Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

Essential Clinical Immunology

The ways in which we can better understand cancer, HIV, and other autoimmune diseases through clinical immunology are of great interest to all scientists, from students to post-graduate practitioners. Designed as an introduction to science students (MD, MD–PhD, PhD) as well as to more advanced PhDs and medical practitioners, this book focuses on the importance of immunological concepts in disease states. Essential Clinical Immunology begins with the basic concepts and then details the immuno- logical aspects of various disease states involving major organs of the body. The book explores how we can better understand disease and its treatment through clinical immunology. Looking forward, each chapter concludes with patterns for future research.

John B. Zabriskie (M.D., Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons) is Professor Emeritus and former head of the Laboratory of Clinical Micro- biology and Immunology at The Rockefeller University, New York, New York. He has written numerous articles on immunology, microbiology, and neurology.

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

Essential Clinical Immunology

Edited by

John B. Zabriskie The Rockefeller University

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa~o Paulo, Delhi

Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521704892

© Cambridge University Press 2009

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First published 2009

Printed in Hong Kong by Golden Cup.

A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Essential clinical immunology/edited by John B. Zabriskie. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-51681-5 (hardback) – ISBN 978-0-521-70489-2 (pbk.) 1. Clinical immunology. 2. Immunologic diseases. I. Zabriskie, John B. [DNLM: 1. Immunity. 2. Immune System Diseases. 3. Immune System. QW 540 E783 2009] RC582. E85 2009 616. 07’9 –dc22 2008030935

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© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

Contents

List of Contributors vii

1 Basic Components of the Immune System 1 John B. Zabriskie, M.D.

2 Immunological Techniques 21 John B. Zabriskie, M.D.

3 Immune Regulation 33 Nina Bhardwaj, M.D., Ph.D., David O’Neill, M.D., and Thomas Waldmann, M.D.

4 Immunological Aspects of Infection 45 Kumar Visvanathan, M.D., Ph.D., Christopher M. MacIsaac, M.D., Ph.D., William W. Hall, M.D., Ph.D., and Vincent A. Fischetti, Ph.D.

5 Immunological Aspects of Immunodefi ciency Diseases 61 Dinakantha S. Kumararatne, M.D.

6 Autoimmunity 91 Haoyang Zhuang, Ph.D., Matthew Kosboth, M.D., Jennifer A. Sipos, M.D., Minoru Satoh, M.D., Ph.D., Lijun Yang, M.D., and Westley H. Reeves, M.D.

7 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 119 Nicholas Chiorazzi, M.D., and Manlio Ferrarini, M.D.

8 Immunology of HIV Infections 131 Anders G. Vahlne, M.D., Ph.D.

9 Immunological Aspects of Allergy and Anaphylaxis 145 Paul M. Ehrlich, M.D., and Jonathan D. Field, M.D., F.A.A.A.I.

10 Immunological Aspects of Skin Diseases 163 James G. Krueger, M.D., Ph.D., and Lisa Zaba, M.D., Ph.D.

v

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

11 Experimental Approaches to the Study of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases 175 Dalit Ashany, M.D., and Mary K. Crow, M.D.

12 Immunological Aspects of Cardiac Disease 199 John B. Zabriskie, M.D., Allan Gibofsky, M.D., J.D., Wesley C. Van Voorhis, M.D., Ph.D., Frederick S. Buckner, M.D., and Noel R. Rose, M.D., Ph.D.

13 Immunological Aspects of Chest Diseases: The Case of Tuberculosis 231 Ernesto Muñoz-Elías, Ph.D., and Robert J. Wilkinson, Ph.D., FRCP

14 Immunological Aspects of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease 251 Christine Moung, M.D., and Lloyd Mayer, M.D.

