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Current Trends in Data Storage Backup and Restoration

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Current Trends in Data Storage Backup and Restoration Current Trends in Data Storage Backup and Restoration February 13, 2003 Tom Coughlin Coughlin Associates www.tomcoughlin.com Outline vStorage Demand Drivers vBackup and Recovery Trends vMajor Trends in Backup O Storage Hierarchy and Data Lifecycle O Tape Storage O Enhanced Backup O Disk Drive for Backup/Recovery O Form Factor Changes O Electrical Interface Development Information Details v Roughly 8 EB of digital data produced in 2002. v 90% of data on disk is never or seldom accessed after 90 days+ v 90% of digital data is on removable storage* v 80% of digital data is replicated data* v Disk utilization is often as low at 35-45% ^ v Disk storage is the most expensive component in the data center +Horison Information Services *UC Berkeley ^Gartner/Credit Suisse Need for Storage Administration Data Protection v Provide Business Continuity Even If Data Is: O Accidentally Erased or Modified O Maliciously or Accidentally Modified O Corrupted O Catastrophically Lost v Maintain an Accurate, Up-to-Date Copy of the Data v Do Not Allow This Copy to Get Modified, Corrupted, or Lost v Use This Copy to Get Back in Business Quickly Disaster recovery Depends upon effective backup and rapid data recovery. Costs of Site Downtime Brokerage $5.6M - $7.3M Credit Card Authorization $2.2M - $3.1M Home Shopping $87k - $140k Airline Reservations $67k - $112k Subway Ticket Sales $56k - $82k Parcel Shipping $24k - $32k ATM $12k - $17k This is why rapid recovery is critical! Gartner Group / Dataquest Many Backups are through Networks SANs connect: v Storage to Servers in the data center IP connects v Users to Servers on the LAN or Internet Data Lifecycle (modified from StorageTek) Capacity Disk Migration Recovery Time vs. Cost (from StorageTek) Tape Applications vLargest single application is in back-up (>75%). Remainder is archive vAbout half of average system price is for the autoloader systems and half is for the drives themselves vMost backup using Veritas or Legato backup software, little NT or Unix. vBiggest growth area is libraries for NAS or SAN systems StorageTek Tape Library Major Backup Tape Formats AIT DLT LTO Tape Benefits vGood Archival Medium O Shock Resistance O Packing Density O Transportability vCheap Media Cost Tape Challenges v Sequential Access O Slow data restoration v Degradation During Long DLT Tapes Needed Term Storage to Back-Up typical High-End NetApp Filer 40 O Re-tensioning, bleed 30 through, … 20 3X v Lack of Scalability with 10 0 Data Growth 1997 2003 O Capacity O Throughput v Periodic Verification Difficult O Especially if Offline Tape Capacity Growth Trend vs. Technology 100000 AIT (GB) DDS (GB) 10000 DLT LTO 1000 30% CAGR 60% CAGR 100% CAGR 100 120% CAGR Tape Capacity (GB) Tape Capacity 10 1 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Tape Market Observations vTape prices tend to be very stable, <5% price erosion on systems per year vAverage drive price is about $5k (S-DLT) vAverage tape price is about $50 (S-DLT) vTechnology changes such as areal density growth and data rate improvements much slower than disk drives (<60% CAGR in Areal Density growth) Enhanced Backup v More than 80% of the cost of backup is operational costs, mostly manpower, to support backup. v Since the core rate of tape technology development is different than disk backup, solutions with tape alone are scaling more slowly than the primary storage. v This leads to a “backup crisis!” v By enhancing traditional tape backup with disk based solutions we can help customers avoid a “backup crisis” and provide enhanced performance improvements as well. Enhanced Backup Exploit the Advantages of Disks to Protect Data O Random Access •Fast Data Restoration O Reliable O Scalable O Online Reliability Verification Backup Paradigm Shift Tape Tape Offsite Offsite Backup Backup Archive Archive Immediate Immediate Business Business Continuance Disk Continuance ??? Several Levels of Enhanced Backup Level 3: Continuous Backup with Read-Write Access Level 2: Changed-Block Backup with Read Access Level 1: Backup to Disk as Tape Image Enhanced Backup - Level 1 Backup to Disk as Tape Image O Data on Primary Storage Is Backed up to Nearline Disk Storage Using Traditional Backup Software O Data on Nearline Storage Is in Proprietary Format O Nearline Storage Is Backed up to Tape for Archiving Enhanced Backup - Level 1 UNIX Windows Server Server = File-level transfers Daily Incremental Network Backup Server Weekly / Monthly Full Disk Based Storage Tape Library Fast Data Access Enhanced Backup - Level 1 v Benefits O Faster Restores From Random-access Disk Storage O Eliminates the Need for Daily Incremental Backups to Tape O Integrates Into Your Existing Infrastructure v Challenges O Lots of Disk is Required for Full and Incremental Backups • One Byte Changed Causes Entire File to be Backed up O Restore Process