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A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain: Ground Beetles (Carabidae)

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A Review of the Beetles of Great Britain: Ground Beetles (Carabidae) Natural England Commissioned Report NECR189 A review of the beetles of Great Britain: Ground Beetles (Carabidae) Species Status No.25 First published 11 March 2016 www.gov.uk/natural-england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background Making good decisions to conserve species This report should be cited as: should primarily be based upon an objective process of determining the degree of threat to TELFER, M.G. 2016. A review of the beetles of the survival of a species. The recognised Great Britain: Ground Beetles (Carabidae): international approach to undertaking this is by Species Status No.25. Natural England assigning the species to one of the IUCN threat Commissioned Reports, Number 189. categories. This report was commissioned to update the national status of ground beetles using IUCN methodology for assessing threat. It covers all species of Carabidae in Great Britain, identifying those that are rare and/or under threat as well as non-threatened and non-native species. Reviews for other invertebrate groups will follow. Natural England Project Manager - Jon Webb, [email protected] Author - Dr Mark G. Telfer, [email protected] Keywords - Carabidae, ground beetles, invertebrates, red list, IUCN, status reviews, IUCN threat categories, GB rarity status Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England website: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/natural-england. For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0845 600 3078 or e-mail [email protected]. This report is published by Natural England under the Open Government Licence - OGLv3.0 for public sector information. You are encouraged to use, and reuse, information subject to certain conditions. For details of the licence visit Copyright. Natural England photographs are only available for non commercial purposes. If any other information such as maps or data cannot be used commercially this will be made clear within the report. ISBN 978-1-78354-282-6 © Natural England and other parties 2016 Contents 1 SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1 1.1 THE SPECIES STATUS PROJECT ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 THE STATUS ASSESSMENTS .................................................................................................... 1 1.3 SPECIES STATUS AND CONSERVATION ACTION ............................................................................ 1 2 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 2 2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE .................................................................................................... 2 2.2 NATIVES AND NON-NATIVES .................................................................................................. 2 2.3 PREVIOUS REVIEWS .............................................................................................................. 3 2.3.1 British Red Data Books: 2. Insects (1987) .............................................................. 3 2.3.2 A review of the scarce and threatened Coleoptera of Great Britain (1992 & 1994) ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.4 THE NEED FOR A NEW REVIEW ................................................................................................ 4 3 IUCN CATEGORIES AND CRITERIA .............................................................................. 6 3.1 SUMMARY OF THE 2001 THREAT CATEGORIES .......................................................................... 6 3.2 NEAR THREATENED ............................................................................................................. 8 4 GB RARITY STATUS CATEGORIES AND CRITERIA ......................................................... 8 5 METHODS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION ............................................................. 9 5.1 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ................................................................................................... 9 5.1.1 The Ground Beetle Recording Scheme .................................................................. 9 5.1.2 The UK Environmental Change Network ............................................................. 10 5.2 EXTINCTION ..................................................................................................................... 11 5.3 DATE CLASSES ................................................................................................................... 12 5.4 APPLICATION OF IUCN CRITERIA .......................................................................................... 12 5.4.1 Criterion A (population size reduction) ............................................................... 12 5.4.2 Criterion B (Geographic range) ............................................................................ 12 Area of Occupancy (AOO) ............................................................................................ 12 Extent of Occurrence (EOO) ......................................................................................... 13 Continuing decline in AOO ........................................................................................... 13 Extreme fluctuations in AOO ....................................................................................... 14 5.4.3 Criterion C (Small population size and decline) ................................................... 14 5.4.4 Criterion D (Very small or restricted population) ................................................ 14 5.4.5 Criterion E (quantitative analysis) ........................................................................ 14 5.4.6 A practical key for assigning IUCN statuses to British carabids ........................... 14 5.5 NEAR THREATENED (NT) AND THE AMBER LIST ....................................................................... 16 5.5.1 Meeting the area requirements .......................................................................... 17 5.5.2 Occurring in 10 or fewer hectads ........................................................................ 17 5.5.3 Continuing decline ............................................................................................... 17 5.5.4 Severe fragmentation and extreme fluctuations ................................................ 17 Severely fragmented .................................................................................................... 18 Extreme fluctuations .................................................................................................... 18 5.5.5 The need for better evidence .............................................................................. 21 6 RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 22 6.1 THE DATA SPREADSHEET ..................................................................................................... 22 6.1.1 Species tabulations .............................................................................................. 24 6.1.2 Species listed by IUCN category ........................................................................... 24 6.1.3 Species listed by GB Rarity Status ........................................................................ 26 6.1.4 Amber list species ................................................................................................ 30 6.1.5 Taxonomic list of Red Data Book and Nationally Scarce Species ........................ 31 6.1.6 Criteria used for assigning species to IUCN threatened categories .................... 36 6.2 THE SPECIES ACCOUNTS: AN INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 37 6.2.1 The species name ................................................................................................. 37 6.2.2 Identification ........................................................................................................ 37 6.2.3 Native/Alien status .............................................................................................. 38 6.2.4 Distribution .......................................................................................................... 38 6.2.5 Habitat and ecology ............................................................................................. 38 6.2.6 Conservation status ............................................................................................. 38 6.2.7 Threats ................................................................................................................. 38 7 THE SPECIES ACCOUNTS .......................................................................................... 41 Acupalpus elegans ....................................................................................................... 41 Agonum chalconotum .................................................................................................. 42 Agonum scitulum ........................................................................................................
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