Key Facts Francis Drake

Year 2: History Who was the most significant explorer James Cook or Frances Drake? Autumn 1 Key Dates Key Facts Francis Drake Key Facts James Cook Francis Drake 1 Francis Drake was best known as the 1 James Cook was best known for 1540- Francis Drake was born between first Englishman to sail around the exploring the South Pacific. 1544 1540-1544. world and defeat the Spanish Armada. 1577 Queen Elizabeth asked Francis He went to work for a sea captain at a 2 At around the of 18 he took on an Drake to travel around the world. young age. apprenticeship as a merchant seaman. 2 Drake's first expedition was with John 1580 After sailing for 3 years, the ship He then enlisted in the Royal Navy at Hawkins. He captained the ship Judith, arrived back home in England. the start of a seven year war. one of six ships that made up the fleet. 1596 Francis Drake died in Portobelo, 3 During the war he became a master at Then they sailed across the Atlantic to Panama. mapping. His ability at surveying, the New World. They sold the slaves at James Cook navigating and creating maps was a Spanish port. 1728 James Cook was born in Marton, noticed by those high up in the navy. th Yorkshire, England on 7 3 He took up the life of a privateer. As a 4 Cook was given command of a cat- November 1728. privateer, he would attack the enemy collier type ship called the Endeavor. ships of Britain, mostly the Spanish, and 1736 His family move to Great Ayton. 5 James Cook made his first voyage and take their cargo. landed in New Zealand and Australia. 1746 James Cook moves south to 4 For the next several years, Drake 6 In April, they spotted Australia, the first Whitby, where he works for attacked Spanish towns and ships Europeans ever to do so. They claimed it Captain John Walker on his ships. taking much of their gold and silver. He became a rich man. as British territory and named it 'New South Wales'. 1755 Joins the Royal Navy as a 5 Queen Elizabeth I gave him a fleet of seaman. ships and he sailed around the world 7 Captain James Cook set out on a 1768 Cook set off on his first on August to South America and plundered the second voyage to discover more about 26, 1978. Spanish. the southern continent. 1771 Finally, Cook arrived back in 6 Francis Drake left England on 15th 8 Cook's third voyage was to discover the England. November 1577. The fleet travelled across the Atlantic down the coast of North-West Passage. However, they 1772- James Cook’s second South America. They passed through were unable to find this area and sailed 1775 expedition. the Straight of Magellan and went to south to explore the island of Hawaii. 1776- Final Journey to find the Peru where he stole from the Spanish. th 1779 Northwest passage. Many sailors died from disease. 9 On 14 February 1779, he was captured 1779 James Cook was killed by the 7 Eventually, Drake’s fleet was down to a and killed. When Cook's crew found natives on the Hawaiian Islands. single ship, the Golden Hind. After him, they buried him at sea. three years of sailing, the ship arrived back in England. The Queen was proud of Francis and knighted him as Sir Francis Drake. Year 2: History Who was the most significant explorer James Cook or Frances Drake? Autumn 1

Vocabulary Fleet A group of ships. Battle A fight between armed forces.

Voyage Is a long journey involving travel by sea. Commander A person who has authority. Invasion Invading a country with an armed force. The Judith The Endeavour Navy A countries armed services that conduct military operations at sea. Explorer To travel around a place to find out what is is like. Privateer an armed ship owned and crewed by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for use in war Pirate A person who attacks or robs ships at sea. Occupation the work a person does to earn a living; profession. Expedition A journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose. Plunder Steal goods from a place or a person. Knighted A knighthood is a title that is given to a man by a British king or queen for his achievements or his service to his country. Merchant A merchant is a company or individual who sells a service or goods. Surveying The act of looking, seeing or orbserving. Navigating To plan and direct the course of a ship, aircraft, or other form of transport, especially by using instruments or maps. Natives Someone who is born in a particular country. Cat - collier A ship designed to carry coal. Hygiene Keeping yourself clean to stop the spread of germs. Scurvy a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C Astronomers Astronomers are scientists who study the universe, stars and planets. Maori tribe The Maori People are an indigenous community of New Zealand. This means they were the orginial owners and caretakers of this region. Coral reef A ridge of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of coral. Malaria Malaria is a serious tropical disease spread by mosquitoes. Ransom A sum of money demanded or paid for the release of a captive