DOCSLIB.ORG

Between Land and Lake: Michigan's Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Between Land and Lake: Michigan's Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands Between Land and Lake: Michigan’s Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands E-2902 • New • December 2003 Between Land and Lake: Michigan’s Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands by Dennis A. Albert Michigan Natural Features Inventory www.msue.msu.edu/mnfi ISBN 1-56525-018-4 Albert, Dennis A. 2003. Between Land and Lake: Michigan’s Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, Mich.: Extension Bulletin E-2902. 96 p. Design by Alicia Burnell, Michigan State University Communication and Technology Systems. © 2003 Michigan State University, all rights reserved. Dedication and Acknowledgments any of us will remember MTed Cline for his tireless dedication to conserving Michigan’s special places. Ted’s aerial photography helped pro- tect important biodiversity sites from Drummond Island to the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula, as well as in New Mexico. In this book, his photos provide us an important landscape perspective. Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. Edward Bonanno, John Brazner, Tom publication. Konrad Schmidt’s Voss, who introduced me to Burton, Pat Chow-Fraser, Sue photos came from Minnesota’s Great Lakes marshes in 1980, Crispin, Eric Epstein, Mike Fishes of Minnesota Web site. allowing me to join him in his Grimm, Tom Hart, Bud Harris, The gracious staff of the Monroe long-term marsh studies at Joel Ingram, Carol Johnston, Archives provided access to its Cecil Bay. Shari Gregory, Dave Kenyon, historic photography collection. Janet Keough, Elizabeth LaPorte, This study represents the efforts Michigan Sea Grant (www.mi- James McCormac, Rich Merritt, of many. Individuals participating seagrant.umich.edu) provided Mary Moffett, Glenn Palmgren, in the field studies include Larry access to its digital graphics col- Mary Rabe, Dave Rutkowski, Brewer, William Brodowich, lection, as did The Nature Thomas Simon, Steve Patrick Comer, Tim Garlock, Conservancy and the Michigan Sutherland, Todd Thompson, Chad Hess, Michael Kost, Will DNR. Ken Fettig, Leslie Johnson Don Uzarski, Howard Wandell, MacKinnon, Michael Penskar, and Alicia Burnell of MSUE’s Doug Wilcox, Leni Wilsmann, Ursula Peterson, Gary Reese, Gill ANR Publications turned a rough Earl Wolf and Gene Wright. Starks and Dan Wujek. Leah idea into a finished publication. Michael Kost, Rueben Goforth, Minc provided data analysis and Michael Penskar, Todd White and Funding for this publication was literature review; her contribu- Michael Monvils provided edi- provided by the National Oceanic tion cannot be overstated. toral comments that improved and Atmospheric Administration I especially appreciate text con- the accuracy and the flow of the through the Coastal Zone tributions by Vanessa Lougheed, text. Lyn Scrimger, Sue Ridge Management Program of the Sheila McNair, Rich Merritt, and Laraine Reynolds provided Michigan Department of Greg Soulliere and Todd White. administrative assistance. Cathie Environmental Quality. John Schafer’s photographs of Ballard, Dave Kenaga and Michigan’s field office of The the St. Clair flats inspire all of us. Maureen Houghton helped Nature Conservancy and the administer the project for Great Lakes Area of Expertise A number of others have provid- Michigan’s Department of Team of Michigan State ed valuable information, insights Environmental Quality, University Extension provided and commentary incorporated additional matching funds. into this work. These contribu- Many thanks to numerous pho- tors include Ted Batterson, Sandy tographers who allowed me to include their photos in this 2 Table of Contents Introduction. 4 The Natural Setting: The Environmental Context of Coastal Wetlands. 7 Aquatic Environments along the Great Lakes Shoreline . 8 Shoreline Configuration . 10 Wetland Site Types of Lacustrine Systems . 11 Wetland Site Types of Barrier-protected Lacustrine Systems . 12 Wetland Site Types of Riverine Systems . 14 Fluctuations in Great Lakes Water Levels . 17 Wetland Plant Response to Water Level Fluctuations . 20 Bedrock Geology . 22 Climate . 24 Human Land Use and Anthropogenic Stress. 25 The Diversity of Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands . 29 Zonal Wetland Vegetation . 30 Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands of Northern Michigan. 32 Northern Great Lakes Marsh. 32 Plankton: The Hidden World of the Marsh . 37 Northern Rich Fen. 39 St. Marys River Marshes . 42 Macroinvertebrates in Michigan’s Coastal Wetlands . 45 Lake Superior Poor Fen. 47 Fish in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands . 49 Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands of Southern Michigan. 53 Lake Michigan Drowned River Mouths . 53 Saginaw Bay Lakeplain Marsh . 56 Lakeplain Prairie . 60 St. Clair Lakeplain Marsh . 62 Waterfowl Use of Michigan’s Coastal Wetlands. 67 Lake Erie Lakeplain Marsh . 71 Case History of a Marsh: River Raisin Delta. 73 Restoration and Recovery . 79 Appendices. 86 Appendix A: Marshes in Michigan . 87 Appendix B: Referenced Species. 93 Appendix C: Suggested Readings . 96 3 Introduction Introduction J. Schafer magine flying over the Ishoreline of western Lake Erie and seeing a mile-wide swath of grasses and bulrushes rippling in the winds. As the plane passes, thousands of waterfowl rise and take flight to a distant edge of the marsh. We could also be in a canoe, paddling through shallow, meander- ing channels at the mouth of the River Raisin, gliding through an open bed of wild rice, with broad meadows of blue-joint grass and bulrush sur- rounding us in all direc- tions. The channel splits again and again before we reach the open waters of Aerial view of St. Clair River delta. the lake. One hundred and fifty broad coastal marshes nificent bird’s-foot delta of years ago, as the Michigan lined western Lake Erie, the St. Clair River, and territory was being settled, Lake St. Clair and the mag- many other river mouths and shallow bays of the D. Albert Great Lakes. Such marshes could be found on all of the Great Lakes, from the western tip of Lake Superior to the upper reaches of the St. Lawrence River and its countless trib- utaries. Early surveyors and historians described Canoeing in a slough of the St. Clair River delta. 5 Introduction D. Albert and mapped many of the largest wetlands. These descriptions invariably include uncountable flocks of waterfowl or abundant spawning and feeding fish. For centuries, Native American villages had con- gregated on the shoreline, attracted by the abundant fish and wildlife. Annual spawning of lake sturgeon, whitefish and suckers and Rock-armored mouth of the Menominee River, previously a large wetland. the presence of many other wildlife species pro- vided a bountiful harvest as factory or docking sites, wetland types with charac- to these original settlers of requiring the wetlands to teristic assemblages of Michigan. be filled. Ship access plant and animal species. required dredging, We identify the natural But as the number of straightening and stabiliz- processes that occur with- European settlers to the ing of the lower stream in the various types of Great Lakes region channels. Rapidly the coastal wetlands and make increased, these protected seemingly limitless marsh- Great Lakes wetlands eco- waters took on other val- es along the Great Lakes logically different from the ues that conflicted with and their connecting chan- smaller, inland wetlands the ecological values so nels began to disappear. familiar to many of us. important to the Native Finally, we discuss the American settlements and In this book, we define and impacts of human develop- the fish and wildlife of the describe the diversity of ment and land use on marsh. The river mouths coastal wetlands found coastal wetlands and dis- and bays provided refuge along the Great Lakes cuss ways in which we can to commercial boats and shoreline and connecting protect and restore this ships. The waters became waterways. Throughout important natural resource important for industrial the region, a series of envi- for future generations. processes such as steam ronmental factors con- power or cooling. The verge to create distinctive shorelines were developed wetland environments and 6 The Natural Setting: The Environmental Context of Coastal Wetlands reat Lakes coastal wetlands occur along the GGreat Lakes shoreline proper and in portions of tributary rivers and streams that are directly affected by Great Lakes water regimes. These wet- lands form a transition between the Great Lakes and adjacent terrestrial uplands and are