Still Requires Human Intervention • Backup Copy Cannot Be Directly Accessed O Backing up Remote Offices Is Not Practical Using This Approach • Requires a Robust WAN Network Enhanced Backup - Level 2 Changed-Block Backup with Read Access v Data Is Backed up to Nearline Disk Storage O Only the Initial Backup to Nearline Storage Is a Full Backup O All Subsequent Backups Transfer Changed Data Only • Only Changed Blocks Are Stored v Backup Data on Nearline Storage Is in File Format O Can Be Browsed By Users Enhanced Backup (Level 2) SnapVault NetApp Solaris Windows Storage Server Server Hourly/Daily Incrementals Network Backup Server Only Remote Data Center Changed Weekly / Monthly Full Blocks Backup Server Stored Tape Library WAN Disk Storage System SnapMirror Enhanced Backup (Level 2) v Benefits O Superior Data Protection • More frequent backups can be done and kept online • Immediate verification of backup data O Fast Backups and Restores • Shrinks/eliminates the backup window O Lower Backup Infrastructure costs • Less storage utilized to store backup copies • User initiated file restores v Challenges O Files Need to Be Restored Before Use • Restore Is Delayed Until a New System or Free Disk Space Can Be Located O Doesn’t Solve Immediate Business Continuance • Separate Solution Required Enhanced Backup (Level 3) vContinuous Backup with Read-Write Access O Backup Data on Nearline Storage Can Be Made Write-able in the Event of a Disaster O Once the Primary Storage Is Available, the Data on the Nearline Storage Can Be Re- synced With the Primary Storage Enhanced Backup (Level 3) 1. Level 2 Backup / Replication 2. Primary Storage down; Target made read/write Source Target Source Target Replication Volume Volume Volume Volume (Read/Write) (Read) X (Read/Write) 3. Primary Storage available 4. Level 2 Backup / Replication Reinitiated Source Target Source Target Re-Sync Replication Volume Volume Volume Volume (Read) (Read/Write) (Read/Write) (Read) Enhanced Backup (Level 3) vBenefits O Superior Data Protection • More Frequent Backups Can Be Done and Kept Online • Immediate Verification of Backup Data O Lower Backup Infrastructure Costs • Less Storage Utilized to Store Backup Copies • User Initiated File Restores O Solves Backup and Business Continuance Issues •One Solution vChallenges O New Paradigm Addressing Traditional Backup Pain Points Backup Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Traditional Backup Pain Points to Tape Primary Storage impact during backup x 3 3 Backup window shrinking is an issue x 3 3 Restoring data takes a long time x 3 3 Takes a long time to verify backup data x x 3 3 Backups consume a lot of tape media x 3 3 Backups consume a lot of network bandwidth x x 3 3 Backup & restore process fails thereby requiring constant x 3 3 monitoring Restores normally require administrator involvement x x 3 3 Remote backups are not dependable and costly to manage x x 3 3 and administer xx DoesDoes notnot addressaddress HelpsHelps addressaddress 33 FullyFully addressesaddresses Nearline and Enterprise Drives Seagate Cheetah Product Western Digital Caviar Product 73.4 GB, 15,000 RPM, FC/SCSI 200 GB, 7,200 RPM, PATA Maxtor MaxLine Product Western Digital Raptor Product 320 GB, 5,400 RPM, SATA 36.7 GB, 10,000 RPM, SATA ATA-Based Storage Systems Quantum DX30 The DX30 separates backup functions from archive functions to optimize the data protection process. Nexsan ATABeast Nexsan's STK Bladestore product 14 TB for 7 cents a MB uses 5-3.5 inch drives on blade acting as one drive to a fibre channel output Nearline Storage Disk Drive Trends v Increasing storage and lower $/GB O Currently 60 and 80 GB/3.5 inch disk • Maxtor 320 GB, 4 disk, 5400 RPM • Maxtor, WD 200+ GB 7200 RPM O Next year 120-160 GB/3.5 inch disk O Within 2-3 years 1 TB 4-disk drive will happen! v New serial interfaces O Serial ATA (SATA) O Serial SCSI (SAS) v Growing use of external drive boxes with USB or 1394 interfaces v New small form factor drives for mobile devices O 1.8 inch 20+ GB drives and small drive developments External Drives (USB or Firewire) or with small NAS devices on a LAN Maxtor PS5000 SNAP Storage with one-touch Appliances backup iVDRiVDR IInformationnformation VVersatileersatile DDiskisk forfor RRemovableemovable usageusage Common HDD platform for PC and Consumer AV usage regardless of products and manufactures Compact and Removable Large Capacity and High-Speed Access Content/Data Protection Open Standard Possible Backup NAS Device using iVDR drives Estimated ASP Trends 1000 900 ENTERPRISE 800 PORTABLE DESKTOP 700 600 500 Price ($) 400 300 200 100 0 1990E 1992E 1994E 1996 1998 2000 2002E AREAL DENSITY PROGRESSION (Source: PRC, 2002) 160 n 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Areal Density (Gb/i 0 Q1 2000 Q1 2000 Q2 2000 Q3 2000 Q4 2001 Q1 2001 Q2 2001 Q3 2001 Q4 2002 Q1 2002 Q2 2002 Q3 2002 Q4 TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT 19 SHIPPING PRODUCT AREAL DENSITY PROJECTIONS Year Areal Density CAGR 95mm Avg.
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