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From European Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene Deposits: Data from 19Th Century Collections

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From European Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene Deposits: Data from 19Th Century Collections Carnets Geol. 20 (7) E-ISSN 1634-0744 DOI 10.4267/2042/70761 New occurrences of Modulidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from European Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene deposits: Data from 19th century collections Pierre LOZOUET 1 Bruno CAHUZAC 2 Laurent CHARLES 3 Abstract: A re-examination of the historical collections deposited at the Bordeaux Museum of Natural History and the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Bordeaux made it possible to identify new taxa of Modulidae in the Oligocene and Miocene of the Aquitaine Basin. These Modulidae belong to the Ame- rican groups Modulus modulus and Trochomodulus. In addition, three new species are described: Mo- dulus benoisti sp. nov. (Serravallian), Trochomodulus stampinicus sp. nov. (Rupelian), which is close to Trochomodulus sublaevigatus (ORBIGNY, 1852), a Chattian species, and Incisilabium trochiformis sp. nov. (Priabonian). The latter is the oldest known Modulidae, together with Incisilabium parisiensis (DE- SHAYES, 1832) (Middle Eocene) that was previously classified in the Trochidae. These results show that the paleobiogeography and origin of the family Modulidae need to be reconsidered. Key-words: • Aquitaine Basin; • Cenozoic; • paleobiogeography; • Gastropoda; • new species Citation: LOZOUET P., CAHUZAC B. & CHARLES L. (2020).- New occurrences of Modulidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from European Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene deposits: Data from 19th century collec- tions.- Carnets Geol., Madrid, vol. 20, no. 7, p. 125-139. Résumé : Nouvelles occurrences de Modulidae (Mollusca : Gastropoda) dans des gisements européens de l'Éocène, de l'Oligocène et du Miocène : Données de collections du 19e siècle.- L'examen de collections historiques déposées au Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bordeaux et à la Fa- culté des Sciences de l'Université de Bordeaux a permis d'identifier de nouveaux taxons de Modulidae dans l'Oligocène et le Miocène du bassin aquitain. Ces Modulidae appartiennent aux groupes améri- cains Modulus modulus et Trochomodulus. Trois nouvelles espèces sont décrites : Modulus benoisti nov. sp. (Serravallien), Trochomodulus stampinicus nov. sp. (Rupélien), proche de Trochomodulus sublaevigatus (ORBIGNY, 1852), une espèce chattienne, et Incisilabium trochiformis nov. sp. (Priabo- nien). Ce dernier est le plus ancien Modulidae connu avec Incisilabium parisiensis (DESHAYES, 1832) (Éocène moyen) précédemment classé dans les Trochidae. Ces résultats montrent que la paléobiogéo- graphie et l'origine de la famille des Modulidae doivent être réexaminées. Mots-clefs : • Bassin d'Aquitaine ; • Cénozoïque ; • paléobiogéographie ; • Gastropoda ; • nouvelles espèces 1 Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Direction des Collections, CP 51, 55 rue de Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France) [email protected] 2 Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F - 33405 Talence Cedex (France) [email protected] 3 Muséum de Bordeaux - sciences et nature, 5 Place Bardineau, F - 33000 Bordeaux (France) [email protected] Published online in final form (pdf) on March 17, 2020 [Editor: Bruno GRANIER; language editor: Simon MITCHELL] 125 Carnets Geol. 20 (7) 1. Introduction This paper reports the rediscovery of Moduli- dae in the Oligocene and Miocene of the Aquitai- The Modulidae is a littoral cerithioid family ne Basin, belonging to genera that were pre- which occurs throughout the tropical and subtro- viously thought to be exclusively Caribbean (Mo- pical regions. It is relatively rare in fossil depo- dulus and Trochomodulus), in three historical col- sits. It is also a paucispecific family with about lections (MHNBx: coll. BENOIST; UB: general col- 12-16 living species. The tropical American re- lection and coll. GRATELOUP). It also describes a new gions are relatively rich with at least eleven living species of Incisilabium from the Upper Eocene. species, whereas there are two or three species Abbreviations used: Length, SL; Last whorl in the eastern Pacific and nine or more species in Length, SWL; Diameter, SD (Shell measure- the western Atlantic, and an equivalent number ments); MNHN-IM, Muséum national d'Histoire or more of fossil species (LANDAU et al., 2014). In naturelle (French National Museum of Natural comparison, only two species are recognised in History), Malacology; MNHN.F, Muséum national the vast West Indo-Pacific region (LOZOUET & KRY- d'Histoire naturelle, Paleontology; MHNBx, Mu- GELMANS, 2016; BOUCHET, 2018), and only one séum d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux (Bordeaux species is known from European Miocene depo- Museum of Natural History); UB, Université de sits. Bordeaux (University of Bordeaux), no. TYFIPAL ["TYpes et FIgurés en PALéontologie" (TYpe and FIgured specimens in PALeontology)]. Figure 1: Location map of the Miocene of Saucats area, exposed between La Brède (downstream) and Saucats (upstream) villages. Succession of the stratotypic outcrops of the Aquitanian: 1 to 4; Burdigalian: 5 to 7; Serravallian : 8 (Lassime section). 