DOCSLIB.ORG

Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan PRIVATE ACADEMIES

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MEHL Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan PRIVATE ACADEMIES The Decline and Transformation of the Kangaku Juku ACADEMIES PRIVATE OF CHINESE LEARNING IN MARGARET MEHL The establishment of a national education system soon after the MEIJI JAPAN Meiji Restoration of 1868 is recognized as a significant factor in Japan’s modernization, hence research on education is concen- trated on the state system. However, this development did not The Decline and Transformation mean the disappearance of the juku, the private academies that were so much a feature of the Tokugawa period. Indeed, these of the Kangaku Juku played a far greater role than has been appreciated so far and this book aims to rectify the omission. Not only does this compre- hensive study of a little-known but significant area contribute to OF CHINESE LEARNING IN a better understanding of education in the Meiji period but also it is relevant to Japan’s public education system today. MARGARET MEHL MEIJI JAPAN www.niaspress.dk Mehl-pbk_cover.indd 1 20/4/05 9:27:30 Mehl_prelims Page i Tuesday, April 19, 2005 5:12 PM PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESE LEARNING IN MEIJI JAPAN Mehl_prelims Page ii Tuesday, April 19, 2005 5:12 PM NORDIC INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES Recent Monographs 67. Asta Olesen: Islam and Politics in Afghanistan 68. Hans Antlöv: Exemplary Centre, Administrative Periphery 69. Arne Kalland: Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan 70. Weng Eang Cheong: The Hong Merchants of Canton 71. Christine Dobbin: Asian Entrepreneurial Minorities 72. Eldrid Mageli: Organising Women’s Protest 73. Vibeke Børdahl: The Oral Tradition of Yangzhou Storytelling 74. Cecilia Nathansen Milwertz: Accepting Population Control 75. Sharifah Zaleha Syed Hassan and Sven Cederroth: Managing Marital Disputes in Malaysia 76. Antoon Geels: Subud and the Javanese Mystical Tradition 77. Kristina Lindell, Jan-Öjvind Swahn and Damrong Tayanin: Folk Tales from Kammu – VI: A Story-Teller’s Last Tales 78. Alain Lefebvre: Kinship, Honour and Money in Rural Pakistan 79. Christopher E. Goscha: Thailand and the Southeast Asian Networks of the Vietnamese Revolution, 1885–1954 80. Helle Bundgaard: Indian Art Worlds in Contention 81. Niels Brimnes: Constructing the Colonial Encounter 82. Ian Reader: Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan 83. Bat-Ochir Bold: Mongolian Nomadic Society 84. Shaheen Sardar Ali and Javaid Rehman: Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities of Pakistan 85. Michael D. Barr: Lee Kuan Yew: The Beliefs Behind the Man 86. Tessa Carroll: Language Planning and Language Change in Japan 87. Minna Säävälä: Fertility and Familial Power 88. Mario Rutten: Rural Capitalists in Asia 89. Jörgen Hellman: Performing the Nation 90. Olof G. Lidin: Tanegashima – The Arrival of Europe in Japan 91. Lian H. Sakhong: In Search of Chin Identity 92. Margaret Mehl: Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan 93. Andrew Hardy: Red Hills 94. Susan M. Martin: The UP Saga 95. Anna Lindberg: Modernization and Effeminization in India 96. Heidi Fjeld: Commoners and Nobles 97. Hatla Thelle: Better to Rely on Ourselves 98. Alexandra Kent: Divinity and Diversity 99. Somchai Phatharathananunth: Civil Society and Democratization 