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Demersal Fish Assemblages of the Mainland Shelf of Southern California in 1994

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Demersal Fish Assemblages of the Mainland Shelf of Southern California in 1994 Demersal Fish Assemblages of the Mainland Shelf of Southern California in 1994 M. James Allen, Douglas Diener1, Jason Mubarak1, Stephen B. Weisberg, and Shelly L. Moore and (5) Outer Shelf. Primary species clusters were (1) White Croaker-California Scorpionfish, (2) Yellowchin ABSTRACT Sculpin-Speckled Sanddab, (3) Pacific Sanddab-Plainfin Midshipman, and (4) Slender Sole-Splitnose Rockfish. lthough the demersal fish fauna of the southern Overall, depth was more important than geographical California shelf has been studied for many years, area or sediment type in determining the organization of site assemblages have been described only in A fish assemblages. The assemblages described in this small areas and hence reflect local conditions. Because study will provide a baseline for assessing historical assemblages have not been described for the region as a changes and the relative health of southern California whole, factors influencing assemblage organization demersal fish assemblages. throughout the area are not known. Here we present results of a synoptic trawl survey of the mainland shelf of southern California in July and August 1994. We collected trawl samples at 114 stations selected at INTRODUCTION The demersal fish fauna of the mainland shelf of the random from Point Conception, California, to the United Southern California Bight (SCB) is diverse, consisting of States-Mexico international border at depths of 10 to 200 more than 100 species occupying the soft-bottom habitat m. A total of 18,912 fish representing 87 species was at depths of 10 to 200 m (Allen 1982, Allen et al. 1998). collected in this survey. This study describes site and These species are relatively sedentary and as a result species assemblages of demersal fishes on the mainland have an increased exposure to accumulated contaminants shelf of southern California and examines the importance in sediment and low levels of oxygen in near-bottom of depth and sediment type on assemblage organization. waters. Because demersal fishes respond to changes in Site and species assemblages were described using the benthic environment, they have been monitored for cluster analysis with square-root transformation of many years to assess impacts resulting from human abundance data; the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index; and activities. an agglomerative, hierarchical, flexible sorting method. Previous studies (Allen 1982, Allen and Moore Five primary site clusters and four primary species 1997) have identified different recurrent species groups clusters of fishes, with secondary clusters, were delin- (based upon species co-ocurrence) in different depth eated by cluster analysis. Primary site clusters were the zones on the mainland shelf. Abundance-related assem- following: (1) Inner Shelf, (2) Sandy Inner/Middle Shelf, blages of demersal fishes have only been described for (3) Muddy Inner/Middle Shelf, (4) Middle/Outer Shelf, local areas (generally near wastewater outfalls) (e.g., CSDLAC 1990, CLAEMD 1994, CSDMWWD 1995, CSDOC 1996), and hence reflect local conditions. However, without understanding the background distri- 1MEC Analytical Systems, Inc., 2433 Impala Dr., Carlsbad, CA 92009 bution of fish assemblages on the shelf, it is difficult to Demersal Fishes 101 assess the importance of local changes in fish assem- analysis, the data were screened to reduce the confound- blages. Thus, a description of demersal fish assemblages ing effect of rare species and occasional incidental for the entire mainland shelf of southern California is catches of pelagic species. The criteria for inclusion in needed to better understand environmental factors the analysis were (1) that a species had to have an overall affecting the distribution of fish assemblages. Here we survey abundance of at least 10 individuals and (2) that present results of a synoptic trawl survey of the entire the species had to occur at a minimum of 5 stations. In southern California coastal shelf. addition, the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) was The objectives of this study were (1) to describe excluded from the analysis even though it met the synoptic site and species assemblages of demersal fishes selection criteria because its presence was viewed as the on the mainland shelf of southern California; (2) to incidental catch of a common pelagic species. One describe their distribution with regard to depth, region, station was also dropped from the data since it had fewer and sediment type; and (3) to compare resulting assem- than five individuals of any species. Ultimately, 40 blages to previously described recurrent species groups species from 113 stations were selected for the cluster based upon the same synoptic data. analysis. After