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PCB D Tesis 2014 Hiatzy Zap ~·-> ( POSGRADO EN ( ) CIENCIAS ....... ( BIOLÓGICAS CICY Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Posgrado En Ciencias Biológicas Opción Biotecnología ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE, ANALGÉSICA Y ANTIINFLAMATORIA DE METABOLITOS DE LA FLORA NATIVA DE LA PENÍNSULA DE YUCATÁN Tesis que presenta HIATZY EISLIN ZAPATA ESTRELLA En opción al título de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS (Ciencias biológicas: Opción Biotecnología) Mérida, Yucatán, México 2014 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA DE YUCATAN , A. C. POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS CICY RECONOCIMIENTO Por medio de la presente, hago constar que el trabajo de tesis titulado "Actividad antioxidante, analgésica y antiinflamatoria de metabolitos aislados de la flora nativa de la península de Yucatán" fue realizado en los laboratorios de la Unidad de Biotecnología del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. bajo la dirección del Dr. Luis Manuel Peña Rodríguez dentro de la opción de Biotecnología, perteneciente al Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias de este Centro. Atentamente, \ír. Manuel Martín ez Estévez Director de Docencia Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C . Mérida, Yucatán, México; a de diciembre de 2014 DECLARACIÓN DE PROPIEDAD Declaro que la información contenida en la sección de Materiales y Métodos Experimentales, los Resultados y Discusión de este documento proviene de las actividades de experimentación realizadas durante el período que se me asignó para desarrollar mi trabajo de tesis, en las Unidades y Laboratorios del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., y que a razón de lo anterior y en contraprestación de los servicios educativos o de apoyo que me fueron brindados, dicha información, en términos de la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor y la Ley de la Propiedad Industrial, le pertenece patrimonialmente a dicho Centro de Investigación. Por otra parte, en virtud de lo ya manifestado, reconozco que de igual manera los productos intelectuales o desarrollos tecnológicos que deriven o pudieran derivar de lo correspondiente a dicha información, le pertenecen patrimonialmente al Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán , A.C., y en el mismo tenor, reconozco que si derivaren de este trabajo productos intelectuales o desarrollos tecnológicos, en lo especial , estos se regirán en todo caso por lo dispuesto por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor y la Ley de la Propiedad Industrial, en el tenor de lo expuesto en la presente Declaración. AGRADECIMIENTOS Al consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) por el apoyo financiero a través de la beca de Doctorado 20209 y la Beca mixta para la estancia en la Universidad de UNIVALI , ltajaí, SC , Brasil. Al Programa de Cooperación Bilateral México-Brasil. CONACYT -Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Al Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), por las facilidades para la realización de este proyecto, asi como por la Beca de Movilidad CICY 2012, de manera especial a la Unidad de Biotecnología,asr como a la subdirección de Posgrado por su amable atención. A los integrantes de mi comité tutora! y comité revisor por todas las aportaciones hechas a mi trabajo de tesis. Al Dr. Valdir Cechinel Filho y Ora Nara L Meira Quintao de la Universidad de UNIVALI, por sus valiosos consejos y comentarios durante mi estancia en ltajaf, al igual que a su equipo de trabajo. A los técnicos, QBB. Karlina García Sosa , y QBB. Fabiola Escalante Erosa, por toda la ayuda brindada a lo largo de mi doctorado. A mis compañeros del Laboratorio 2 de Química Orgánica. A Azeret D. M. Sánchez-Pardenill e lvan Mijangos Ramos por enriquecer el proyecto,por darme la oportunidad de aprender junto con ustedes, ¡gracias! A mis amigos del doctorado, Edilia De la Rosa y Glendy Polanco, por el valioso intercambio de ideas. Un agradecimiento y dedicadoria especial a mi gran amigo Alejandro Yam Puc, la entrega y amor que demuestra a la Química Organica es aliciente para mi,muchas gracias por siempre estar a mi lado. De manera especial agradezco al Dr. Luis Manuel Peña Rodríguez, que sin su apoyo y confianza no hubiese podido llevar a cabo este proyecto, le agradezco las discusiones, amonestaciones, de vuelta las dicusiones, consejos, anectodas y debates filosóficos, pero sobre todo por su paciencia y dedicación en mi formacion academica a lo largo del doctorado. DEDICATORIAS A Max, Alondra y mi xtup A mis padres Raúl y Gretty "El que no posee el don de maravillarse ni de entusiasmarse más le valdría estar muerto, porque sus ojos están cerrados"Aibert Einstein. fndice general ÍNDICE GENERAL ABREVIATURAS ......................... ....... ........ ..... ....................................................... ....... XI INDICE DE FIGURAS .................. ...................... ......................... ... .... ............... ... ....... XIII IN DICE DE CUADROS .... ................. .......................................... ............................... ... XV RESUMEN ........... .. .. .......... ...... .. ... .... ...... .. .... ... .. ..... ..... .. .................. ... .......... .. ............. .. 1 ABSTRACT .. ......... ....... .... .. .... ............................ .. ..... .... .... ..... ..... ..... ... .. .... .. ..... ..... .... .... 4 CAPITULO 1................................... .. .. .... .. .... ... .. ... ........... .. .. ................... ................... 6 INTRODUCCIÓN .................. ............................................ .. .. .. ...... .. .. ............................ 6 1ANTECEDENTES ............. .. ....... ............................... ................................................... 9 1.1 MECANISMOS DE LA INFLAMACIÓN DOLOROSA ................................................... 9 1.2 ESPECIES REACTIVAS DE OXIGENO Y EL ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO ..................... .... 11 1.3 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES REACTIVAS DE OXIGENO EN EL PROCESO NOCICEPTIVO ..... .... ........ ... ................................ .. ........ .... ....................................... 13 1.4 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS ERO EN EL PROCESO INFLAMATORIO ........................ 14 1.5 ANTIOXIDANTES ................................................................ .................. .. .. .. ........... 16 1.6 ANALGÉSICOS ...................................................................................................... 18 1.7 ANTIINFLAMATORIOS ........ .... ................. .... ... ................ ....................................... 20 1.8 MODELOS ANIMALES PARA EL ESTUDIO DE TRATAMIENTOS FARMACOLÓGICOS PARA EL DOLOR E INFLAMACIÓN ..................................... .... 21 1.9 MÉTODOS EMPLEADOS PARA DETECTAR ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE .............. 23 1.10 PRODUCTOS NATURALES CON ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE, ANALGÉSICA Y ANTIINFLAMATORIA ......... .... ............ ................. ... ................................................... 25 1.11 LA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y LOS PRODUCTOS NATURALES ................. .. ..... ..... ........ ...... ... .... ............... .. .. ... .................................... 27 1.12 FLORA NATIVA CON PROPIEDADES ANALGÉSICAS Y ANTIINFLAMATORIAS DE LA PENÍNSULA DE YUCATÁN .. ..... .... ..... ....................... ............. ... ........................... 27 1.13 INFORMACIÓN ETNOMÉDICA, FARMACOLÓGICA Y FITOQUIMICA DE, Acmel/a pilosa, Ca/ea urticifolia, Cnidosco/us souzae, Critonia aromatisans y Scutel/aria gaumeri ........................ ...... .. .... ......................................................... .. ......................... .... 28 1.13.1 Acmel/apilosa R. K. CANSEN (ASTERACEAE) .. ............................... ............... 28 1.13.2 Ca/ea urticifolia (MILLER) OC (ASTERACEAE) ...... ............... ............................. 29 1.13.3 Cnidosco/us souzae, MCVAUGH (EUPHORBIACEAE) ....................................... 30 1.13.4 Critonia aromatisans (OC .) R.M. KING Y H. ROB.SYN . Eupatorium hemipteropodum ROBINSON (ASTERACEAE) .............................. ..................... ... ............ ... ............ 31 1.13.5 Scutelfaria gaumeri, LEONARD. (LAMIACEAE) ..................... ..... .................... 32 1.14 JUSTIFICACIÓN .............................................................................. .. .................. 34 vii lndice general 1.15 HIPÓTESIS ..... .. .......... .. ................................................................................... .... 36 1.15.1 OBJETIVOS ............ .. .. .. ................... ......... .. ................................... ... ........ ... .. ... 36 1.15 .1.1 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS ..................................... .. ........ .. .. .. .... ................... 36 1.16 ESTRATEGIA EXPERIMENTAL ............................................................................ 37 1.7 REFERENCIAS .. .... .. ........................................................................................ .. ... 39 CAPITULO 11 ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y ANALGÉSICA DE PLANTAS NATIVAS DE LA FLORA DE YUCATÁN .. ......... .... .. ........ ................. .. ........ .. ........... ... ...................... 48 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CAPITULO .......................... .. .................. .... .. .. .... ......................... 48 2.1 ANTIOXIDANT ANO ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM THE NATIVE FLORA OF THE YUCA TAN PENINSULA .... .. ................ .. .. .......... 49 2.2 ABSTRACT ..................... ..... ........ .. .. ...... .. ........ ...... .. ................ .... .. ............ .. .......... 49 2.3 INTRODUCTION ... ............
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