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Denticulata Nobili, 1906 JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1995, 29, 619-671 ^ C&LFS^Q /j*. •///. /99r/ A revision of the 'petitthouarsii' species-group of the genus Periclimenes Costa, 1844 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) Z. DURISt and A. J. BRUCE* f Institute of Ecology, University of Ostrava, Hladnovska 9, 710 00 Ostrava 2, Czech Republic $ Division of Natural Sciences, Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia (Accepted 14 February 1994) Four Periclimenes species are assigned to 2 new genera and 2 new species are described and illustrated. The new genera are closely related, the characters that distinguish these taxa from other pontoniine shrimps are discussed. Both the genera are distributed within the Indo-West Pacific area. A key to the revised 'petitthouarsii species-group is provided. KEYWORDS: Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Pontoniinae, Periclimenes, taxonomy, Indo-West Pacific. Introduction The pontoniine shrimp genus Periclimenes Costa, 1844, inhabits tropical and temperate marine waters of the world. About 150 species have been established up to the present time and these cover a wide range of habits from free-living shrimps to highly specialized associates of various marine invertebrates. As a result, several natural groups of species may be found within this extensive genus. An opportunity arose to examine material of some interesting shrimps related to a group of species, P. petitthouarsii (Audouin, 1826), P. petitthouarsii var. spinifera De Man, 1902, P. denticulatus (Nobili, 1906), and P. sibogae Holthuis, 1952. New data obtained during this study, including a description of 2 new species, have allowed us to distinguish a group of species from the genus Periclimenes, and to establish 2 new genera occupying rather peculiar systematic positions within the palaemonid subfamily Pontoniinae, sharing several characters usually found in shrimps of the subfamily Palaemoninae. Only restricted synonymies of known species are given in the present paper, a full synonymy has been published by Holthuis (1952). The following abbreviations are used in the text: CL, postorbital length of the carapace; MNHN, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; NMNH, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington; NTM, Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, Darwin; QM, Queensland Museum, Brisbane; RMNH, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden; ZMM, Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Moscow; and ZMA, Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam. 0022-2933/95 $10-00 © 1995 Taylor & Francis Ltd. 620 Z. Duris and A. J. Bruce New genera Family Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1878 Exoclimenella gen. no v. Diagnosis. Free-living marine palaemonid shrimps. Body slender, rostrum compressed, longer than postorbital length of carapace, provided with teeth; carapace with epigastric, antennal and hepatic spines, supraorbital spine present or absent; 4th thoracic sternite with median process, 5th sternite with transverse ridge with pair of long acute submedian processes; abdomen slender, pleura of 1st 4 segments broadly rounded; telson elongate narrowing distally into subtriangular posterior border terminating by median process, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 3 pairs of posterior spines; eyes large, cornea globular, small accessory pigment spot present dorsolateral^ behind cornea; basal antennular segment with ventromedial spine and distolateral tooth, and with statocyst, stylocerite slender, last 2 segments of antennular peduncle short, upper antennular flagellum biramous with proximal part fused; scaphocerite slender, 4 or more times longer than broad, tapering distally into truncate tip, lateral margin concave with strong distal tooth overreaching end of lamina; mandibles with reduced, 1- or 2-segmented palp, or without palp, brush-like setae present on molar process; exopods present on all maxillipeds, epipods on 1 st and 2nd maxillipeds, lateral coxal flange on 3rd maxilliped; 2nd maxilliped with finger-like podobranch, 2 arthrobranchs present on 3rd maxilliped; 1st pereiopods slender, chela with fingers longer than palm, fingers subspatulate laterally and provided with denticulate cutting edges situated medially; 2nd pereiopods strong and dissimilar, major chela without sound-producing fossae on cutting edges; last 3 pereiopods slender, ambulatory dactyli simple; shape of uropods normal. Type species. Periclimenes Petitthouarsi var. denticulata Nobili, 1906. Etymology. Combined from Latin ex, out of, and Periclimenella, name of the closely related genus. Gender. Feminine. Remarks. Two species, Periclimenes denticulatus Nobili, 1906, and P. sibogae Holthuis, 1952, are assigned to this new genus