2009 Thomas Lera Editor washington d.c. 2010 Cover images are objects from the Smithsonian National Postal Museum Collection. From left to right: envelope with ten-cent black Washington stamp (Scott 2) mailed from Doakesville, Ark, 1850 (NPM 2003.2019.7); Leather satchel for letter carriers, ca. 1920–1950 (NPM 1992.2002.70) Parcel Airlift Issue (Scott 1341) used for parcels being mailed to servicemen in Vietnam 1968 (NPM 1980.2493.571). Published by Smithsonian InstitutioN ScholarLy Press P.o. Box 37012 MrC 957 Washington, D.C. 20013- 7012 www.scholarlypress.si.edu Text and images in this publication may be protected by copyright and other restrictions or owned by individuals and entities other than, and in addition to, the Smithsonian Institution. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Winton M. Blount Postal History Symposia. The Winton M. Blount Postal History Symposia : select papers, 2006-2009 / Thomas Lera, editor. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to history and technology ; no. 55) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Postal service—History—Congresses. 2. Postage stamps—History—Congresses. I. Lera, Thomas M. II. Title. HE6041.W56 2010 383’.49--dc22 2010016338 ISSN (print): 1948-5999 ISSN (online): 1948-6006 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. Contents LETTEr FROM THE DIrECTOR oF THE NATIoNAL PoSTAL MuSEuM v ACKNoWLEDGMENTS vii INTRODuCTION 1 The Political Economy of Postal reform in the Victorian Age 3 Richard R. John FIrST SyMPoSIuM—WHAT IS PoSTAL HISTORY? (NoVEMBEr 3–4, 2006) Introduction 13 Thomas Lera “Little Colored Bits of Paper” Collected in the Progressive Era 15 Sheila A. Brennan WWI Philatelic Censuses of East Africa 23 John Kevin Doyle Explorations in the official register: Statistical Analysis of Postmaster Compensation Data from 19th Century New Hampshire 29 Terence Hines and Thomas Velk SECoND SyMPoSIuM—FURTHEr, FArTHEr, FASTEr: TrANSPORTATIoN TECHNoLoGy AND THE MAIL (oCToBEr 20–21, 2007) Introduction 37 Thomas Lera Zeppelin Posts at the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair: Integrating Collector and Historian Methodologies 39 Cheryl R. Ganz THIrD SyMPoSIuM—WHEN THE MAIL GoES To WAr (SEPTEMBEr 26–27, 2008) Introduction 47 Thomas Lera “Food Will Win the War”: Motor Trucks and the Farm-To-Table Postal Delivery Program, 1917–1918 49 Robert G. Cullen Philatelic Propaganda: A Case Study—Border Changes in Eastern Europe, 1938–1941 59 Robin Gates Elliott Picking up the Pieces: The Aftermath of Hiroshima 71 Janet Klug Postal Censorship and Military Intelligence during World War II 81 Ann Elizabeth Pfau FOURTH SyMPoSIuM—PoSTAL rEFORM (oCToBEr 30–NoVEMBEr 1, 2009) Introduction 91 Thomas Lera The 1895 Provisional and Bisect Postage Due Stamps: A result of the Transfer of Stamp Production to the BEP? 93 Harry K. Charles, Jr. Sunday Mail Controversy, Postal reform, and Mail Transportation 105 Diane DeBlois and Robert Dalton Harris “Why Is a raven Like a Writing Desk?” Post office reform, Collectible Commodities, and Victorian Culture 121 Catherine J. Golden America’s First Carrier Service: The u.S. City Despatch Post 131 Larry Lyons The u.S. 1847 Issue: Stamps That Changed the System 141 Harvey Mirsky From the Pulpit to the Post: Anti-Clericalism and Communication in orizaba, 1857–1867 147 Rachel A. Moore Cheap Postage: A Tool for Social reform 155 David L. Straight ABOUT THE CoNTrIBuTORS 165 Letter from the Director July 1, 2010 It is my great pleasure to introduce the Selected Proceedings of the Postal History Symposia. The first of these symposia was named after Winton M. Blount, the first Postmaster General of theu nited States Postal Service. Through his generous endowment to the Smithsonian National Postal Museum (NPM), the Center for Postal Studies and the Chair-in-research was created in his name in 2006. The success of the Postal History Symposia was due in large part to the support and assistance of our partners: the American Philatelic Society (APS), American Philatelic research Library (APrL), NPM Council of Philatelists and the NPM Museum Advisory Council. I would like to thank all of the philatelists, scholars, and industry leaders who presented at the first four symposia. Their research and presentations created an environment in which everyone enjoyed participating in each panel. Special thanks are due to the symposium co-chairs Thomas Lera (NPM), David Straight (APS), and Virginia Horn (APrL). Without their efforts, the symposia would not have been the great success they were. If you enjoy these papers, as much as I hope you will, please consider participating in, or at least attending, the future postal history symposia. Check our website for the dates and location of future symposia. Allan Kane Director, Smithsonian National Postal Museum Acknowledgments he symposium would not be a success without the help and encouragement from many people. At the top of the list is Allen Kane, Director of the National Postal Museum (NPM), who provided support and persuaded industry Tleaders to be plenary keynote speakers. Next I would like to thank the NPM Council of Philatelists and the NPM Museum Advisory Council for their assistance, and all of the staff at NPM who helped at the symposium over the past years. The symposia could not have happened without the help and co-sponsorship of Ken Martin, executive director, David Straight, vice-president, and the staff of the American Philatelic Society and Gini Horn and the staff at the American Phila- telic research Library. I would also like to thank the scholars who completed peer reviews. Their knowledge of philately and postal opera- tions along with their suggestions and comments greatly improved the papers. Finally, I thank Ginger Strader, scholarly publications manager, and Deborah Stultz, publications specialist, both of the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, whose guidance, support, and review is much appreciated. Introduction n November 2005, in the quiet corner of the hotel bar at ChicagoPEx, the annual World Series of Philately stamp show in Chicago, David L. Straight, Ithen an American Philatelic Society (APS) director, and Cheryl r. Ganz, curator at the Smithsonian National Postal Museum (NPM), discussed the state of postal scholarship in America. They agreed that academic scholars rarely connected with philatelic scholars. on a paper napkin, they outlined the idea for a postal history symposium that would bring together researchers from all disciplines. Postal history is the study of postal systems, how they operate and/or the collect- ing of covers and associated material illustrating historical episodes of postal systems. The term is attributed to robson Lowe
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