100.Nordin Hussin: Trade and Society in the Straits of Melaka 101.Anna-Greta Nilsson Hoadley: Indonesian Literature vs New Order Orthodoxy Mehl_prelims Page iii Tuesday, April 19, 2005 5:12 PM PRIVATE ACADEMIES OF CHINESE LEARNING IN MEIJI JAPAN The Decline and Transformation of the Kangaku Juku MARGARET MEHL Mehl_prelims Page iv Tuesday, April 19, 2005 5:12 PM Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Monograph series, no. 92 First published in hardback in 2003 by NIAS Press Published in paperback in 2005 Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Leifsgade 33, DK–2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark tel: (+45) 3532 9501 • fax: (+45) 3532 9549 E–mail: [email protected] • Website: www.niaspress.dk © Margaret Mehl 2003 Publication of this book was assisted by a grant from the Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Mehl, Margaret Private academies of Chinese learning in Meiji Japan : the decline and transformation of the kangaku juku. - (NIAS monograph ; 92) 1.Private schools - Japan - History - 19th century 2.Education - Japan - History - 19th century 3.Japan - Social life and customs - 1868-1912 I.Title II.Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 371’02’0952’09034 ISBN 87-91114-03-9 (cloth) ISBN 87-91114-94-2 (paper) Typesetting by NIAS Press Printed and bound in Great Britain Production by Bookchase Mehl_prelims Page v Tuesday, April 29, 2003 12:33 PM Contents Preface and Acknowledgements … ix Notes on Usage … xi Notes on Currency and Prices … xii Introduction … 1 The juku in the history of education The focus of this book CHAPTER 1: Education in Transition from the Tokugawa to the Meiji Period … 11 Education and juku in Tokugawa Japan The education policies of the Meiji government Types of private schools Kangaku in the Meiji period Kangaku juku in transition CHAPTER 2: Kangaku Juku in the Meiji Period … 40 Juku and juku attendance after 1868 Juku in Tokyo Juku outside Tokyo CHAPTER 3: Case Studies … 62 The “old guard”: Yasui Sokken The modern success story: Mishima Chûshû A woman changing with the times: Miwada Masako The recluse: Ikeda Sôan The country scholars: Tsunetô Seisô and Murakami Butsusan CHAPTER 4: Life at the Juku … 117 The masters Teaching methods and curriculum Organization and rules Boarding house life The students The juku as a business: finance Mehl_prelims Page vi Tuesday, April 29, 2003 12:33 PM CHAPTER 5: The Decline of the Juku … 173 The case of Akita Juku and public education in conflict Student careers: narrowing options The gakureki shakai and the juku as a cram school CHAPTER 6: The Legacy of the Juku … 207 Kangaku scholars and juku commemorated Inspired by the juku The juku myth Continuities Conclusion … 237 Is the juku unique? The idea of juku education today Select Bibliography … 246 Index … 255 Mehl_prelims Page vii Tuesday, April 29, 2003 12:33 PM Illustrations and Tables MAP Places mentioned in the text … xiv FIGURES Cover illustration: Scene from the kangaku juku of Kodama Nanka in Iwatsuki domain around the middle of the nineteenth century. I thank Professor Ishikawa Matsutarô for permission to use the picture. Initial chapter pages: Sketch of Murakami Butsusan’s juku Suisaien preserved at the Suisaien museum and printed in Tomoichi, 214 (see Chapter Three). 