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Third Edition
Advanced Student's Book
Tim Falla Paul A Davies Jane Hudson OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Culture and literature Bank p108 Vocabulary Builder pl27 Grammar Builder and Reference 1 The legend of King Arthur, The Sword in the Stone TH White 2 Elizabethan theatre, As You Like It William Shakespeare 3 The story of the sonnet, Extra Speaking Tasks p151 Hour Carol Ann Duffy 4 The British in India, The Siege of Krishnapur JG Farrell 5 The American Civil War, Little Women Louisa May Alcott Listening (1.01 = disk 1, track 1 / 6 The Industrial Revolution, Great Expectations Charles Dickens 7 Lewis and Clark, On the Road Jack Kerouac 8 The Cold War, 7984 George Orwell 0 2.01 = disk 2, track 1, etc.) 9 Developments in science fiction, Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury
E WordSkills F Reading G Speaking H Writing pH Phrasal verbs (1) p14 Bad beginnings pl6 Interview p17 Opinion essay Separable/Inseparable Bad beginnings Strategy: Using complex sentences Strategy: How to write an opinion essay Tra nsitive/1 ntra nsitive Strategy: Locating information in a text Key phrases: Introducing reasons and Vocabulary: Personality Dictionary work Vocabulary: Nouns formed from phrasal verbs explanations; Marking a change of topic Grammar: Linking adverbs Use of English Critical analysis: Metaphors Use of English 0 An interview
• Writing: Opinion essay p25 Compounds p26 The Womon in White p28 Photo comparison p29 Film review A strange encounter Strategy: Comparing photos Strategy: Evaluating a film Vocabulary: Nouns from Strategy: Summarising a text Grammar: Speculating Vocabulary: Adjectives to describe films phrasal verbs Critical analysis: Formal literary language Key phrases: Comparing and contrasting photos; Expressing opinions 0 Photo descriptions
p35 Metaphors and similes p36 Animal partnerships p38 Collaborative task p39 A proposal Vocabulary: Metaphors and Symbiosis: a mutual understanding Strategy 1: Avoiding repeating words Strategy: Structuring a proposal Strategy: Gapped-paragraph tasks Strategy 2: Negotiating an agreement Key phrases: Stating the purpose; Critical analysis: Emphatic adjectives Key phrases: Talking about advantages and Background information; Making disadvantages; Disagreeing politely: Asking if your recommendations and suggestions; partner agrees; Conceding a point; Concluding the Final recommendations discussion 0 A discussion about friendships • Speaking: Collaborative task • Writing: Proposal p48 How language changes us pSO Discussion pSl Letter to an editor Vocabulary: Binomial pairs Can learning a language rewire your brain/ Strategy: Using rhetorical questions Strategy: Appropriate language for a Strategy: Answering multiple-choice questions Key phrases: Acknowledging without agreeing formal letter Vocabulary: Speech verbs Vocabulary: Adjectives to describe change Vocabulary: Formal and informal Critical analysis: Direct speech in fiction 0 A discussion about inventions equivalents p57 Dependent prepositions p58 'Why?' 'Because it was there!' p60 Photo comparison p61 For and against essay Strategy: Gapped-text tasks Strategy: Speaking for a minute Strategy: Following a logical structure Speaking: Opinions on Vocabulary: Intensifying adverbs Speaking: Speaking for one minute on a chosen (paragraphing) violence Critical analysis: Techniques in fiction topic Key phrases: Introducing and listing Key phrases: Fillers and paraphrasing; Speculating arguments; Introducing a similar and 0 Photo comparison opposing points; Putting the same idea in a different way • Speaking: Talking about photos • Writing: Letter to an editor p69 Phrasal verbs (2) p70 I have a dream p72 Debate p73 An informal email Phrasal verbs: literal and Is Martin Luther King's ·1 have a dream' the greatest speech Strategy: Structuring arguments Strategy: Style and conventions of emails idiomatic meaning in history/ Key phrases: Discourse markers Key phrases: Showing empathy Strategy: Identifying similarities and differences in texts 0 The Lincoln Memorial Critical analysis: Sophisticated language
