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The Peloponnese Peninsula (Greece)

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The Peloponnese Peninsula (Greece) R S www.irss.academyirmbr.com April 2020 S International Review of Social Sciences Vol. 8 Issue.4 I The Contribution of "Mythical" Wetlands to the Sustainable Local Development. As a Case Study: The Peloponnese Peninsula (Greece) MARIA KRASOPOULOU Phd Candidate, Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Home Economics and Ecology Email: [email protected] Tel: +302109549213 ROIDO MITOULA Professor, Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Home Economics and Ecology Email: [email protected] Tel: +302109549213 HELEN THEODOROPOULOU Professor, Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Home Economics and Ecology Email: [email protected] Tel: +302109549205 EVANGELIA GEORGITSOGIANNI Professor, Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Home Economics and Ecology Email: [email protected] Tel: +302109549206 ABSTRACT The study refers on the contribution of "mythical" wetlands, to the sustainable development of sites. The case study selected, is the Peloponnese peninsula, namely the wetland at Anavalos in Argolis, the river Ladonas in Arcadia, the sources of Lerni in Argolis, Stymfalia Lake and Doxa in Corinthia and Hydra Styx in Achaia. Initially, the relationship between the aquatic landscapes with humans is explained and the utility of the aquatic sites is emphasized on an ideological level. The interdisciplinary range of research is based on the mythological connection of wetlands to historical, geological, geographical, social and cultural elements. The approach explores how the natural and anthropogenic landscape - a picture of a place - can help interpret and exploit this place and influence the potentials or even trigger the activation of the regions wider development. Therefore, the need for prudent management and utilization, is highlighted, in order to contribute for the increase in traffic and on the wider development of sites. In terms of cultural elements, the methodology of the approach was based on historical facts as well as on personal contact with the inhabitants of the wider areas. The link between wetlands is mythology, which creates the basic network that will connect the areas under consideration. The wetlands that were selected for the case study are based on mythological, geographical and on some specific physical characteristics of each site. Both the research methodology, the conclusions and proposals can be applied not only to the selected research areas but also to other areas with similar characteristics. Keywords: Mythical Wetlands, Local Development, Sustainable Development, Peloponnese Peninsula. Introduction Modern development strategies today focus on the goal of Sustainable Development. A development that aims to empower places in various aspects, such as the environment, economy, society and culture ISSN 2309-0081 Maria, Roido, Helen & Evangelia (2020) 26 R S www.irss.academyirmbr.com April 2020 S International Review of Social Sciences Vol. 8 Issue.4 I simultaneously. The ultimate goal is to ensure quality of life for residents and prosper of the environment, to perpetuity. The endless prosperity of all resources for present and future generations. This was, after all, the recorded commitment of key international conferences such as the Stockholm Conference (United Nations, 1972), the Brundland Report (United Nations, 1987), and Rio de Janeiro as detailed in Local Agenda 21 (United Nations, 1992), and others that followed (Mitoula, 2009). In the same context, European Union has moved both through political policies (Bibles, Directives, etc.) and through actions (Programs, Finances). After all, Sustainable Development is now an institutional goal of the Union, as detailed in the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 (Mitoula, 2006). Greek state has gradually adapted these international and European orientations and incorporated in its institutional framework laws and regulations, aimed at Sustainable Development in all areas: the environment, the economy, society, culture. At the same time, it has taken actions and set up Strategic Sustainable Development Plans at regional and local level. In the context of all these efforts, the present research is focused on the Peloponnese Peninsula. One peninsula in which three Greek administratively regions are involved: the Region of Peloponnese as a whole (prefectures of Arcadia, Argolis, Corinth, Laconia and Messinia), the Region of Western Greece (Prefectures of Achaia and Ilia) and part of the Region of Attica. Specifically it refers to the wetlands of Anavalos in Argolis, the river Ladona in Arcadia, the water sources of Lern in Argolis, the Stymfalia and Doxa lakes in Corinth and the Stygos waters in Achaia. Therefore, the research was not focused on one administrative region, but on the whole Peloponnese. This is because, the element of water know no borders and boundaries, is connected and flows at every point, and is not separated in parts and administrations. For that reason in the research the Peloponnese is an integrated unit. A key research question is whether the aforementioned 'mythical' wetlands can contribute to the Sustainable Development of the wider Peloponnese peninsula and what policies should be applied to further enhance the potential for development. In general, Peloponnese region is known for its regional identity and its wetlands, which have a rich cultural mythological background and can be promoted and integrated into a wider educational process, directly contributing to the development of local tourism. The research focuses on wetland approaches as an information network. Issues concerning the natural landscape, changes in the historical and cultural landscape are approached through the scientific areas of Geography, Landscape Ecology - a term first used by the German biographer Carl Troll in 1939 - and the distinct discipline of mythology by E. Hamilton, (2011). The myth of places decodes the concept of space, giving a third dimension to the subject. The initially unrelated mythical aspect of research comes to complement its presence and underlies the power and the momentum of nature. This link defines wetlands culturally and will launch their multicultural frame of reference. The basic idea is, that by highlighting a natural landscape, an entire area can be developed, through the combination of regeneration and aquatic navigation. These aquatic landscapes are not simply part of a closed framework of a network or a semantic reference site or a mapping report of the area under study. This effort aims at a comprehensive exploration of mythological references, cultural interconnection, regional development and landscape redevelopment. This enables the observer to become part of the landscape as well as, to read and move around the aquatic element. The text will then analyze the concept of the aquatic space and its relationship to humans. The methodological approach to the cultural aspect was based on historical evidence, personal contact with the place itself and the inhabitants of the wider area. Mythology has been chosen as the connecting link of wetlands, which will create their basic connection network. Therefore, the wetlands selected for the case study, were chosen upon mythological, geographical and specific physical characteristics of each site. ISSN 2309-0081 Maria, Roido, Helen & Evangelia (2020) 27 R S www.irss.academyirmbr.com April 2020 S International Review of Social Sciences Vol. 8 Issue.4 I Literature Review Wetlands Sites and their Significance An important reminder is that water is not just an element, but the primary source that determines sustainable development. The protection and management of water are at the heart of the interest of all the states of our planet, because of their great strategic importance for sustainable development. In management programs, water has no longer boundaries and is utilized in wider regional districts without borders and leaks. In many cases water basins are communicated not only from County to County but also from Region to Region. It is worth noting that more than 200 water systems across national borders worldwide and 13 major rivers and lakes are shared by 100 countries. From this alone, the great strategic importance of water in the coming years is highlighted, and it is estimated that by 2025 three billion people will live in countries with scarce or partially scarce in water. (Malamatari, 2010) According to the "Convention on Wetlands of International Importance as a Wetland Bird Habitat", known as the "Ramsar Convention", the definition of wetlands is worded as follows: "Wetlands are natural or artificial areas, consisting of marshy grasslands (marshes), from non-soluble bivalve marshes with pebbles (fen), pebbles or water. These areas shall be permanently or temporarily flooded with water, which is stationary or flowing, sweet, brackish or salty and shall also include those covered by seawater, the depth of which shall not exceed six meters. " The wetland may be contained in the watercourse and vice versa, but this relationship is not the norm. That is, the wetland may in some cases be identified as a water resource, but without losing its original status as a predominantly aquatic site. Wetlands are distinguished between natural and artificial. The first category includes rivers, streams, springs, estuaries and deltas, permanent and seasonal lakes, marshes, marshes and marshes, wet meadows, reeds, lagoons, salty marshes, sand dunes, marine lakes, marine beaches. The second category includes artificial dam ponds, water reservoirs, drainage ditches, irrigation canals,
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