1: Seikei shoin, the juku of Ikeda Sôan in the early twentieth century … 90 2: Portrait of Ikeda Sôan and copy of his Record of Seikei shoin … 90 3: Reading stand used by Ikeda Sôan … 91 4: Building of the former study at Zôshun’en … 99 5: Plan of Zôshun’en … 99 6: Former study of Suisaien … 110 7: Statue of Murakami Butsusan, reading stand and other possessions in the Suisaien museum … 110 8: Illustration of juku students … 151 9: Stone commemorating Uchimura Roka … 209 10: Scene from a modern school in early Meiji … 238 TABLES 1: Numbers of juku … 41 2: Kangaku juku in Tokyo according to the year they were opened … 47 3: Continuity of juku in Fukuoka prefecture … 53 4: Survival of juku in Hyôgo prefecture … 55 5: Occupations of juku masters … 118 Mehl_prelims Page viii Tuesday, April 29, 2003 12:33 PM Mehl_prelims Page ix Tuesday, April 29, 2003 12:33 PM Preface and Acknowledgements THIS STUDY BEGAN WITH A VAGUE IDEA about the importance of kangaku and kangaku juku during the Meiji period and a feeling that Rubinger’s book Private Academies in Tokugawa Japan (1982) needed some kind of sequel. The journey from there to the present book has been long and full of unexpected turns. So many people have helped on the way, I almost fear to list names lest I should forget some. The fieldwork was made possible with generous grants from the Japan Foundation (1995), the British Academy in conjunction with the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (1996) and the Canon Foundation (1999), as well as a sabatical from the University of Stirling in 1999. My colleagues at what was then still the Scottish Centre for Japan- ese Studies at the University of Stirling provided moral support and constructive feedback in our staff research seminars. In Japan, I am grateful to Asia University and Waseda University for their hospitality. I found many sources thanks to the advice and help of numerous people at various stages of this project. In Tokyo: Professor Amano Ikuo, Professor Furukawa Tetsushi, Professor Hashimoto Akihiko, Pro- fessor Hôya Tôru, Professor Imai Osamu, Professor Ishikawa Matsutarô, Professor Itô Takashi, Professor Kanbe Yasumitsu, Mrs Kotaki Haruko, Ms Kumamoto Eriko, Professor Kurozumi Makoto, Mrs Miwada Yoshiko, Professor Miyachi Masato, Mr Nakano Kazuo (Atomi Gakuen), Professor Nakano Minoru, Professor Nakura Saburô, Professor Okamoto Kôichi, Professor Ôkubo Toshiaki, Mr Sakaguchi Chikubo, Mr Sakakibara Makoto (Education Research Institute, Association of Tokyo Junior and Senior Private High Schools), Mrs Suzuki Akiko, ix Mehl_prelims Page x Tuesday, April 29, 2003 12:33 PM Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan Professor Suzuki Jun, Professor Togawa Yoshirô, Professor Watanabe Takashi, Professor Yui Masaomi, Professor Yuki Makoto. In Hirosaki: Mr Kawai Kiyoshi and Professor Toda Kin’ichi. In Shitada (Niigata Prefecture): Mr Tamura Hisashi, Mr Meguro Teiichi (Morohashi Tetsuji Kinenkan). In Osaka: Professor De-Min Tao, Professor Oba Osamu, Professor Umetani Noboru and Professor Yabuta Yutaka. In Yôkachô (Hyôgo Prefecture): Mr Ikeda Kumeo. In Matsue: Professor Kajitani Mitsuhiro. In Kurashiki: Mr Haji Shin’ichi and Mr Yokoyama Sadamu. In Kannabe: Mr Watanabe Norie. In Okayama: Professor Miura Kanai, Ms Nagaya Mikie and Professor Ôta Ken’ichi. In Fukuoka: Professor Arima Manabu and Professor Shin’ya Yasuaki. In Kokura: Mr Nagao Masanori. In Yukuhashi: the Murakami family and Mr Tamae Hikotarô. In Buzen: the Tsunetô family and Professor Watanabe Yukio.
Recommended publications
  • READERS' FORUM Cram Schools in Japan