p80 Time traveller p82 Collaborative task p83 Letter of complaint John Titor, Time traveller Strategy: Asking open questions Strategy: Using more sophisticated Strategy: Using paragraph openers to locate key information Vocabulary: Types of holiday: On holiday language Vocabulary: Describing rumour and possibility Key phrases: Eliciting a response; Revision Vocabulary: Travel problems Critical analysis: Understanding cliche advantages and disadvantages Talking about advantages and disadvantages • Writing: Letter of complaint
p92 Trade secrets p94 Discussion p95 Discursive essay Trade Secrets Strategy: Listening to other speakers Strategy: Including all the points in the Strategy: Multiple-matching tasks Key phrases: Agreeing and disagreeing; Adding task and writing in an appropriate style Vocabulary: Collocations and justifying your opinion Key phrases: Causes and consequences Critical analysis: Avoiding repetition Vocabulary: Discourse markers 0 A discussion p101 Collocations with p102 Grand finale p104 Collaborative task plOS A report common verbs (come, do, put Final page vs closing scene Strategy: Sharing interaction equally Strategy: Structuring a report and take) Strategy: Identifying paraphrasing Key phrases: Dealing with, allowing and rejecting Key phrases: Evaluating an experience; Critical analysis: Standard verbs vs phrasal verbs interruptions; Continuing after an interruption Comparing and contrasting different Vocabulary: Synonyms forimportant wwwaspects.Zaba nBook.com :&S,._,w Past simple and present perfect I can use the past simple and present perfect tenses.
Though I've been learning English I struggled with English at first, since I was a little kid, I've never but I've come on in leaps and 1 Read what the people say about learning English. had the opportunity to travel to bounds in the past couple of years. Which experiences and opinions do you share? an English-speaking country. Which do you not share?
2 Find all the examples of the past simple, present perfect simple and present perfect continuous in the speech bubbles. When do we use the three tenses? Check your ideas in the Grammar Builder.
- Grammar Builder I.1 page 131
3 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. Say why you chose each tense. belong bump into know leave look for not meet move phone run see wait work out As soon as I've finished my exams, 1 Dave is at home. I know because he_ ____me I'm hoping to spend some time abroad. just a few minutes ago. I might go to Britain or Ireland. 2 How long__ ___you __ ___that you have a half-brother? 3 Jason___ __ his personal training business since he to London in 2015. 4 This ring____ _ to me since my grandmother _____ it to me three years ago. 5 I wish the bus would come. ___I __ for it for ages! 6 He's very sweaty because he______at the gym. 7 If you_ ____my friend Sam, I'll introduce you. 8 I must buy this jacket. It's just what ____I _ 9 _____you __ ___ Darren lately?' 'Yes, I 7 Complete the phrases the speakers used. _____him this morning in town.' 1 learn words in ______/ in isolation 4 In your notebook, complete each sentence twice using the 2 memorise ______phrases past simple and the present perfect simple or continuous. 3 an incomprehensible ______of sound Use the verbs in brackets. Say how the meaning changes. 4 part of my ______vocabulary I (not see) Kate for three months. 5 get my round a word/ sound 2 My grandad (work) in that factory for many years. 6 pattern 3 Ryan (text) me three times this morning. 7 ______endings 4 I (not visit) Greece in the summer. 8 order 5 Harry (play) the piano for years, but he (not make) much 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer. Use the ideas in progress. the listening and the phrases in exercise 7 to help you. 6 I (not have) any breakfast this morning. 7 Jack (spend) six years training to become a doctor. Which of the following areas have you struggled with? 8 I (use) the same smartphone for at least two years. Why? a grammar and sentence structure e reading 5 fflm Listen to five people talking about learning b vocabulary f writing English. For each person, say what they have found most c speaking g pronunciation difficult and why. d listening and intonation 6 fflm Listen again. For each person, say what they have 2 What have you done to overcome the problems? How done to overcome their problems. successful have you been? 3 What is your 'top tip' for other learners of English?
