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Edwin Hidalgo Galindo UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN SIMÓN ESCUELA UNIVERSITARIA DE POSGRADO FACULTAD DE DESARROLLO RURAL Y TERRITORIAL UNIDAD DE POSGRADO FDRyT DIPLOMADO EN GESTION TERRITORIAL DE RECURSOS HIDRICOS Y CAMBIO CLIMATICO 1ra VERSIÓN PLAN DE GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EN LA COMUNIDAD SANKAYANI BAJO DEL MUNICIPIO TIRAQUE Trabajo Final, para obtener el Título de Licenciatura en ingeniería de Recursos Hídricos para la Agropecuaria y de Diplomado EDWIN HIDALGO GALINDO Cochabamba-Bolivia, 2019 HOJA DE APROBACIÓN …………………………………………… Ing. Juan Carlos Mariscal TRIBUNAL …………………………………………… Ing. Cecilia Caero Perez TRBUNAL …………………………………………… Ing. Max Rojas Valencia DIRECTOR INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACION FDRyT …………………………………………… Lic. Claudia Mercedes Rivas Valencia DIRECTORA ACADEMICA FDRyT …………………………………………… Ing. José Olguín Taborga DECANO FDRyT RESUMEN En los últimos años las comunidades del Municipio de Tiraque han sufrido escases de agua para riego, por falta de lluvias y el mal manejo de este recurso vital, lo cual ha limitado el desarrollo de la producción agrícola. En este sentido, el presente trabajó fue enfocado en el desarrollo de una propuesta para fortalecer la gestión de recursos hídricos con enfoque integral y sustentable en la Comunidad Sankayani Bajo del Munipio de Tiraque. Mediante un diagnóstico con enfoque territorial y analizado como sistemas de vida, se logró identificar los problemas en tres dimensiones: funciones ambientales y conservación, producción sustentable y economía, desarrollo humano y pobreza. Así también se identificó las potencialidades y desafíos para las tres dimensiones. La dimensión funciones ambientales y conservación se valoró en 3.1 sobre 5, puesto que existe extinción de la fauna y flora, deterioro de suelos agrícolas y deslizamientos y otros problemas ambientales. La producción sustentable y economía entre tanto, se valoró en 1.73 sobre 5, lo que significa que la producción tiene bajos rendimientos y la economía es débil, depende solo de la agropecuaria. La dimensión de desarrollo humano y pobreza se asignó un valor 3.05 sobre 5, encontrando que se tiene acceso a servicios básicos y la comunidad tiene una buena la organización. En base a este análisis y la identificación de problemas, se planteó un plan de gestión integral de recursos hídricos para mejorar la calidad de vida de la comunidad, priorizando acciones que regulen el uso y aprovechamiento de los recursos hídricos con el propósito proteger y conservar los recurso hídricos. Palabras claves. <Recursos Hídricos> <Gestión Integral> <Sistemas de Vida> <Desarrollo Sostenible> <Planificación Territorial> <Comunidad Sankayani Bajo> <Municipio de Tiraque> INDICE DE CONTENIDO I. INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. ANTECEDENTES: ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ................................................................................................. 2 1.3. JUSTIFICACION............................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. OBJETIVOS ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1. Objetivo General ......................................................................................................................... 3 II.MARCO TEORICO Y NORMATIVO ................................................................................................................ 4 2.1. MARCO TEORICO ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.1. Recursos hídricos ......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2. Gestión integral de los recursos hídricos ...................................................................................... 4 2.1.3. Planificación territorial ................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.4. Gestión social .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2. MARCO NORMATIVO ......................................................................................................................... 6 III. DIAGNOSTICO TERRITORIAL .................................................................................................................... 9 3.1. UBICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y POLÍTICA DEL TERRITORIO ....................................................................... 9 3.1.1. Ubicación geográfica ................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2. Ubicación político administrativa ............................................................................................... 11 3.2. DIMENSIÓN BIOFÍSICA ...................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1. Características de la zona de vida .............................................................................................. 13 3.2.2. Ocupación y uso del territorio.................................................................................................... 14 3.2.3. Cobertura vegetal Cuadro ......................................................................................................... 16 3.2.4. Biodiversidad ............................................................................................................................ 17 3.2.5. Suelos ........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.2.6. Riesgo de erosión de suelos ....................................................................................................... 20 3.2.7. Recursos hídricos ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.8. Clima ......................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.9. Riesgos climáticos ...................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.10. Grado de contaminación.......................................................................................................... 29 3.2.11. Áreas de conservación y/o protección ..................................................................................... 30 3.3. DIMENSIÓN SOCIOCULTURAL ........................................................................................................... 30 3.3.1. Demografía ................................................................................................................................ 30 3.3.2 Auto identificación e idioma: ...................................................................................................... 31 3.3.3. Organización social y gobernanza .............................................................................................. 31 3.3.4. Educación .................................................................................................................................. 33 3.3.5. Salud ......................................................................................................................................... 34 3.3.6. Servicios básicos y vivienda........................................................................................................ 36 3.3.7. Medios de comunicación y transporte: ...................................................................................... 36 3.3.8. Relacionamiento institucional: ................................................................................................... 40 3.3.9. Grado de pobreza ...................................................................................................................... 41 3.4. DIMENSIÓN ECONÓMICA PRODUCTIVA ............................................................................................ 41 3.4.1. Actividades económicas estratégicas: ........................................................................................ 41 3.4.2. Sistema de producción agrícola ................................................................................................. 42 3.4.3. Sistema de producción ganadera ............................................................................................... 45 3.4.4. Destino de la producción y sistema de comercialización ............................................................ 46 3.4.6. Ingresos familiares o percapita .................................................................................................. 47 3.5. ANÁLISIS DEL SISTEMA DE VIDA TERRITORIAL ................................................................................... 48 3.5.3. Representación del estado actual del sistema de vida ................................................................ 51 3.6. PROBLEMAS Y DESAFIOS FUTUROS: .................................................................................................. 52 IV. PLAN DE GESTION INTEGRAL DE RECURSOS HIDRICOS ..........................................................................
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