    READERS' FORUM Cram Schools in Japan

    READERS’ FORUM Cram Schools in Japan: The Need for Research been the subject of considerable amounts of re- Robert J. Lowe search. Studies have been carried out in these con- Rikkyo University texts regarding educational policy (see Hashimoto, 2009; Yonezawa, Akiba, & Hiouchi, 2009), teaching methodologies (see Gorsuch, 2001; Nishino & Wata- The private juku (cram school) industry is an enormously prof- nabe, 2008), classroom policies on language use itable and influential area of education in Japan, including in the specific field of English language teaching (ELT). However, (see Hashimoto, 2013; Yphantides, 2013), teaching while much research has been carried out in other areas of ELT materials (see Yamanaka, 2006; Mineshima, 2008; in Japan, juku have largely escaped the attention of research- Sano, Iida, & Harvey, 2009), teacher and student ers. This paper attempts to argue the need for more research perspectives (see O’Donnell, 2008; McKenzie, 2008; into English language education as it is practiced in juku. The article first situates juku within the Japanese education sys- Rudolph and Igarashi, 2012), teacher identities (see tem, and then illustrates the extent to which juku have been Butler, 2007; Nagatomo, 2012) and many other under-researched when compared to other ELT contexts in areas. As a result, much is known about English Japan. The author advocates the need for more research into education in these settings, providing views on each ELT to be carried out in juku, and finally suggests some areas context at different magnifications, from the overall into which this research could be conducted. structure of the institution to the details of class- 学習塾産業は大きなビジネスであり、日本の英語教育に大きな影響を room teaching and interaction.
  • Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’S Daughters – Part 2

    Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’S Daughters – Part 2

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations School of Arts and Sciences October 2012 Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2 Cecilia S. Seigle Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Seigle, Cecilia S. Ph.D., "Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2" (2012). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 8. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/8 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/8 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2 Abstract This section discusses the complex psychological and philosophical reason for Shogun Yoshimune’s contrasting handlings of his two adopted daughters’ and his favorite son’s weddings. In my thinking, Yoshimune lived up to his philosophical principles by the illogical, puzzling treatment of the three weddings. We can witness the manifestation of his modest and frugal personality inherited from his ancestor Ieyasu, cohabiting with his strong but unconventional sense of obligation and respect for his benefactor Tsunayoshi. Disciplines Family, Life Course, and Society | Inequality and Stratification | Social and Cultural Anthropology This is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/8 Weddings of Shogun’s Daughters #2- Seigle 1 11Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 2 e.
  • The University of Chicago Cosmopolitan Medicine

    The University of Chicago Cosmopolitan Medicine

    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO COSMOPOLITAN MEDICINE NATIONALIZED: THE MAKING OF JAPANESE STATE-EMPIRE AND OVERSEAS PHYSICIANS IN A GLOBAL WORLD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY WEI-TI CHEN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …... iii List of Figures …... iv Abstract …... v Acknowledgements …... vii Introduction …... 1 1 Setting the Institutional Ground: the Emergence of Modern Medical Profession and the Evaluation of Foreign Medical Certificates in Meiji Japan …... 10 2 Embarking a Medical Career Abroad: the Migration of Japanese Physicians and the Dynamics of Japanese Colonial Medicine …... 44 3 Drawing the National Boundaries of Medicine: Migrant Doctors in Domestic and International Politics …... 82 4 Advancing with the Empire: The Geo-Social Mobility of Taiwanese Doctors under Japanese Imperialism …... 123 Conclusion …... 157 Bibliography …... 162 ii List of Tables 1 A correlation between a doctor’s education background and career and income in late Meiji …... 50 2 A practitioner’s estimated and real cost for building an urological clinic in Tokyo in 1910 …... 54 3 The number and distribution of overseas Japanese doctors in 1917 …... 64 4 The number and distribution of overseas Japanese doctors in 1921 …... 64 iii List of Figures 1 The increase and decrease of overseas Japanese practitioners in different areas …... 67 iv Abstract My dissertation, “Cosmopolitan Medicine Nationalized: the Making of Japanese State-Empire and Overseas Physicians in a Global World,” examines the movement of Japanese physicians across Asia and the globe in the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth centuries.
  • Japan's Friendship Ties Program