influenced by both. Though multiple environmental factors are at work in structuring these systems, the most important factors appear to be: • The aquatic environment. • Shoreline configuration. • Water level fluctuations. • Bedrock geology. • Climate. • Human land use. These factors — some regional, some local — create the context for Great Lakes coastal wetlands and provide a broad classification framework for under- standing their diversity, distribution and species composition. Aquatic Environments along the Great Lakes Shoreline S. Kogge ater flow character- Wistics define distinc- tive aquatic environments within the Great Lakes. In lacustrine environments along the Great Lakes shoreline, water flow in the adjacent wetlands is controlled directly by waters of the Great Lakes; Lacustrine environment: along western Saginaw Bay. the wetlands are strongly affected by littoral (along- land. Barrier-protected shore) currents and storm- Along the most exposed wetlands are strongly driven wave action. shorelines, wetland habitat influenced by the water Lacustrine habitats gener- is rare, but wetlands fre- levels of the neighboring
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coastal Erosion - Orrin H
    COASTAL ZONES AND ESTUARIES – Coastal Erosion - Orrin H. Pilkey, William J. Neal, David M. Bush COASTAL EROSION Orrin H. Pilkey Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines, Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A. William J. Neal Department of Geology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA. David M. Bush Department of Geosciences, State University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA. Keywords: erosion, shoreline retreat, sea level rise, barrier islands, beach, coastal management, shoreline armoring, seawalls, sand supply Contents 1. Introduction 2. Causes of Erosion 2.1. Sea Level Rise 2.2. Sand Supply 2.3. Shoreline Engineering 2.4. Wave Energy and Storm Frequency 3. "Special" Cases 4. Solutions to Coastal Erosion 5. The Future Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Almost all of the world’s shorelines are retreating in a landward direction—a process called shoreline erosion. Sea level rise and the reduction of sand supply to the shoreline by damming of rivers, armoring of shorelines and the dredging of navigation channels are among the major causes of shoreline retreat. As sea levels continue to rise, sometimesUNESCO enhanced by subsidence caused – byEOLSS oil and water extraction, global erosion rates should increase in coming decades. Three response alternatives are available to "solve" the erosionSAMPLE problem. These are cons tructionCHAPTERS of seawalls and other engineering structures, beach nourishment and relocation or abandonment of buildings. No matter what path is chosen, response to the erosion problem is costly. 1. Introduction Coastal erosion is a major problem for developed shorelines everywhere in the world. Such erosion is regarded as a coastal hazard and is a common focus of local and national coastal management.
    [Show full text]
  • 8364 Licensed Charities As of 3/10/2020 MICS 24404 MICS 52720 T
    8364 Licensed Charities as of 3/10/2020 MICS 24404 MICS 52720 T. Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving, Inc. The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust USA, Inc. 100 E. Pratt St 25283 Cabot Road, Ste. 101 Baltimore MD 21202 Laguna Hills CA 92653 Phone: (410)345-3457 Phone: (949)305-3785 Expiration Date: 10/31/2020 Expiration Date: 10/31/2020 MICS 52752 MICS 60851 1 For 2 Education Foundation 1 Michigan for the Global Majority 4337 E. Grand River, Ste. 198 1920 Scotten St. Howell MI 48843 Detroit MI 48209 Phone: (425)299-4484 Phone: (313)338-9397 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 MICS 46501 MICS 60769 1 Voice Can Help 10 Thousand Windows, Inc. 3290 Palm Aire Drive 348 N Canyons Pkwy Rochester Hills MI 48309 Livermore CA 94551 Phone: (248)703-3088 Phone: (571)263-2035 Expiration Date: 07/31/2021 Expiration Date: 03/31/2020 MICS 56240 MICS 10978 10/40 Connections, Inc. 100 Black Men of Greater Detroit, Inc 2120 Northgate Park Lane Suite 400 Attn: Donald Ferguson Chattanooga TN 37415 1432 Oakmont Ct. Phone: (423)468-4871 Lake Orion MI 48362 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 Phone: (313)874-4811 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 MICS 25388 MICS 43928 100 Club of Saginaw County 100 Women Strong, Inc. 5195 Hampton Place 2807 S. State Street Saginaw MI 48604 Saint Joseph MI 49085 Phone: (989)790-3900 Phone: (888)982-1400 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 Expiration Date: 07/31/2020 MICS 58897 MICS 60079 1888 Message Study Committee, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics
    The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics Lake Michigan is a dynamic deepwater oligotrophic ecosystem that supports a diverse mix of native and non-native species. Although the watershed, wetlands, and tributaries that drain into the open waters are comprised of a wide variety of habitat types critical to supporting its diverse biological community this section will focus on the open water component of this system. Watershed, wetland, and tributaries issues will be addressed in the Northeastern Morainal Natural Division section. Species diversity, as well as their abundance and distribution, are influenced by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors that define a variety of open water habitat types. Key abiotic factors are depth, temperature, currents, and substrate. Biotic activities, such as increased water clarity associated with zebra mussel filtering activity, also are critical components. Nearshore areas support a diverse fish fauna in which yellow perch, rockbass and smallmouth bass are the more commonly found species in Illinois waters. Largemouth bass, rockbass, and yellow perch are commonly found within boat harbors. A predator-prey complex consisting of five salmonid species and primarily alewives populate the pelagic zone while bloater chubs, sculpin species, and burbot populate the deepwater benthic zone. Challenges Invasive species, substrate loss, and changes in current flow patterns are factors that affect open water habitat. Construction of revetments, groins, and landfills has significantly altered the Illinois shoreline resulting in an immeasurable loss of spawning and nursery habitat. Sea lampreys and alewives were significant factors leading to the demise of lake trout and other native species by the early 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Asclepias Purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed
    Asclepias purpurascens L. purple milkweed State Distribution Photo by Michael R. Penskar Best Survey Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Legal status: State threatened one or two additional umbels are present in the upper leaf axils. The individual flowers, which are usually Global and state rank: G4G5/S3 from 13-17 mm long, bear reflexed, purplish corolla lobes that are glabrous (smooth), pale purple hoods Family: Asclepiadaceae (milkweed family) (forming the corona) 5-7 mm long, and incurved flat horns that are shorter than the hood. The reproductive Total range: Asclepias purpurascens is found parts (filaments, anthers, and style) are fused into a principally in eastern North America, occurring from structure called the gynostegium. The fruit is a smooth New Hampshire south to Virginia and ranging west to follicle (a pod) filled with seeds attached to downy hairs Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, and Oklahoma. (coma) that aid in wind dispersal. State distribution: Purple milkweed is known from Asclepias purpurascens is often difficult to distinguish more than 60 occurrences in southern Michigan; thirty- from the very similar looking common milkweed, four of these records are derived from collections made Asclepias syriaca, which despite its unfortunate prior to 1930. This species is concentrated primarily Latin epithet is also a native milkweed. Overall, the in southeastern and southwestern Lower Michigan, leaves of A. purpurascens are more acute and less where it is known from 19 counties, with most counties predominately pinnately–veined (i.e. more strongly tallying only a single occurrence. Counties with the net-veined) than A.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Limnology of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron
    PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY OF SAGINAW BAY, LAKE HURON ALFRED M. BEETON U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Ann Arbor, Michigan STANFORD H. SMITH U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Ann Arbor, Michigan and FRANK H. HOOPER Institute for Fisheries Research Michigan Department of Conservation Ann Arbor, Michigan GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION 1451 GREEN ROAD ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN SEPTEMBER, 1967 PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY OF SAGINAW BAY, LAKE HURON1 Alfred M. Beeton, 2 Stanford H. Smith, and Frank F. Hooper3 ABSTRACT Water temperature and the distribution of various chemicals measured during surveys from June 7 to October 30, 1956, reflect a highly variable and rapidly changing circulation in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. The circula- tion is influenced strongly by local winds and by the stronger circulation of Lake Huron which frequently causes injections of lake water to the inner extremity of the bay. The circulation patterns determined at six times during 1956 reflect the general characteristics of a marine estuary of the northern hemisphere. The prevailing circulation was counterclockwise; the higher concentrations of solutes from the Saginaw River tended to flow and enter Lake Huron along the south shore; water from Lake Huron entered the northeast section of the bay and had a dominant influence on the water along the north shore of the bay. The concentrations of major ions varied little with depth, but a decrease from the inner bay toward Lake Huron reflected the dilution of Saginaw River water as it moved out of the bay. Concentrations in the outer bay were not much greater than in Lake Huronproper.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants with a Purpose
    2017 GREATPLANTS GARDENER NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM “Sustainable landscapes for healthy homes and communities” Plants with a Purpose Christina Hoyt, NSA Executive Director Bob Henrickson, Horticulture Director Over the last (almost) 40 years of work we have come to understand that landscapes have a dramatic impact on quality of life—they renew our environment, improve our health, increase social interactions, deepen our sense of place and provide opportunities for learning. Possibilities abound for Fireworks Restaurant in Lincoln, Nebraska purposeful beauty. And it is simply impos- was recognized as an accredited Arboretum sible to have a healthy landscape without in June 2016. NSA staff are shown with Reba a rich diversity of trees and plants. Our Schafer of Telesis, Inc. Horticulture Program continues to be a Meadow leader in the region, testing and introduc- As we go forward, we hope we will ing plants that will be useful and beauti- see you in the coming year. We encourage ful in themselves and also to the broader you to become a member, attend an event, Blazing Star environment. collect seed, organize a community plant- Winter is a time to pause and dream ing and find ways to make your yard more Perennial of the Year a bit about the coming season. What an ecologically friendly. incredibly hopeful cycle we get to experi- ence in the plains—knowing that, after Liatris ligulistylis months of cold, the ground will thaw and Height: 3-4 feet high new plant life will emerge. We hope you INSIDE Spread: 12-18 inches wide find the following pages inspiring, and Sun: full sun maybe you’ll find a new plant-friend to GOLDENRODS 5 add to your landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • AN OVERVIEW of the GEOLOGY of the GREAT LAKES BASIN by Theodore J
    AN OVERVIEW OF THE GEOLOGY OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN by Theodore J. Bornhorst 2016 This document may be cited as: Bornhorst, T. J., 2016, An overview of the geology of the Great Lakes basin: A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Web Publication 1, 8p. This is version 1 of A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum Web Publication 1 which was only internally reviewed for technical accuracy. The Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes basin, as defined by watersheds that drain into the Great Lakes (Figure 1), includes about 85 % of North America’s and 20 % of the world’s surface fresh water, a total of about 5,500 cubic miles (23,000 cubic km) of water (1). The basin covers about 94,000 square miles (240,000 square km) including about 10 % of the U.S. population and 30 % of the Canadian population (1). Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake entirely within the United States. The State of Michigan lies at the heart of the Great Lakes basin. Together the Great Lakes are the single largest surface fresh water body on Earth and have an important physical and cultural role in North America. Figure 1: The Great Lakes states and Canadian Provinces and the Great Lakes watershed (brown) (after 1). 1 Precambrian Bedrock Geology The bedrock geology of the Great Lakes basin can be subdivided into rocks of Precambrian and Phanerozoic (Figure 2). The Precambrian of the Great Lakes basin is the result of three major episodes with each followed by a long period of erosion (2, 3). Figure 2: Generalized Precambrian bedrock geologic map of the Great Lakes basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes Connecting Channels, Widening and Deepening Bends in the St
    FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT SUPPLEMENT NO. 2 GREAT LAKES CONNECTING CHANNELS WIDENING AND DEEPENING BENDS IN THE ST. MARYS RIVER, MICHIGAN (PHASE III) Prepared by U. S. Army Engineer District Detroit, Michigan March 1974 STATEMENT OF FINDINGS GREAT LAKES CONNECTING CHANNELS WIDENING AND DEEPENING BENDS IN ST. MARYS RIVER, MICHIGAN PHASE III SUPPLEMENT NO. 2 1. I have reviewed and evaluated, in light of the overall public interest, the documents concerning the proposed action, as well as the stated views of other interested agencies and the concerned public, relative to the proposed dredging project on the connect­ ing channel waterway of the St. Marys River. 2. The River and Harbor Act of 1956 (P.L. 434, 84th Congress) pro­ vided for a safe vessel draft of 25.5 feet for both upbound and downbound traffic with a least channel width of 300 feet. Authority for inclusion of design and construction of the bend widening projects for the St. Marys River into the existing Great Lakes Channels Authorization was granted by the Chief of Engineers on 12 December 1967, subject: Great Lakes Connecting Channels, Widening and Deepening Bends in the St. Marys and St. Clair Rivers. 3. The continued well-being of tire St. Marys River is a matter of great concern to a wide scope of interests, whether they be commer­ cial, conservational, or recreational. The needs of waterborne commerce in terms of the project were carefully and objectively weighed against the potential impacts on the environment as well as the valid objections of concerned individuals and organizations. All phases of the project have been and continue to be coordinated with the appropriate Federal, State and local agencies having perti­ nent responsibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • GLRI Fact Sheet
    WISCONSIN PROJECTS FOR 2010-2011 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Federal funds support critical restoration and protection work on Wisconsinʼs Great Lakes Wisconsinʼs agencies and Priorities for the Great Lakes. GLRI funds will help Wisconsin address Great Lakes Drainage Basins in Wisconsin organizations received almost $30 these priorities on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior million in grants for the first year of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative – a Lake Superior. federal basin-wide effort to restore and Economic Benefits of Restoration protect the Great Lakes. Restoring the Great Lakes will bring great benefits to our state. Work done A Vital Economic Asset under the GLRI will create jobs, The Great Lakes have had profound stimulate economic development, and Lake effects on our environment, culture, Michigan improve freshwater resources and ! and quality of life. They have fueled shoreline communities. A study our economic growth in the past and – conducted by the Brookings Institution if properly restored and protected – will Map Scale: found that fully implementing the 1 inch = 39.46 miles help us revitalize our economy in the regional collaboration strategy will future. generate $80-$100 billion in short and Lake Superior and Lake Michigan are affected by the actions of people throughout their watersheds. Lake Lake Michigan and Lake Superior long term benefits, including: Superior’s watershed drains 1,975,902 acres and provide: • $6.5-$11.8 billion in benefits supports 123,000 people. Lake Michigan’s watershed from tourism, fishing and drains 9,105,558 acres and supports 2,352,417 • Sport fishing opportunities for people. more than 250,000 anglers, recreation.