126 Carnets Geol. 20 (7) 2. Geological framework and can be trusted to indicate the richness of Lassi- me's fauna or are untrustworthy. According to BENOIST's historical collections BENOIST, the fauna of Lassime is original, distinct Along the "St-Jean-d'Étampes" stream (Giron- from that of the equivalent levels known in Aqui- de, Saucats and La Brède), geological strata from taine (the so-called "Sallomacian" of Gironde [at the Lower to Middle Miocene are exposed (Fig. Salles]; the "Helvetian" of Pyrénées-Atlantiques 1). These include the classic outcrops of the Aqui- [at Orthez]). This raises many questions. One of tanian stratotype and outcrops of the Burdigalian them concerns BENOIST's citation (1874: p. 287) stratotype. This territory is partially protected of the occurrence of the Recent species "Modulus and constitutes since 1982 the "Réserve Naturelle lenticularis (= Modulus modulus)" represented by Géologique de Saucats-La Brède" (Natural Geolo- two specimens in his collection (our Pl. 1, figs. 1- gical Reserve of Saucats-La Brède, RNG), which 8). No other specimen of Modulus was known was the first geological Reserve created in Fran- from the Serravallian of the Aquitaine Basin and ce. Most of the exposed strata belong to the the Modulus modulus species-group was conside- Lower Miocene (Aquitanian and Burdigalian) but a red to be exclusively American. However, the limited part of the section, at the site named "La specimens in BENOIST's collection from "Lassime" Sime, Cazenave" (now called Lassime), contains are really very close to the Modulus modulus of layers belonging to the marine Middle Miocene the Caribbean (see Pl. 1, figs. 9-12). Because BE- (Serravallian) (MAYER, 1858; LINDER, 1872). The NOIST has also acquired a certain (perhaps un- Serravallian deposits overlie the uppermost levels justified) reputation as a forger, at least in the of the local Burdigalian (Fig. 2). This section domain of Archaeology (GENDRY, 2015), the first shows therefore that a regional stratigraphical author (P. LOZOUET) had a long-standing hesita- gap exists corresponding to a hiatus including the tion before considering that these Modulus really Upper Burdigalian, the Langhian and the Lower came from the Serravallian of Aquitaine. Serravallian stages (LONDEIX & JAN DU CHÊNE, Today, consultation of another historical col- 1998; PARIZE et al., 2008). lection from Lassime (made in the 19th century) The macrofauna from this deposit, and in par- preserved at the University of Bordeaux (UB) fi- ticular the malacofauna, was listed long ago by nally clears all ambiguity because among the few BENOIST (1873, 1874) who identified 230 species. lots of preserved molluscs, there is a specimen of BENOIST (1845-1904), a dentist by profession, is Modulus identical to those from the BENOIST col- one of the main contributors to current knowled- lection. Therefore, we confirm that the Modulus ge of fossil molluscs from the Saucats Valley. His modulus species-group is really present in the collection was donated to, and has been partly pre- Middle Miocene of Aquitaine. Although we cannot served in, the Muséum de Bordeaux since 1900. affirm that BENOIST's lists are correct, this find Excavation of a new outcrop at the Lassime si- leads credence to the fact that some of the re- te (on the right bank of the stream) was carried cords are correct. Moreover, the molluscs in the out by the RNG. In the Serravallian stage, three UB collection show some embedded dark grey units have been distinguished. The Middle Mioce- sandy marl sediment, comparable to LINDER's ne sequence begins with a transgressive conglo- (1872: p. 472) description of an outcrop on the merate containing calcareous pebbles. Dating left bank of the river (below Cazenave farm, up- using strontium isotopes on Glycymeris shells (Bi- stream from Lassime) which supplied numerous valvia) provided an age of 12.9 ± 0.7 Ma for this small gastropods. In this outcrop the molluscs basal layer (Fig. 2, level B, CAHUZAC et al., 1997). were clearly better preserved than those in the Using non-reworked glauconite grains from the classic section currently still visible on the right top of the outcrop, the K-Ar method gave an esti- bank of the river. mated age of 11.6 ± 0.2 Ma (Fig. 1, level D). Un- 3. Modulidae fortunately, the molluscs are poorly preserved in this outcrop, except for very thick shells and lar- in the GRATELOUP collection ge bivalves with a calcitic shell (Pectinidae). Ne- From 1827 to 1847, the physician Jean-Pierre vertheless, the collections have allowed us to Sylvestre GRATELOUP (1782-1861)
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