    Japan's Friendship Ties Program

    Japan’s Friendship Ties Program (USA/Canada) KAKEHASHI Project The Winners of Japanese Speech Contest (USA) Japanese Language Communication (Canada) Program Report 1. Program Overview Under the “KAKEHASHI Project” of Japan’s Friendship Ties Program, 9 participants from the U.S. and 9 participants from Canada visited Japan from January 9 to January 16, 2018 to participate in the program aimed at promoting their understanding of Japan with regard to Japanese politics, economy, society, culture, history, and foreign policy. Through lectures by ministries, observation of historical sites, Japanese cultural experience, and opinion exchanges at various institutions, the participants enjoyed a wide range of opportunities to improve their understanding of Japan and shared their individual interests and experiences through social media. Based on their findings and learning in Japan, participants made a presentation in the final session and reported on the action plans to be taken after returning to their home country. 【Participating Countries and Numbers of Participants】 United States of America: 9 participants Canada: 9 participants 【Prefectures Visited】 Tokyo, Ehime 2. Program Schedule January 09 (Tue) Arrival January 10 (Wed) 【Orientation】 【Lecture】North American Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs 【Observation】Asakusa January 11 (Thu) 【Observation】Fukagawa Edo Museum 【Lecture】About Japan’s animation Move to Ehime January 12 (Fri) 【Courtesy Call】Ehime Prefectural Government 【School Exchange】Matsuyama University 【Observation】Dogo-onsen district January 13 (Sat) 【Observation】Ishite-ji Temple, Matsuyama Castle with Matsuyama University students 1 【Homestay】 January 14 (Sun) 【Farewell Party with Host Family】 【Workshop】 January 15 (Mon) Move to Tokyo 【Courtesy Call】Mr. Yasutoshi Nishimura, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary 【Reporting Session】 January 16 (Tue) 【Observation】Meiji Jingu Shrine, Harajuku Departure 3.
  • Local Dishes Loved by the Nation

    Local Dishes Loved by the Nation

    Sapporo 1 Hakodate 2 Japan 5 3 Niigata 6 4 Kanazawa 15 7 Sendai Kyoto 17 16 Kobe 10 9 18 20 31 11 8 ocal dishes Hiroshima 32 21 33 28 26 19 13 Fukuoka 34 25 12 35 23 22 14 40 37 27 24 29 Tokyo loved by 41 38 36 Nagoya 42 44 39 30 Shizuoka Yokohama 43 45 Osaka Nagasaki 46 Kochi the nation Kumamoto ■ Hokkaido ■ Tohoku Kagoshima L ■ Kanto ■ Chubu ■ Kansai 47 ■ Chugoku ■ Shikoku Naha ■ Kyushu ■ Okinawa 1 Hokkaido 17 Ishikawa Prefecture 33 Okayama Prefecture 2 Aomori Prefecture 18 Fukui Prefecture 34 Hiroshima Prefecture 3 Iwate Prefecture 19 Yamanashi Prefecture 35 Yamaguchi Prefecture 4 Miyagi Prefecture 20 Nagano Prefecture 36 Tokushima Prefecture 5 Akita Prefecture 21 Gifu Prefecture 37 Kagawa Prefecture 6 Yamagata Prefecture 22 Shizuoka Prefecture 38 Ehime Prefecture 7 Fukushima Prefecture 23 Aichi Prefecture 39 Kochi Prefecture 8 Ibaraki Prefecture 24 Mie Prefecture 40 Fukuoka Prefecture 9 Tochigi Prefecture 25 Shiga Prefecture 41 Saga Prefecture 10 Gunma Prefecture 26 Kyoto Prefecture 42 Nagasaki Prefecture 11 Saitama Prefecture 27 Osaka Prefecture 43 Kumamoto Prefecture 12 Chiba Prefecture 28 Hyogo Prefecture 44 Oita Prefecture 13 Tokyo 29 Nara Prefecture 45 Miyazaki Prefecture 14 Kanagawa Prefecture 30 Wakayama Prefecture 46 Kagoshima Prefecture 15 Niigata Prefecture 31 Tottori Prefecture 47 Okinawa Prefecture 16 Toyama Prefecture 32 Shimane Prefecture Local dishes loved by the nation Hokkaido Map No.1 Northern delights Iwate Map No.3 Cool noodles Hokkaido Rice bowl with Tohoku Uni-ikura-don sea urchin and Morioka Reimen Chilled noodles
  • Policy Formation and Implementation of School Choice Reform in Japan: an Example of Local Adaptation of Educational Borrowing

