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Paper Format Int. J. of Sustainable Water and Environmental Systems Volume 6, No. 1 (2014) 35 - 43 An Appraisal of Genus Riccia in India with a Note on Diversity and Distribution of Species Sushil Kumar Singh Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong – 793 003, India Abstract A review of Indian Riccia’s has been made and 36 valid species are accepted. 12 species viz., R. attenuata, R. ciliata, R. crispatula, R. crozalsii, R. curtisii, R. glauca, R. haskarliana, R. hirta, R. mangalorica, R. perssonii, R. stricta and R. warnstorfii are rare and found in restricted pockets of the country. Except Riccia abuensis and R. fluitans (aquatic species) all are terrestrial. Riccia poihaiana A.E.D.Daniels & P.Daniel is proposed to place under synonymy of R. billardieri Mont. & Nees. The occurrence of Riccia squamata, R. duplex and R. dictyospora recorded in Indian bryoflora is treated here doubtful. The notes on Riccia lucknowensis A.Gupta &Udar and R. nagalandensis D.D.Pant & Bhowmik ex S.K.Chaturv. & S.Chaturv. (both invalid species) are given. The taxonomy, diversity and distribution and notes wherever required are provided. Keywords: Marchantiophyta, Riccia, India, Taxonomy, Distribution. cruciata Kashyap, R. sanguinea Kashyap (= R. frostii) and R. himalayensis Kashyap (= R. discolor Lehm. & Lindenb.) 1. Introduction mainly from Western Himalyas. Later, he [7] described R. melanospora Kashyap from Hoshiarpur and reported R. The genus Riccia is the largest genus of thallose liverwort fluitans and Ricciocarpus natans (L.) Corda from Western in India. The members the genus are very simple, primitive in Himalaya. Ahmad [8] instituted R. gangetica Ahmad, R. morphology and anatomy and characterized by usually linear mangalorica Ahmad, and R. orientalis Ahmad (= R. hirta or oblong thalli differentiated in to photosynthetic and storage (Austin) Underw.) from Lucknow, Mangalore and Kumaon zone and with or without simple air pores, sporophytes respectively. Pande and Ahmad [9] reported R. curtisii (James embedded in the thallus. They differ from the other bryophytes ex Austin) Austin from Lucknow. Kachroo [10] instituted R. in having fertile plant without involucres, pseudoperianths, kashyapii Kachroo (=R. huebeneriana Lindenb.) from seta, cleistocarpous capsules, elaters etc., and occupy unique Guwahati and reported R. glauca L. from there. position in bryophyte systematics. They are unique in their The studies on the genus Riccia in India was in fact accelerated habits in having the tendency to grow in rosettes (a unique by the Department of Botany, Loucknow University, where feature of the genus). Prof. S.K.Pande and Prof. Ram Udar contributed The earliest record of Riccia from India is found in the predominantly on the genus of the country and published a posthumous memoirs of William Griffith [1,2] who has given series of papers. Udar [11,12] reported R. sorocarpa Bisch. and an illustrated account of a species of Riccia from Assam, which R. huebeneriana from Sikkim Himalayas and R. crozalsii Lev., is referable to R. frostii Austin. Mitten [3] perhaps was the R. warnstorfii Limpr. from Ootacamund, South India. Three pioneer researcher who dealt comprehensively with Indian species, R. aravalliensis Pande & Udar, R. tuberculata Pande Riccia’s and reported five species viz R. ciliata Hoffm. R. & Udar (=R. grollei Udar) and R. attenuata Pande were crystallina, R. discolor Lehm. & Lindenb., R. fluitans L. and R. Instituted from Mount Abu, Nilgiris and Kamakhya Hill squamata Nees from different part of India. Later, Stephani respectively by Pande and Udar [13,14,15]. Udar [16,17] [4,5] in his world hepatics census reported R. discolor, R. instituted R. pandei Udar and R. reticulatula Udar from Pauri- bulbifera Steph. (= R. billardieri Mont. & Nees), R. Garhwal and Pilani, Rajasthan respectively. microspora Steph. (= R. frostii) and R. gollani Steph. (=R. Kachroo [18] established a new species, R. pimodii Kachroo discolor) from India. (=R. billardieri) from Burdwan, West Bengal. Bapna [19] Kashyap [6] instituted five species viz., R. pathankotensis described R. jodhpurensis Bapna from Jodhpur. Subsequently, Kashyap, R. robusta Kashyap (=R. cavernosa Hoffm.), R. Bapna [20] instituted one more species R. abuensis Bapna from * Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9436705790 Fax: +91 364 2224119; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] © 2014 International Association for Sharing Knowledge and Sustainability DOI: 10.5383/swes.06.01.0004 35 S. K. Singh / Int. J. of Sustainable Water and Environmental Systems, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2014) 35 - 43 Mount Abu. These records and many other regional ones were W. Himal. 1 (Suppl.): 7. 1932. Riccia poihaiana A.E.D.Daniels reviewed well by Srivastava [21], who accepted occurrence of & P.Daniel, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 44: 135. 