- Vocabulary Builder Language terms: page 126
IIIEI Unit 1 Introduction www.ZabanBook.com I can use differentpast tenses correctly. &,tw
1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. LOOK OUT! 1 How long does it take to learn a language well? After time expressions like after,as soon as, and by the 2 Are there ways to speed up the process, do you think? time we can use the past simple or the past perfect 2 Read the text. How successful was David Bailey's attempt simple and the meaning is the same. to learn French quickly? How do you know? After I"d finished/ I finished dinner, I went out. Without a time expression, the choice of tense is important because it tells us the sequence of events. It was the summer of 2005 and a My parents got home. I tidied my room. ,.. British internet entrepreneur ...., b My parents got home. I'd tidied my room . David Bailey was staying with a French friend in a tiny village in France. As a student, David 5 Read the !_ook out! box. What is the sequence of events in examples a) and b)? ; had learned Spanish to a fluent standard, but since ,.... 6 Read the pairs of sentences. Explain the difference in then, he'd been working so meaning, if there is one. _: hard that he hadn't had time to study French. So he had decided ... to learn French - and learn quickly. In France, David set up a a I took notes while the teacher was speaking. ,..., strict daily routine. In the mornings, he woke up and wrote out b I was taking notes while the teacher was speaking. 2 a Tom had been spending all his money on apps. ; regular and irregular verb tables for about two hours. While -.. he was writing, he listened to language-learning CDs. Then he b Tom had spent all his money on apps. ran for 45-60 minutes in the French countryside. He listened to 3 a When we saw the man, he climbed onto the roof. ; catchy French music as he was running - and sang along! In the b When we saw the man, he'd climbed onto the roof. afternoons, if he wasn't playing darts or boules with his French 4 a When I walked into the room, everyone cheered. J friends, he was reading Charlie and the Chocolate Factoryin b When I walked into the room, everyone was cheering. ,., French. He found that reading books in French that he'd read S a Grace had been making dinner when I arrived. in English as a child was a great language-learning tip. After b Grace had made dinner when I arrived. '"' seventeen days, David left the small village but he didn't go home 7 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Use the ,.., immediately. He went to Paris, where he met a girl in a coffee ri shop. They hadn't been chatting for long when she commented past simple, past continuous or past perfect (simple or continuous). Sometimes more than one tense is possible. ;". on his excellent French. She was sure that he had been living in France for at least a year! In 2004, Daniel Tam met boarded a plane to Reykjavik ,..,------�-----�------� accompanied by a TV crew. He 1___ __(travel) 3 Find one affirmative and one negative example of these to Iceland to attempt something incredible: Daniel 2 tenses in the text in exercise 2. _____ (decide) to learn Icelandic in just one week. For several years, Daniel 3__ ___ (surprise) people past simple 3 past perfect simple with his amazing mental abilities. A few months earlier, he 2 past continuous 4 past perfect continuous 4_____ (astound) experts by reciting the number pi to 22,500 decimal places from memory. And four years .,.Grammar B'ui der 1.2 page Hll beforethat, he 5__ ___(come) fourth in the World Memory Championships. But in trying to learn such a difficult 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs language in only seven days, he 6____ _ (take) on his in brackets. Use tenses from exercise 3. Sometimes more greatest challenge so far. Although Daniel 7____ _ than one answer is possible. (learn) languages successfully for years, after two days of 1 I _____ (get) ready for bed when the phone Icelandic, he 8_____ \struggle). He 9______(ring). (not make) much progress, it seemed. But then everything 2 They _____ (not get) married until last month 10____ _ (change). 'Suddenly he was like a sponge; his although they (be) engaged for years. teacher remembers. 'He 11_____ (absorb) grammar 3 He (have) paint in his hair because he and vocabulary at an amazing speed: After seven days, to see _____ (decorate) his room all morning. how well he 12 _____ (learn) the language, Daniel 4 (arrive) at 9 a.m. but he _____ 13__ ___ (appear) on TV and 14_____ (succeed) (leave) for work already. in giving an interview in fluent Icelandic. S When I _____ (open) the curtains, I knew it _____(rain) because the pavements _____ 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss what you have learned (be) still wet. from the texts about learning a language. What were some 6 This morning, while we _____ (rehearse) for the of the reasons for David's and Daniel's success, in your school play, one of the teachers (take) opinion? Are there any tips you could copy for your own photos. studies?