    Policy Formation and Implementation of School Choice Reform in Japan: an Example of Local Adaptation of Educational Borrowing

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by GLIM IR Institution Repository Policy Formation and Implementation of School Choice Reform in Japan: An Example of Local Adaptation of Educational Borrowing Toshiyuki Omomo Gakushuin Women’s College Naoshi Kira Toyo University INTRODUCTION This study examined policy formation and implementation of school choice reform at the compulsory education level in Japan. Because of global trends in governance reform, a variety of education reform initiatives, such as standards-based reform, ac- countability reform, etc., have been implemented across diff erent countries including Japan over the past few decades, and school choice reform is one of them. Distinctive features of governance reform over these decades included the diversifi cation of pro- viders, competitions among them, and consumers’ freedom, or parents’ freedom in the case of education. School choice reform is related to these features. A. Conceptual Framework and Literature Review The conceptual framework of this study comes from Gita Steiner-Khamsi’s work -- The Global Politics of Educational Borrowing and Lending (2004). In the Introduc- tion, Steiner-Khamsi fi rst mentioned that there was a trend to emphasize an interna- tional perspective in studying “privatization, decentralization, choice, and standards in education” (p. 1) as these reform movements were spreading around the world based on transnational borrowing and lending. She, then, pointed out that there was “[a] common misconception among practitioners” about the role of comparative education researchers as those who fi nd best practices to transfer from one system to another, which she described as a “normative, ameliorative approach” toward comparative studies.
  • Members of the Institute 131 Members of the Institute November 2016

    Members of the Institute 131 Members of the Institute November 2016

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Waseda University Repository MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE 131 Members of the Institute November 2016 DIRECTOR: NAKAMURA, Tamio, Professor Anglo-American Law VICE DIRECTOR: WAKABAYASHI, Yasunobu, Professor Commercial Law MEMBERS: AKIYAMA, Yasuhiro, Professor Civil Law AMADA, Yu, Assistant Professor Criminal Law AOKI, Noriyuki, Professor Civil Law ASAKO, Hiroshi, Professor History of Legislation ASAKURA, Mutsuko, Professor Gender BANZAI, Hiroyuki, Professor International Law DOGAUCHI, Masato, Professor Private International Law EGASHIRA, Kenjiro, Professor Commercial Law EIZUMI, Yoshinobu, Professor International Law FUKUSHIMA, Hironao, Professor Commercial Law FURUYA, Shuichi, Professor International Law GOTO, Makinori, Professor Civil Law GOTO, Mitsuo, Professor Constitutional Law, Administrative Law HAKOI, Takashi, Professor Commercial Law HARADA, Toshihiko, Professor Roman Law HASEBE, Yasuo, Professor Constitutional Law HASHIMOTO, Yuki, Assistant Professor Civil Law HITOMI, Takeshi, Professor Administrative Law HONMA, Yasunori, Professor Civil Procedure IMASEKI, Motonari, Professor Constitutional Law INOUE, Masahito, Professor Criminal Procedure INUKAI, Shigehito, Professor Financial Law 132 WASEDA BULLETIN OF COMPARATIVE LAW Vol. 35 ISHIDA, Kyoko, Associate Professor Law and Society, Professional Responsibility ISHIDA, Makoto, Professor Labor Law ISHIKAWA, Masaoki, Professor Criminal Policy ISOMURA, Tamotsu, Professor Civil Law IWAHARA, Shinsaku,
  • Wars Between the Danes and Germans, for the Possession Of