and 2 new species are described. Generic distribution. Known from limited localities within the Indo-West Pacific Area including Red Sea, Maldives, Indonesia, Marshall Islands, Tuamotu, South China Sea, and Queensland, Australia. Periclimenella gen. no v. Diagnosis. Free-living marine palaemonid shrimps. Body slender, rostrum compressed, longer than postorbital length of carapace, provided with teeth; carapace with epigastric, antennal and hepatic spines, supraorbital spine present or absent; 4th thoracic sternite with median process, 5th sternite with pair of transverse carinae; abdomen slender, pleura of 1st 4 segments broadly rounded; telson elongate narrowing distally into subtriangular posterior border terminating with median process, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 3 pairs of posterior spines; eyes large, cornea globular, small accessory pigment spot present dorsolaterally behind cornea; basal antennular segment bearing ventromedial tooth and distolateral tooth, with statocyst, stylocerite slender, last 2 segments of antennular peduncle short, upper antennular flagellum biramous with proximal parts fused; scaphocerite slender. 4 X longer than broad, tapering distally into Revision of 'petitthouarsii' 621 truncate tip, lateral margin slightly concave with strong distal tooth overreaching end of lamina; mandibles without palp, brush-like setae present on molar process; exopods present on all maxillipeds, epipods on 1st and 2nd maxillipeds, lateral coxal flange on 3rd maxilliped; 2nd maxilliped with finger-like podobranch, one arthrobranch present on 3rd maxilliped; 1st pereiopods slender, chela with fingers longer than palm, fingers subspatulate medially and provided with lateral denticulate cutting edges; 2nd pereiopods strong and dissimilar, major chela with sound-producing fossae on cutting edges; last 3 pereiopods slender, ambulatory dactyli simple; uropods normal. Type species. Palaemon Petitthouarsii Audouin, 1826. Etymology. The generic name is derived from Periclimenes and Palaemonella, the names of 2 pontoniine genera related to the new genus. Remarks. Two species, Periclimenes petitthouarsii (Audouin, 1826) and P. petitthoarsii var. spinifera De Man, 1902, are assigned to this new genus. Gender. Feminine. Generic distribution. Indo-West Pacific area. Generic discussion The presence of 2 arthrobranchs on the 3rd maxillipeds places Exoclimenella gen.nov. closely to the subfamily Palaemoninae, however, the posterior telson armament is typical of pontoniine shrimps. The presence of the mandibular palp in some species and of 2 arthrobranchs on the 3rd maxilliped clearly distinguishes species of the present new genus from their previous genus Periclimenes. Those characters, together with the median sternal spine on the 4th thoracic somite, indicate that the new genus belongs to the most primitive genera of the subfamily Pontoniinae. On the other hand, all the species of the genus have specialized cutting edges on the fingers of the 1st pereiopods. Thus, the former data introduce the new genus as intermediate between the palaemonid subfamilies Palaemoninae and Pontoniinae, but the other features place it in the latter subfamily, in a position between the group of lower genera (such as Palaemonella, Vir and Eupontonia) and the large group of highly specialized remaining genera. Periclimenella gen.nov. is closely related to Exoclimenella gen.nov. Both genera have 3 pairs of posterior telson spines which clearly place them in the subfamily Pontoniinae. Periclimenella gen. nov. is more advanced lacking the mandibular palp and the upper arthrobranch on the 3rd maxilliped, and differs from Exoclimenella gen. nov., as well as from all species of the related genus Periclimenes, by the presence of highly specialised sound-producing structures on the major 2nd chela. The presence of the single median process on the 4th thoracic sternite brings both new genera in the relationship with Palaemonella and several more primitive species of Periclimenes. The latter character, if combined with pectinate cutting edges of spatulate fingers of the 1st pereiopods and simple ambulatory dactyli, distinguishes species of Periclimenella gen.nov. from the species with which they were formerly associated in the genus Periclimenes. Periclimenella gen.nov. may also be easily distinguished from Exoclimenella gen.nov. by the medial, instead of lateral, position of the concavity on fingers of the 1st pereiopods, and by the absence of the pair of the long and acute submedian processes on the 5th thoracic sternite. 622 Z. Duris and A. J. Bruce New species Exoclimenella maldivensis, sp.nov. (Figs 1-5) Material. R/V Akademik Petrovskii, cruise IX, st. 34; Genego Islet, North Nilandu Atoll, Maldive Islands; outer reef-slope, 20 m, SCUBA, coral head of Seriatopora sp., coll. ;34(4),
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