Unit 1 Introduction IJIII www.ZabanBook.com Talking about the future I can talk about predictions, plans, offers, routines. &�w---j··
4 Read the Learn this! box and the examples from the listening below. Match the highlighted phrases 1-10 with uses a-k. 1 I'm planning to go abroad - as soon as I finish university. 2 I've promised mum I'll ge� a proper job, as she calls it. 3 he course starts in October. Do you think English will become more or less important 4 I'm going to stud engineering at university. as an international language in the future? Why? 5 I'm meeting my teachers tomorrow to talk about the application process. 1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the question above. 6 English is everywhere nowadays and it's going to become Consider the relevance and importance of the ideas below. more important for sure. At the university I'm planning to study at, the importance of the internet 7 the teaching 2 the success of China and India materials and lectures will all be in English. 3 the dominance of American popular culture 8 I hope to add another language - hopefully German. In 4 the influence of the former British Empire fact, thinking about it, I definitely will. 5 communicating in business, science and travel 9 If I am able to speak English really well, it will give me an 6 how easy is it to learn English edge when applying for a job. 10 After my degree, I think I'll continue to study, for a PhD. 2 ft& Listen to five people talking about the importance of English in their future lives. In your opinion, who has the .,.Grammar Builder I.4 page 133 most compelling reason to learn English? Why? 3 ft& Listen again. Match speakers 1-5 with the LOOKOUT! questions A-G. There are two extra questions. • Sometimes there is no difference between will and Which speaker ... going to for predictions. You're going to/You'll failyour exam if you don't.revise. A hopes to specialise in foreign languages?_ B wants to study English abroad?_ • Sometimes there is no difference between going C will find English indispensable?_ to and the present continuous for plans and D will have an advantage in the labour market?_ arrangements. E would like to be an English teacher?_ rm going to seeI I'm seeing Debbie t.hisevening. F will use English only in their leisure time?_ G will need English for travel?_ 5 Read the Look out! box. Then complete the sentences with a future form. Sometimes more than one form is possible. LEARN THIS! Future forms Give reasons for your choice(s). We use will: : Unit 1 Introduction - Vocabulary Memories I can describe childhood memories. 1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think back to your own childhood. Ask and answer the questions below. Then find out how many people in the class can answer all of the questions confidently. Can you remember ... 1 the name of your school teacher when you were five? 2 what you enjoyed watching on TV when you were four? 3 what types of food you really liked or disliked when you were three? 4 who you played with when you were two? Unit map 5 your favourite toy or game when you were one? •vocabulary 2 VOCABULARY Study the words below. Which are related to remembering and which Remembering and forgetting Idioms: memory are related to forgetting? Personality Remembering and forgetting • Word Skills Verbs blot out evoke recall remind reminisce suppress Phrasal verbs (1) Nouns mind nostalgia recollections •er.am a, Adjectives evocative lasting unforgettable Question forms Habitual actions 3 Complete the text about childhood amnesia with words from exercise 2. What three synonyms for 'remember' (two single verbs and one phrase) are there in the •Listening Designer babies . . . completed text? THE FIRST two or three years of your t�\• �--dJJl� life are full of new and, you would think, •Reading Bad beginnings _____ experiences. But the reality is that 2 most adults can _____ almost nothing from those very early years, their earliest _____ being, on average, from the age of about three and a half. This phenomenon is oft�n referred to as 'childhood amnesia'. Interestingly, young children are often able to •speaking Interview bring to 4_____ certain events from their first two years of life but, for reasons which are not fully understood, they generally lose this abilityas they get older. (The artist Salvador Dali claimed he could recollect being in the womb, but there is no way to prove or disprove this!) •writing Opinion essay Do those earliest memories disappear or does 5 •culturel