    Wars Between the Danes and Germans, for the Possession Of

    DD 491 •S68 K7 Copy 1 WARS BETWKEX THE DANES AND GERMANS. »OR TllR POSSESSION OF SCHLESWIG. BV t>K()F. ADOLPHUS L. KOEPPEN FROM THE "AMERICAN REVIEW" FOR NOVEMBER, U48. — ; WAKS BETWEEN THE DANES AND GERMANS, ^^^^ ' Ay o FOR THE POSSESSION OF SCHLESWIG. > XV / PART FIRST. li>t^^/ On feint d'ignorer que le Slesvig est une ancienne partie integTante de la Monarchie Danoise dont I'union indissoluble avec la couronne de Danemarc est consacree par les garanties solennelles des grandes Puissances de I'Eui'ope, et ou la langue et la nationalite Danoises existent depuis les temps les et entier, J)lus recules. On voudrait se cacher a soi-meme au monde qu'une grande partie de la popu- ation du Slesvig reste attacliee, avec une fidelite incbranlable, aux liens fondamentaux unissant le pays avec le Danemarc, et que cette population a constamment proteste de la maniere la plus ener- gique centre une incorporation dans la confederation Germanique, incorporation qu'on pretend medier moyennant une armee de ciuquante mille hommes ! Semi-official article. The political question with regard to the ic nation blind to the evidences of history, relations of the duchies of Schleswig and faith, and justice. Holstein to the kingdom of Denmark,which The Dano-Germanic contest is still at the present time has excited so great a going on : Denmark cannot yield ; she has movement in the North, and called the already lost so much that she cannot submit Scandinavian nations to arms in self-defence to any more losses for the future. The issue against Germanic aggression, is not one of a of this contest is of vital importance to her recent date.
  • JUSTEC 2014 Program

    JUSTEC 2014 Program

    JUSTEC 2014 26th Annual JUSTEC Conference September 18 –21, 2014 Japan-U.S. Teacher Education Consortium Venue: Tokyo Gakugei University Supported by: The U.S. Embassy, Tokyo The American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE) The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology- Japan Theme: Transforming Practice through Teacher Development Thursday, September 18th --- School Visit and Optional Tour School Visit: Tokyo Gakugei University Koganei Elementary School 9:25 am Meet at the East gate (Higashi-mon) of Tokyo Gakugei University 10:00-10:40 School Tour 10:40 – 11:25 Lesson observation --- math class or humanity (it will be one of moral education, social studies, or language arts.) 11:30-12:30 School Lunch (Experience Japanese school lunch “Kyusyoku”) 12:30-13:30 Q&A and Discussion with Dr. Kouichi Nakamura and Dr. Shigeru Asanuma (Tokyo Gakugei University) 14:00 Dismiss http://justec.tamagawa.ac.jp <Optional Tour> 15:15 Meet at Kokubunji station to take a train bound for Tokyo. Transportation fee from Kokubunji station to Tokyo station is on your own (approx. 550 yen for one-way). 17:00 - 18:00 Hato-bus tour (on your own) This tour would be especially good for those from the U.S. who have never been to Japan. The highlights are Tokyo Skytree and Asakusa, but it goes through main streets of Nihonbashi, Kanda, and other interesting districts. For further information, refer to the JUSTEC website (http://justec.tamagawa.ac.jp). 18:30-20:30 Dinner at KITTE (on your own) KITTE locates right in front of Tokyo Station.
  • Estate Landscapes in Northern Europe: an Introduction