2002. syn. nov. 29 species of the genus in the country. He provided the detailed Distrib.: Andaman [43], Assam [15], Gujarat [44], Himachal account of 18 species and distribution all 29 earlier reported Pradesh [45], Jharkhand [4], Karnataka [14,21], Kerala [30], species. In recent years eight species viz., R. udarii Kanwal, R. Madhya Pradesh [46, 21], Maharashtra [21], Manipur [47], indica Udar & A.Gupta, R. lucknowensis A.Gupta & Udar, R. Rajasthan [48], Sikkim [31], Tamil Nadu [21, 26], Uttar indiragandhii Dabhade & Akhtar Hasan ‘indira-gandhiensis’, Pradesh [21,49,50], Uttarakhand [16,21], West Bengal (4,10, R. nagalandensis D.D.Pant & Bhowmik ex S.K.Chaturv. & 21,51,52,53], Bangladesh [54], Indonesia [55], Nepal [56], S.Chaturv., R. poihaiana A.E.D.Daniels & P.Daniel, R. Philippines [57], Sri Lanka [32], Thailand [58], Australia [59]. velimalaiana A.E.D.Daniels & P.Daniel, R. coracina Jovet-Ast were instituted from different part of the country [22, Notes: Riccia poihana was described from Poihai reservoir, 23,24,25,26,27,28] and three species viz., R. perssonii Khan, R. Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu by Daniels and Daniel [26]. A study stricta (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Perold and R. haskarliana of type (P. Daniel 01!) deposited at Herbarium of Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore (MH) Steph. [29,30,31] recorded as new to India. A number of regional reports are also published in different journals and reveals it is not different than the Riccia billardieri. Hence, R. books; they are annotated in the distribution of the species in poihana is proposed to synonym de novo of Riccia billardieri parenthesis.In this study, a total of 36 species are accepted here. from India. The bryo-geographically they are distributed as Riccia cavernosa Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2: 95.1796 emend. below: Raddi, Opusc. Sci. (Bologna) 12: 351. 1818. R. robusta Western Himalaya (18): R. aravalliensis, R. beyrichiana, R. Kashyap, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 348. 1916. billardieri, R. cavernosa, R. cruciata, R. crystallina, R. curtisii, R. Distrib.: Himachal Pradesh [7], Madhya Pradesh [60]), discolor, R. fluitans, R. frostii, R. gangetica, R. hirta, R. indica, R. Nagaland [28], Uttar Pradesh [7,61], Rajasthan [48], melanospora, R. pandei, R. Pathankotensis, R. sorocarpa, R. udarii. Bangladesh [62], Iran [63], Macronesia [36] Nepal [56], Pakistan [6], Russia [38], Africa [64], Australia [59], Europe Western Ghats (18): R. billardieri, R. coracina, R. crozalsii, R. cruciata, R. crystallina, R. discolor, R. fluitans, R. frostii, R. gangetica, [40], North America [42] South America [65]. R. grollei, R. huebeneriana, R. indiragandhii, R. mangalorica, R. Riccia ciliata Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2 (Cryptog.): 95. "1795" melanospora, R. sorocarpa, R. stricta, R. velimalaiana, R. warnstorfii. 1796. Riccia trichocarpa M.Howe Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: Eastern Himalaya (16): R. attenuata, R. beyrichiana, R. billardieri, R. 184. 1898. cavernosa, R. ciliata, R. crispatula, R. cruciata, R. discolor, R. fluitans, Distrib.: Odisha [66] Sikkim [21], West Bengal [3], Iran [63], R. frostii, R. gangetica, R. glauca, R. haskarliana, R. huebeneriana, R. Macronesia [36], New Zealand [67] Russia [38], Turkey [68], sorocarpa, R. stricta. Africa [64], Europe [40], North America [42] South America Punjab and West Rajasthan (17): R. abuensis, R. aravalliensis, R. [65]. billardieri, R. cavernosa, R. cruciata, R. crystallina, R. discolor, R. fluitans, R. frostii, R. gangetica, R. grollei, R. jodhpurensis, R. Riccia coracina Jovet-Ast, Cryptog. Bryol. 24: 212. 2003. mangalorica, R. melanospora, R. pathankotensis, R. reticulatula, R. Distrib.: Tamil Nadu [27], endemic. warnstorfii. Riccia crispatula Mitt., Proc. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 127. 1861. Gangetic plains (14): R. billardieri, R. cavernosa, R. cruciata, R. Distrib.: Odisha (69), West Bengal [70], Sri Lanka [32]. crystallina, R. curtisii, R. discolor, R. fluitans, R. frostii, R. gangetica, R. hirta, R. huebeneriana, R. melanospora, R. perssonii, R. sorocarpa Riccia crozalsii Lev. in Rev. Bryol. 29: 73. 1902. Distrib.: Tamil Nadu [12], Iran [63], Macronesia [36], New Central India (11): R. billardieri, R. cavernosa, R. crystallina, R. Zealand [67], Turkey [68], Africa [64], Australia [59], Europe discolor, R. fluitans, R. frostii, R. gangetica, R. grollei, R. [40]. huebeneriana, R. melanospora, R. stricta. Eastern Ghat & Deccan Peninsula (7): R. billardieri, R. ciliata, R. Riccia cruciata Kashyap, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 349. coracina, R. crispatula, R. fluitans, R. glauca, R. pathankotensis. 1916. Distrib.: Kerala [21], Maharashtra [71], Nagaland [28], Andaman & Nicobar Islands (1): R. billardieri. Punjab [6,7], Uttarakhand [72,73,33], Uttar Pradesh [21,49],
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