the mind _____ them for some reason? The Legend of King Arthur Nobody is sure. As well as this tendency to lose or _____ memories from the first three years, most people have far fewer memories up to the age of eight than for other periods in their lives and they are often quite sketchy. Sometimes a picture or a piece of music can • Literature 1 _____ you of something or someone The Sword in the Stone, from years ago, and smells can be particularly 8 TH White _____ • It is also possible for a sight, •vocabulary Builder page 126 smell or sound to 9__ ___ a feeling - (inmrna1t Blc1.r.,- for example, 10__ ___- rather than a specific memory. We still do not know exactly how the human mind stores information, but we do know that people who frequently 11____ _ about childhood experiences are more likely to create 12_____ memories. Unit 1 Beginnings 4 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Define 'childhood amnesia' in FLUENCY! one sentence. Do your answers to exercise 1 support the Some adjectives go naturally with certain nouns, whereas theory or contradict it? �I) others with a similar meaning do not. Learning these 5 Choose the correct words in the sentences. Then complete collocations will help you sound more fluent. Study the them with your own ideas. Use your imagination. adjectives from a-d which fit this example: When my grandfather is with friends, they like to sit and I have a(n) _____ memory of our first meeting. evoke/ reminisce about .. a dim distant hazy vague 2 My aunt has blotted/ suppressed out most of her b abiding clear enduring strong vivid memories of boarding school because .. c fond pleasant 3 One thing that is particularly evocative/ unforgettable of my uncle's childhood abroad is ... d bitter painful traumatic 4 The sound of fireworks has always recalled/ reminded my grandmother of ... 10 Read the Fluency! box. Then find another adjective for group 5 My uncle feels a lot of nostalgia/ recollections for the days a in the second paragraph of the text in exercise 3. when ... 6 One thing that made an evocative/ a lasting impression 11 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Tell your partner some of your on my grandmother in her youth was ... earliest memories. Use adjectives from the Fluency! box to describe them. How many details can you remember? 6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Compare your answers to exercise 5. How similar are your endings? Do they show you understand the meaning of the word you chose? 7 if.Ni Listen to four speakers talking about something which reminded them of early childhood. For each speaker, answer the questions below. Where was the speaker at the time and what was he or she doing? 2 What reminded the speaker of his or her childhood? 8 if.Ni VOCABULARY What idiomatic phrases do the speakers use instead of the underlined words? Use the correct form of the idioms below. Listen and check. Idioms: memory a trip down memory lane to come flooding back to have a memory like a sieve to jog your memory to know sth by heart to rack your brains to ring a bell to take you back to 1 The title didn't remind me of anything. 2 Surprisingly, the story didn' t cause me to remember anything. 3 Some of it really reminded me of my childhood. 4 It was an experience which brought back lots of memories. 5 All the memories suddenly came back to my mind. 6 The amazing thing is, I still knew all the words from memory! 7 Mind you, she's got a very bad memory, so I wasn't too surprised. 8 I've been trying hard to remember ever since but I just can't remember. 9 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions below. Can you think of ... 1 a poem or song lyric which you know by heart? 2 a particularly evocative smell which takes you back to your childhood? 3 something you do to jog your memory if you have something important to remember? Unit 1 Beginnings 1111111 www.ZabanBook.com &�w��, S SPEAKING Work in groups of four. Form two pairs, A and B. Pair A make a list of: a the benefits of setting up a business with a friend. b the drawbacks of organising an event with a friend. Pair B make a list of: a the drawbacks of setting up a business with a friend. b the benefits of organising an event with a friend. 6 SPEAKING Work in the same groups of four. Now form two new pairs, with one student from Pair A and one student from Pair B. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of 1 SPEAKING Describe the photo. How do you think the the two activities. Try to maintain the interaction by using people are feeling? What are the advantages of doing this the phrases in exercise 3. activity with a friend? ...... a �;::�:� !