    [Show full text]
  • NOAA Great Lakes Charts Catalog Reference
    Charts on the Great Lakes and Adjacent Waters 96° 94° Data On the Great Lakes System Chart Number Title Scale Chart Number Title Scale Chart Number Title Scale LAKE LAKE LAKE LAKE LAKE LAKE 14500 Great Lakes—Lake Champlain to Lake of the Woods 1:1,500,000 14847 Toledo Harbor 1:20,000 14915 Little Bay de Noc 1:30,000 GENERAL LAKE DIMENSION SUPERIOR MICHIGAN HURON ST. CLAIR ERIE ONTARIO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER Entrance Channel 1:40,000 14916 SMALL-CRAFT BOOK CHART Length in miles 350 307 206 26 241 193 14770 Morristown, N.Y. to Butternut Bay, Ont. 1:15,000 14848 Detroit River 1:30,000 Lake Winnebago and Lower Fox River (book of 34 charts) Various 14850 Lake St. Clair 1:60,000 14917 Menominee and Marinette Harbors 1:15,000 14500 Breadth in miles 160 118(1) 183(2) 24 57 53 14771 Butternut Bay, Ont., to Ironsides lsland., N.Y. 1:15,000 Length in coastline (including islands) 2,730 1,640 3,830(3) 257 871 712 14772 Ironsides lsland, N.Y., to Bingham lsland, Ont. 1:15,000 14852 St. Clair River 1:40,000 14918 Head of Green Bay, including Fox River below De Pere 1:25,000 Area in square miles 14773 Gananoque, Ont., to St. Lawrence Park. N.Y. 1:15,000 Head of St. Clair River 1:15,000 Green Bay 1:10,000 1450 Water Surface, United States 20,600(4) 22,300(5) 9,150(6) 198(7) 4,980 3,560(8) 14774 Round lsland, N.Y., and Gananoque, Ont., to Wolfe l., Ont.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes/Big Rivers Fisheries Operational Plan Accomplishment
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Fisheries Operational Plan Accomplishment Report for Fiscal Year 2004 March 2003 Region 3 - Great Lakes/Big Rivers Partnerships and Accountability Aquatic Habitat Conservation and Management Workforce Management Aquatic Species Conservation and Aquatic Invasive Species Management Cooperation with Native Public Use Leadership in Science Americans and Technology To view monthly issues of “Fish Lines”, see our Regional website at: (http://www.fws.gov/midwest/Fisheries/) 2 Fisheries Accomplishment Report - FY2004 Great Lakes - Big Rivers Region Message from the Assistant Regional Director for Fisheries The Fisheries Program in Region 3 (Great Lakes – Big Rivers) is committed to the conservation of our diverse aquatic resources and the maintenance of healthy, sustainable populations of fish that can be enjoyed by millions of recreational anglers. To that end, we are working with the States, Tribes, other Federal agencies and our many partners in the private sector to identify, prioritize and focus our efforts in a manner that is most complementary to their efforts, consistent with the mission of our agency, and within the funding resources available. At the very heart of our efforts is the desire to be transparent and accountable and, to that end, we present this Region 3 Annual Fisheries Accomplishment Report for Fiscal Year 2004. This report captures our commitments from the Region 3 Fisheries Program Operational Plan, Fiscal Years 2004 & 2005. This document cannot possibly capture the myriad of activities that are carried out by any one station in any one year, by all of the dedicated employees in the Fisheries Program, but, hopefully, it provides a clear indication of where our energy is focused.
    [Show full text]
  • Saginaw River/Bay Fish & Wildlife Habitat BUI Removal Documentation
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION 5 77 WEST JACKSON BOULEVARD CHICAGO, IL 60604-3590 6 MAY 2014 REPLY TO THE ATTENTION OF Mr. Roger Eberhardt Acting Deputy Director, Office of the Great Lakes Michigan Department of Environmental Quality 525 West Allegan P.O. Box 30473 Lansing, Michigan 48909-7773 Dear Roger: Thank you for your February 6, 2014, request to remove the "Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat" Beneficial Use Impairment (BUI) from the Saginaw River/Bay Area of Concern (AOC) in Michigan, As you know, we share your desire to restore all of the Great Lakes AOCs and to formally delist them. Based upon a review of your submittal and the supporting data, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency hereby approves your BUI removal request for the Saginaw River/Bay AOC, EPA will notify the International Joint Commission of this significant positive environmental change at this AOC. We congratulate you and your staff, as well as the many federal, state, and local partners who have worked so hard and been instrumental in achieving this important environmental improvement. Removal of this BUI will benefit not only the people who live and work in the Saginaw River/Bay AOC, but all the residents of Michigan and the Great Lakes basin as well. We look forward to the continuation of this important and productive relationship with your agency and the local coordinating committee as we work together to fully restore all of Michigan's AOCs. If you have any further questions, please contact me at (312) 353-4891, or your staff may contact John Perrecone, at (312) 353-1149.
    [Show full text]