Final Report Technology, adaptation and mitigation: Greening the economy of urban agriculture at the Kanata Metropolitan Area, Bolivia Grantee: Diakonia Local Partner(s): Centro de Apoyo a la Gestión Sustentable del Agua y Medio Ambiente AGUA SUSTENTABLE Other Partner(s): Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Regional – Institución Financiera de Desarrollo (CIDRE – IFD) Project starting date: 01/04/2016 Project end date: 31/12/2018 ____________________ _______________________________ October 7th, 2019 MATTIAS BRUNANDER [email protected] REGIONAL DIRECTOR LATIN AMERICA +57 320 367 5916 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 4 1. ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT........................ 7 1.1 Achievement of Outputs, Outcomes and Objectives .............................................. 7 1.2 Deviations from planned Outputs and Activities .................................................... 11 1.3 Achievement of NCF indicators ................................................................................ 13 2. CLIMATE CHANGE ACHIEVEMENTS ................................................................. 14 3. DEVELOPMENT IMPACT AND CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES .............................. 15 4. ASSESSMENT OF THE RESULT AND IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ................ 16 4.1 Relevance .................................................................................................................... 16 4.2 Effectiveness ............................................................................................................... 17 4.3 Efficiency ...................................................................................................................... 18 4.4 Impact ........................................................................................................................... 19 4.5 Sustainability ............................................................................................................... 20 5. POTENTIAL TO SCALE UP AND FOLLOW-UP INVESTMENTS ...................... 21 6. UNEXPECTED OUTCOMES ................................................................................. 22 7. LESSONS LEARNED............................................................................................. 22 8. FINANCIAL SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 23 9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................... 23 ANNEXES Annex 1 Project Completion Fact sheet Page 2 List of acronyms ANA: Peruvian National Agency for Water ASOCOLFLORES: Colombian Association for Flower Producers ASOFIN: Association for Microfinance Institutions CBO: Community Based Organisation CSO: Civil Society Organisation CIDRE: Centre for Research and Regional Development EDIM: Development Strategy of Kanata Metropolitan Area ESCI: Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative FEDEFLOR: Provincial Flower growing Association FEPC: Cochabamba Federation of Enterprises GHG: Green House Gas IADB: Inter-American Development Bank IDF: Development Financial Institution KMA: Kanata Metropolitan Area KW: Kilo-watts KW-H: Kilo-watts per hour LPPD: Litres per Person per Day PLAFLHOR: Platform for Flower growing Research MET: Metropolitan MFI: Micro Finance Institution NCF: Nordic Climate Facility NDF: Nordic Development Fund NEFCO: Nordic Environmental Finance Corporation NGO: Non-Government Organisation OO: Overall Objective ONU: United Nations Organisation OVI: Objective Verifiable Indicator P: Purpose PDES: Social and Economic Development Plan SDC: Cochabamba Province Basin Service SO: Specific Objective TBO: Territorial Based Organisation (Neighbourhood Organisation) UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WP: Working Pressure WWTP: Waste Water Treatment Plant Page 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project was implemented in the Kanata Metropolitan area in Bolivia, hosting more than 1.5 million inhabitants. The objective was to contribute to the implementation of the Sustainable Cochabamba Action Plan, elaborated as part of the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) to promote adaptation and mitigation at Kanata metropolitan area using a rights based and gender equality approach by: Introducing Nordic technologies in urban districts for water management, water recycling for irrigation and compost production. Improving urban agriculture productivity, business development and market expansion in a B2B (business to business) approach. Developing production protocols of climate resilient varieties of flowers and vegetables. Developing and offering with a 3R approach (Reducing, Reusing and Recycling) cost-effective microfinance products to economic circuits and actors involved in urban agriculture, contributing to reduced emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Strengthening urban planning networks with focus on adaptation and mitigation priorities. Project interventions were aiming for rights based, women economic empowerment and win-to-win public-private partnerships through: (i) technology validation and transfer, (ii) capacity building; (iii) efficient utilization of organic residue; (iv) business plans development, (v) advocacy and policy development and (vi) public-private partnerships and financing. The overall objective of the project was to support the implementation of the “Sustainable Cochabamba” Action Plan through local experiences for improving urban climate resilience, with a rights and gender based approach. The specific objective was to strengthen the capacities for adaptation and mitigation of climate change effects in the Kanata metropolitan area through increased leadership, innovation, investment and environmental prevention by women productive organisations, social organisations, universities, public and private entities and oriented towards water efficiency, urban agriculture, organic waste management and smarter environmental planning. To measure the project’s contribution to these objectives in the form of medium term and long-term impact, four intermediate outcomes were designed as purposes to assess the achievements in the intervention areas of water management, urban agriculture and organic waste management, business development, and resilient planning. These outcomes were monitored through seven output indicators; four of these related to development and three related to climate change adaptation and mitigation. At project closure, these indicators show that the intermediate outcomes were quite successfully achieved. Due to the political and administrative context leading to lengthy processes for investment approvals, the expected medium-term impacts on climate change were not achieved at the scale expected. E.g. the meagre 93.42 tons of CO2 emissions actually saved (or reduced) through project direct investments, compared to the 43,874 tons of CO2 emissions targeted to be saved by 2018, as well as the 49,745 women expected to have improved their adaptation and mitigation practices for urban agriculture, which eventually turned out to be 20,196 women, although an additional 20,561 men also benefitted from the activities. When assessing the contribution to long-term development impact, the most relevant is the rapid increase in investment allocations made in the Kanata Metropolitan Area’s provincial budget that now exclusively benefits women; from 2.4% (in 2016) to 14.57% (2018). An example is “the Women City Center”, which will be implemented as a strategic metropolitan project through a € 348,000 contract with the Inter- American Development Bank, and which will continue to attract more public funding in 2020-2025. This project will address the economic empowerment of women, the elimination of gender-based violence, and the need for improved health and legal services for women. Achieved objectives, outputs and results as well as the climate and development benefits The project achieved most of the expected intermediate outcomes and short-term outputs regarding the validation of technology and the improvement of local capacities for institutional adaptation to climate change. Women were successfully involved in collaborative circuits supporting urban agriculture, Page 4 especially in the flower growing sector leading to increased research, productivity and trade. Businesses developed for organic waste management were transformed into new models for green micro credit products, while the Trust Fund which was oriented towards more effective waste management and sanitation has embarked on an ambitious agenda to find out international investment partners in order to scale up climate and financial benefits for the Kanata Metropolitan Area. The Metropolitan platform is still in place and actively used as a multi-stakeholder forum to discuss and agree on strategic investments towards improved metropolitan resilience. An important project contribution is the “Resilience agenda” for mainstreaming adaptation strategies to climate change at the Kanata Metropolitan Area, where policies regarding urban development and informal urban growth could see short and long-term benefits. A point of entry for this to also benefit an increasing number of urban inhabitants relies on the planning and design to build a proper urban environment (urban infrastructure, transportation, services, land use, and the management of other natural resources), as well as to upgrade the citizens’ and