�: �:��s(��g the different options in this f task, you and your partner may not share the same opinions. In this case, you should negotiate to try to reach · an agreement. Negotiating involves: I, • disagreeing politely and justifying your opinion. • asking whether your partner agrees. • conceding a point. • concluding the discussion. J.'. 2 rtlBJ Read the task above. Then listen to two students 7 KEY PHRASES Read the Speaking Strategy. Complete the doing the task. Answer the questions. phrases with the words below. Which points in the task did they cover? along come disagree fair going happier help 2 Which advantages and disadvantages do they give for each point suppose way wonder wrap point? Disagreeing politely .- ...... I can't __1 ___ thinking that .. Speaking Strategy (1) That's one 2 of looking at it, I suppose, but .. In the discussion phase of a collaborative task, avoid Maybe, but I just 3 if .. repeating the words in the question. For example, when Asking if your partner agrees 4 you are asked to discuss advantages and disadvantages, Would you be _____if ? use synonyms for these words: You wouldn't 5___ __ with that, would you? It's a plus for me having a friend to study with. Would you go 6__ ___with that? I find it difficult to stay focusedwhen I study with a Conceding a point 7 friend, so for me, it's a minus. Good _____ . I hadn't thought of that • ....,.�!tl!ll'lolllll>'t-�����-��� ______enough. I can accept that 9 Yes, I _____ you're right 3 KEY PHRASES Read the Speaking Strategy. Then complete Concluding the discussion the phrases with the words below. So, have we 10__ ___to a decision? added benefit downside drawbacks main outweigh Which one are we 11 _____ for, then? plus pros Let's 12 this up, shall we? Talking about advantages and disadvantages Which of the activities is likely to cause the greatest 1 the_ ____ {dis)advantage of ... is .. problems in a friendship? 2 one major__ ___ / drawback of ... is ... 3 the upside/____ _ of ... is ... 8 rtmJ Read the question above. Then listen to the same 4 weighing up the_ ____ and cons ... , I'd say ... two students answering it. 5 ... has some additional benefits/__ ___, such as ... 6 ... has the___ __ bonus of .. 1 Which of the key phrases from exercise 7 do they use? 7 the advantages _____the disadvantages 2 What decision to they come to? 8 for me, it's a _____/ minus 9 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Turn to page 151 and do the 4 rtllD Listen again. Which phrases from exercise 3 do the speaking task. Use phrases from exercises 3 and 7. speakers use. How do they complete them? - Unit 3 Partners www.ZabanBook.com Online campaigns I can infer information which is implied rather than overtlystated. �,tw�J, 1 SPEAKING What is an online petition? Have you ever 4 (tJm Listen to five people talking about Change.org. signed one? Why?/ Why not? Were their petitions successful or unsuccessful? Is the 2 SPEAKING Read the text. What's the difference between a information clearly stated or only implied? grassroots campaign and 'astroturfing'. Why do you think it 5 (tJm Listen again. For questions 1 and 2, choose the is called 'astroturfing'? correct answer (A-H) for each speaker (1-5). There are three extra sentences. e Why does each speaker start the petition? A to prevent a new building development_ B to help preserve a public facility_ When Change.org was launched C to prevent somebody from coming to the UK_ in 2007, its mission was to D to stop antisocial behaviour_ give a more prominent voice E to help a family remain in the country_ to local campaigns organised F to protect small businesses in the area_ by ordinary people. These G to generate publicity for a business_ 'grassroots' campaigns could H to force an amendment to a new law attract thousands of supporters a day using online petitions and, 2 What surprises each speaker about the experience? for the first time, exert genuine A the technical difficulty of setting up the petition_ influence on government and B the number of people who signed_ big business. There have been some notable successes and, C the ruthless tactics of a commercial company_ as the idea has caught on in more and more countries, the D an absence of support from friends and family_ number of users has skyrocketed. But there have also been E a lack of gratitude_ criticisms. Some people say the choice