selecting the species for analysis, the abun- METHODS dance data were square-root transformed and standard- Trawl samples were collected at 114 randomly ized to mean species abundance. The square-root selected stations from Point Conception, California, to transformation was applied to moderate the influence of the United States-Mexico international border at depths the most abundant taxa (Sokal and Rohlf 1981, Clark and of 9 to 215 m (rounded to 10 to 200 m for the purposes Green 1988). The data were standardized by dividing of this report) (Figure 1). A stratified random design was species abundance at a given station by the mean abun- used, with the following depth strata: (1) inner shelf — dance of that species over all stations. The benefit of 10 to 25 m; (2) middle shelf — 25 to 100 m; and (3) standardization is that it effectively equalizes extreme outer shelf —100 to 200 m (Bergen 1996, Stevens 1997). abundance values and facilitates relative comparisons These strata were not sampled equally, with 53 samples among species (Clark 1993). collected from the middle shelf zone, 31 from the outer The Bray-Curtis measure was used to convert the shelf zone, and 30 from the inner shelf zone. species composition and abundance data into a dissimi- Samples were collected from July 12 to August 22, larity matrix (Bray and Curtis 1957, Clifford and 1994, with 7.6-m head-rope semiballoon otter trawls with Stephenson 1975). Clustering was conducted using 1.25-cm cod-end mesh. Trawls were towed for 10 min at agglomerative, hierarchical, flexible sorting method 1 m/sec (2 kn) along isobaths. Fish were identified to (SAS PROC CLUSTER [SAS Institute 1989]), with beta species, counted, examined for set at -0.25 (Tetra Tech 1985). Both Q-mode cluster anomalies, and weighed by analysis (to identify groups of species to the nearest 0.1 kg. FIGURE 1. Stations sampled by trawl on the main- Fish lengths were reported by land shelf of southern California at depths of 10-200 stations that centimeter size class. m, July to August 1994. exhibit similar Sediment samples were species abun- Point 200 m dance patterns) collected at each station using a Conception 0.1 m2 modified Van Veen grab. and R-mode Sediment grain size was deter- cluster analysis (to Point 0 mined using a Horiba Model Dume 25 50 identify comple- 34° 00' Kilometers LA-900 laser scattering particle Los Angeles mentary groups of size distribution analyzer in species that occur conjunction with Horiba Data in similar habitats) 200 m Systems software (Schiff and Dana Point were conducted Gossett 1998). and used to produce a two- 33° 00' N Data Analysis Trawl Sites way coincidence Abundance-based site and table (Kikkawa San species groups were defined Diego 1968, Clifford and 120° 00' W 118° 00' using cluster analysis. Prior to U.S.-Mexico Stephenson 1975). 102 Demersal Fishes The relative proportional contribution of species RESULTS clusters in site clusters was determined by (1) calculating Eighty-seven species of fish, representing 3 classes for each species at each site the proportion of its total and 34 families, were collected during the trawl surveys abundance across all 113 sites, (2) summing these propor- (see Allen et al. 1998 for list of species). The survey tions for all species in a given species cluster (e.g., sampled 80 species of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), 6 Species Cluster A) within a given site cluster (e.g., Site species of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), and 1 Cluster 1) to give a species cluster/site cluster total (e.g., species of hagfish (Myxini). The most diverse families sum of Species Cluster A proportions in Site Cluster 1), were Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes) with 21 species, and (3) dividing each species cluster/site cluster total by Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders) with 9 species, and the sum of all species cluster/site cluster totals within a Paralichthyidae (whiffs) with 7 species. site group. Twenty-six species accounted for 95% of the total Site clusters were named after depth distribution (i.e., fish abundance in the survey (Table 1). The five most shelf zone) and sediment characteristics (if depth distri- abundant species were Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys butions of two site clusters were similar). Primary sordidus), plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), species clusters were named after their two most abun- slender sole (Eopsetta exilis) yellowchin sculpin dant species. Secondary species clusters were named (Icelinus quadriseriatus), and speckled sanddab after their single most abundant species. (Citharichthys stigmaeus). These species accounted for approximately 50% of the total fish abundance. In the TABLE 1. Fish species comprising 95% of the total fish abundance in a regional trawl survey of the mainland shelf of southern California at depths of 10-200 m, July to August
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