IT’S COOPERATION, STUPID Charles Leadbeater IT’S COOPERATION, STUPID WHY RICHARD DAWKINS, THOMAS HOBBES AND MILTON FRIEDMAN GOT IT WRONG Charles Leadbeater IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Institute for Public Policy Research 2012 ABOUT IPPR IPPR, the Institute for Public Policy Research, is the UK’s leading progressive thinktank. We produce rigorous research and innovative policy ideas for a fair, democratic and sustainable world. We are open and independent in how we work, and with offices in London and the North of England, IPPR spans a full range of local and national policy debates. Our international partnerships extend IPPR’s influence and reputation across the world. IPPR 4th Floor 14 Buckingham Street London WC2N 6DF T: +44 (0)20 7470 6100 E:
[email protected] www.ippr.org Registered charity no. 800065 This paper was first published in March 2012. © 2012 The contents and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author only. They do not necessarily represent the view of directors or trustees of IPPR. CONTENTS Acknowledgments ........................................................ 5 1. The assumption of selfishness ................................... 7 2. The science of cooperation ..................................... 12 3. Designing for cooperation ....................................... 35 4. Cooperation policy in action .................................... 46 5. Our cooperative future ............................................. 57 References ................................................................. 62 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Nick Pearce at IPPR and Ed Mayo at Co-operatives UK for supporting this pamphlet and, along with Marc Stears, for providing very helpful comments while I was drafting it. IPPR wishes to thank Co-operatives UK for their intellectual and financial contribution to this paper. Co- operatives UK works to promote, develop and unite co-operative enterprises.