15 Immunological Aspects of Endocrine Disease 277 Jean-François Bach, M.D.

16 Immune-Mediated Neurological Syndromes 293 Jacqueline Friedman, M.D.

17 Immunological Aspects of Renal Disease 313 Gil Cu, M.D., and John B. Zabriskie, M.D.

18 Immunological Aspects of Transplantation 331 Jeffrey M. Venstrom, M.D., and James W. Young, M.D.

Index 349

vi Contents

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

Contributors

Dalit Ashany, M.D. Department of Rheumatology Assistant Attending Physician, Hospital for Special Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York, NY Assistant Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell Gil Cu, M.D. University Assistant Professor and Medical Hospital for Special Surgery Director New York, NY Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Jean-François Bach, M.D. University of Florida, Jacksonville Professor of Immunology, Jacksonville, FL Necker Hospital, Paris Secrétaire perpétuel Paul M. Ehrlich, M.D. Académie des sciences Clinical Assistant Professor Paris, France Department of Pediatrics Nina Bhardwaj, M.D., Ph.D. New York University School of Medicine Director of Tumor Vaccine Center New York, NY New York Cancer Institute New York, NY Manlio Ferrarini, M.D. Istituto Nazionale per La Ricerca sul Frederick S. Buckner, M.D. Cancro, IST Associate Professor Genova, Italy Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Jonathan D. Field, M.D., F.A.A.A.I. University of Washington Director, Pediatric Allergy and Seattle, WA Immunology Clinic Nicholas Chiorazzi, M.D. New York University/Bellevue Investigator and Director, Laboratory Medical Center of Experimental Immunology New York, NY Feinstein Institute for Medical Vincent A. Fischetti, Ph.D. Research Head, Laboratory of Bacterial Manhasset, NY Pathogenesis Mary K. Crow, M.D. Rockefeller University Senior Scientist New York, NY

vii

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

Jacqueline Friedman, M.D. Lloyd Mayer, M.D. Clinical Professor Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurology Immunobiology Center New York Harbor Dorothy and David Merksamer VA Medical Center Professor of Medicine New York, NY Chief, Division of Clinical Immunology Allan Gibofsky, M.D. Chief, Division of Gastroenterology Professor Mount Sinai Medical Center Department of Medicine and Public New York, NY Health Weill Medical College of Cornell Christine Moung, M.D. University Department of Pathology New York, NY Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY William W. Hall, M.D., Ph.D. Professor Ernesto Muñoz-Elías, Ph.D. Department of Medical Postdoctoral Fellow Microbiology Department of Microbiology University College Dublin Tufts University Dublin, Ireland Boston, MA

Matthew Kosboth, M.D. David O’Neill, M.D. Rheumatology Fellow Assistant Professor of Pathology Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Director, NYUCI Vaccine and Cell Immunology Therapy Core Facility University of Florida New York University School of Gainesville, FL Medicine New York, NY James G. Krueger, M.D., Ph.D. Professor/Medical Director Westley H. Reeves, M.D. Rockefeller University Marcia Whitney Schott Professor of New York, NY Medicine Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Dinakantha S. Kumararatne, M.D. Immunology Consultant in Immunology University of Florida Department of Clinical Biochemistry Gainesville, FL and Immunology Addenbrooke’s Hospital Noel R. Rose, M.D., Ph.D. Cambridge, UK Professor of Pathology Professor of Molecular Microbiology Christopher M. MacIsaac, M.D., Ph.D. and Immunology Candidate Director, Johns Hopkins Center for Centre for Infl ammatory Diseases Autoimmune Disease Research Monash Institute of Medical Research Bloomberg School of Public Health Clayton, Victoria, Australia Baltimore, MD

viii Contributors

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

Minoru Satoh, M.D., Ph.D. Adjunct Professor of Pathobiology Associate Professor University of Washington Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Seattle, WA Immunology University of Florida Thomas Waldmann, M.D. Gainesville, FL Head, Cytokine Immunology and Immunotherapy Section Jennifer A. Sipos, M.D. Metabolism Branch Chief Assistant Professor Center for Cancer Research, National Division of Endocrinology Cancer Institute University of Florida National Institutes of Health Gainesville, FL Washington, DC

Anders G. Vahlne, M.D., Ph.D. Robert J. Wilkinson, Ph.D., FRCP Professor of Clinical Virology Institute of Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, Molecular Medicine Microbiology, Pathology, and University of Cape Town Infectious Diseases Cape Town, South Africa Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge Lijun Yang, M.D. Stockholm, Sweden Associate Professor Department of Pathology, Jeffrey M. Venstrom, M.D. Immunology and Laboratory Fellow, Hematology-Medical Medicine Oncology University of Florida Department of Medicine Gainesville, FL Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center James W. Young, M.D. New York, NY Chief (Interim), Adult Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Kumar Visvanathan, M.D., Ph.D. Attending Physician and Member Director, Innate Immunity Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical Laboratory and Infectious College of Cornell University Diseases Physician Division of Hematologic Oncology Centre for Infl ammatory Diseases Department of Medicine Department of Medicine (Monash Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Medical Centre) Center Monash University New York, NY Clayton, Victoria, Australia Lisa Zaba, M.D., Ph.D. Wesley C. Van Voorhis, M.D., Ph.D. Biomedical Fellow Training Program Director, Infectious Rockefeller University Diseases Krueger Laboratory Professor of Medicine New York, NY

Contributors ix

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-70489-2 - Essential Clinical Immunology Edited by John B. Zabriskie Frontmatter More information

John B. Zabriskie, M.D. Haoyang Zhuang, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, Laboratory Graduate Assistant of Clinical Microbiology and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Immunology Rockefeller University University of Florida New York, NY Gainesville, FL

x Contributors

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