    Estate Landscapes in Northern Europe: an Introduction

    J Estate Landscapes in northern Europe an introduction By Jonathan Finch and Kristine Dyrmann This volume represents the first transnational exploration of the estate Harewood House, West Yorkshire, landscape in northern Europe. It brings together experts from six coun- UK Harewood House was built between tries to explore the character, role and significance of the estate over five /012 and /00/ for Edwin Lascelles, whose family made their fortune in the West hundred years during which the modern landscape took shape. They do Indies. The parkland was laid out over so from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, to provide the first critical the same period by Lancelot ‘Capability’ study of the estate as a distinct cultural landscape. The northern European Brown and epitomizes the late-eighteenth countries discussed in this volume – Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, century taste for a more informal natural- the Netherlands and Britain – have a fascinating and deep shared history istic landscape. Small enclosed fields from of cultural, economic and social exchange and dialogue. Whilst not always the seventeenth century were replaced by a family at peace, they can lay claim to having forged many key aspects of parkland that could be grazed, just as it is the modern world, including commercial capitalism and industrialization today, although some hedgerow trees were retained to add interest within the park, from an overwhelmingly rural base in the early modern period. United such as those in the foreground. By the around the North Sea, the region was a gateway to the east through the early-nineteenth century all arable culti- Baltic Sea, and across the Atlantic to the New World in the west.
  • A Case Study of Post 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures Seth A.Y

    A Case Study of Post 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures Seth A.Y

    Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Theses Spring 5-2012 The oM vement for Sustainable Agricultural in Japan: A Case Study of Post 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures Seth A.Y. Davis Seton Hall University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Seth A.Y., "The oM vement for Sustainable Agricultural in Japan: A Case Study of Post 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures" (2012). Theses. 227. https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses/227 The Movement for Sustainable Agriculture in Japan: A Case Study ofPost 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures BY: SETH A.Y. DAVIS B.S., RUTGERS UNIVERSITY NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 1999 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE PROGRAM OF ASIAN STUDIES AT SETON HALL UNIVERSITY SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY 2012 THE MOVEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN: A CASE STUDY OF POST 311112011 ORGANIC FARMERS IN SAGA, FUKUOKA, KAGAWA AND HYOGO PREFECTURES THESIS TITLE BY SETH A.Y. DAVIS APPROVED MONTH, DAY, YEAR SHIGER OSUKA, Ed.D MENTOR (FIRST READER) EDWIN PAK-WAH LEUNG, Ph.D EXAMINER (SECOND READER) t;jlO /2-012 MARIA SIBAU, Ph.D EXAMINER (THIRD READER) An1Y ~Mr1i ANNE MULLEN-HOHL, Ph.D HEAD OF DEPARTMENT A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE PROGRAM OF ASIAN STUDIES AT SETON HALL UNIVERSITY, SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi ABSTItJ\CT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii CHAPTER I: INTR0 D U CTION -----------------------------------------------------------­ 1.
  • Bunkyo Walking Guidebook Basic Knowledge Which You Should Know

    Bunkyo Walking Guidebook Basic Knowledge Which You Should Know

    Bunkyo Walking Guidebook Basic knowledge which you should know Supervised by: Japan Walking Association Bunkyo District Health and Wellness Department Health Promotion Section Walking is an exercise In the beginning that is done among One sport that you can do without any tools or a gym is walking. Even for those who feel “sports” is a high hurdle to a wide range of ages. get over, a day doesn’t go by that we don’t walk. Walking isn’t just a way to transport from one place to another, walking is a fine sport once you understand the basics of it. Five Benefit □ Can do everyday For those who are thinking “I want to start doing sports, but I □ Anyone can do it don’t have time” “I want to do sports at my own pace” “I □ Hardly costs any money might be able to do sports if it wasn’t so time consuming”, □ Can balance your mind and health how about walking? Regardless of age, gender, or lifestyle □ Can lead to a fun lifestyle you can start walking. In addition, you can discover great Five Effects things about your city through a commute by walking. □ De-stress □ Vitalize your brain This guidebook is a summary of the basics of walking. If you □ Maintain and improve cardiopulmonary function read this, we are convinced that you will understand the □ Strengthen muscles health benefits and effective ways of walking. Walking is a □ Prevent and improve sport that by continuing you will understand the benefits. We lifestyle-related diseases have separately prepared a walking map.