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Environmental Contaminants, Parasitism, and Neoplasia in White Perch Morone Americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA

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Environmental Contaminants, Parasitism, and Neoplasia in White Perch Morone Americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2020 Environmental contaminants, parasitism, and neoplasia in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA Mark Arnold Matsche [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Environmental Health Commons, Toxicology Commons, and the Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology Commons Recommended Citation Matsche, Mark Arnold, "Environmental contaminants, parasitism, and neoplasia in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA" (2020). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 7955. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7955 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Environmental contaminants, parasitism, and neoplasia in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA Mark Arnold Matsche Dissertation submitted to the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resource and Design at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Resources Science Patricia Mazik, Ph.D., Committee Chair Vicki S. Blazer, Ph.D. Stuart Welsh, Ph.D. Kyle Hartman, Ph.D. Wildlife and Fisheries Resources Program Morgantown, West Virginia 2020 Keywords: Coccidia, Goussia bayae, Myxozoa, Myxidium murchelanoi, Liver, Histopathology, Spleen, Macrophage aggregates, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Biliary metabolites Copyright 2020 Mark Arnold Matsche Abstract Environmental contaminants, parasitism, and disease in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA Mark Arnold Matsche White perch are an abundant demersal fish species in freshwater and oligohaline habitats of the Chesapeake Bay. An avoidance of salinity > 12-15 ppt generally restricts the distribution and movements of fish to within tributaries in the mid to lower Bay, which over time has resulted in the formation of at least three separate stocks in Chesapeake Bay. Sub-populations of white perch that are partially isolated may serve as sentinels of the conditions or stressors in the tributaries in which they reside. Fish are exposed to a variety of environmental contaminants and other anthropogenic stressors that can vary in magnitude based on regional differences in land- use patterns. Health studies of white perch conducted in the 1980s and 1990s revealed a variety of hepatic lesions, including two reports of liver neoplasms, which suggested a sensitivity to degraded habitat or pollution. However, surveys to determine prevalences and potential etiologies of tumors were not determined and the health of white perch in Chesapeake Bay was not investigated again until the studies reported herein. Recent health investigations has revealed associations between neoplasms (cholangiocarcinomas) and bile duct parasites (coccidian and myxozoan) that were not previously described from white perch. These findings raised questions concerning the potential roles of contaminants and parasitism in liver tumor induction in this species. To address knowledge gaps associated with the prevalence and etiology of tumors in white perch, an assessment of environmental contaminants, biomarkers of exposure, biliary parasites, and liver histopathology was required. This study was conducted in two tributaries of the Bay: the Choptank River, an eastern shore tributary with extensive watershed agriculture, and the Severn River, a western shore tributary with extensive development. This dissertation addresses: 1) descriptions and taxonomic placement of the coccidian and myxozoan parasites; 2) measurement of waterborne concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides, and brominated diphenyl ethers; 3) detection of biliary metabolites as a biomarker of exposures to PAHs; 4) a histopathological description of parasitic infections, neoplasms and other lesions in the liver of fish; 5) an assessment of the biological and anthropogenic risk factors for neoplasia; and 6) an assessment of splenic and hepatic macrophage aggregates as an alternate biomarker of contaminant exposure. Dedication For my patient and loving family iv Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and the United States Geological Survey’s Environmental Health and Ecosystem (Chesapeake Bay) programs for funding this research. I would like to acknowledge my committee Pat Mazik, Vicki Blazer, Stuart Welsh and Kyle Hartman. Heather Walsh and Cynthia Adams of the USGS Leetown Science Center collaborated with the parasite descriptions, and Erin Pulster and Justin Mrowicki of the University of South Florida collaborated on bile analysis. I would like to thank Alex MacLeod of the University of Maryland and personnel at the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Chesapeake Bay Field Office for help with fish and contaminant collections. v Foreword This dissertation is comprised of seven chapters and has been written in the style of manuscripts associated with journals. Chapters two and three are written in the format of Journal of Parasitology. Chapter Four is written in the format of Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. Chapters five, six, and seven are written in the style of Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. vi Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... v Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ vi Chapter One: Introduction and Literature Review .......................................................................... 1 Biology and population dynamics .............................................................................................. 1 Parasites ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Habitat deterioration and contaminants .................................................................................... 15 Hepatic and biliary alterations or disease ................................................................................. 23 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 25 Research goals .......................................................................................................................... 26 Literature Cited ......................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter Two: NEWLY DESCRIBED COCCIDIA GOUSSIA BAYAE FROM WHITE PERCH MORONE AMERICANA: MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENETICS SUPPORT EMERGING TAXONOMY OF GOUSSIA WITHIN PISCINE HOSTS .......................................................... 41 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 41 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 42 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................................. 44 DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................... 47 Taxonomic summary ............................................................................................................ 48 vii Remarks ................................................................................................................................ 48 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 50 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................................. 54 Figures....................................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 1 ................................................................................................................................. 57 Figure 2 ................................................................................................................................. 58 Figure 3 ................................................................................................................................. 59 Figure 4 ................................................................................................................................
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