of domain name F the accusations of bullying_ implies that Change.org is a charity, whereas in reality it is G the feeling of anti-climax afterwards_ a commercial organisation. Also, it has been claimed that H the media interest in the petition_ companies use the site for 'astroturfing'- that is, using multiple fake identities in order to make a commercial 6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think of a petition you would like campaign resemble a grassroots campaign. But perhaps the to start on Change.org. It can relate to a local, national or most damaging criticism, strenuously denied by Change.org, global issue. Use the examples below to help you. is that what began as a way of challenging the power of large multinational corporations has itself become one, and sAve t>V1t.sw1MMl«ti ft>t>J.-lI has in the process lost sight of its original mission. Invest in edu��lion. NO MORE HUNTING • . -...... ·· BAN INSECTICIDES. · Listening Strategy . £,U4l taif4t, /otaAlli Sometimes information can be implied rather than clearly stated. For example, a subsequent contrast or I MAKE OUR STREETS SAFER! 11 concession can make the speaker's opinion clear: We spent the morning shopping for souvenirs, but then KEY PHRASES Complete the phrases with verbs below. we had a relaxing a�ernoon at the beach. Then decide on the wording of your petition and make a (Implication: the morning was not relaxing.) list of reasons why it is important. Use the key phrases to help you. 3 (tllD Read the Listening Strategy. Then listen and bring cut initiate make provide put raise reverse choose the correct implication. Justify your choices. Does Politics and change everyone in the class agree? 1 _____ the red tape (surrounding ... ) 2 The speaker's brother was/ wasn't keen to help with the _____ a stop to ... petition. 3 _____ the trend (towards ... ) 2 The speaker was/ wasn't happy his sister came to stay. 4 _____ in legislation (to ...) 3 The speaker found the first term's topic interesting/ 5 _____ it easier/ harder/ illegal for people to .. uninteresting. 6 _____ more funding (for ...) 4 The speaker is/ isn't a fan of modern classical music. 7 _____/ reduce taxes (so that ... ) ___ 5 The speaker thinks climate change is/ isn't an important 8 __ a project to ... issue. 8 SPEAKING Share your ideas with the class and explain 6 Numbers have surged/ dwindled at the speaker's athletics why your petition is important. Take a class vote with each club since last year. student voting for their three favourite petitions. Which 7 The speaker wants/ doesn't want to go on holiday in May. petition gets the most support? Unit4 Changes IJIIII Quantity I can use articles and quantifierscorrectly. 1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss these questions: Do you LEARN THIS! Quantifiers always behave in a logical way? Can you think of a time The choice of quantifier will depend not only on meaning when you or somebody else behaved illogically? :G); "" but also on: 2 Read the text. What is the main difference between a • register (formal or informal). 'nudge' and a WPI? • countability or uncountability of the noun. • whether the sentence is affirmative or negative. • whether it is a question. For 1many years, psychologists have known that 2a lot of our behaviour is influenced by factors we are not 4 Read the Learn this! box. Then look at the list below and consciously aware of. Sometimes, we get into bad habits say which quantifier(s): 3 which we cannot seem to break, however much effort we 1 is the most informal? 4 make. Simply telling ourselves to change has Little or no 2 can only be used with countable nouns? (x3) 5 effect. But there are a few psychological tricks which can 3 can only be used with uncountable nouns? (x2) help us on the road to self-improvement. 4 is used more often in negative sentences and questions In 1982, a professor at the University of Virginia tried than in affirmative sentences. an experiment. He showed 6 half his class (Group A) a good deal of all any both enough every fewer statistics which demonstrated that new students always half less loads of most none of some struggle at first but. then improve. Group B received 7none of this information. Over the next year, Group P(s - Grammar Builder 4.2 page 140 grades improved faster than Group B's and 'lfewer of them dropped out of university. Why? Because they did not 5 Explain how the choice of article or quantifier alters the blame themselves for 9any of their early failures; they saw meaning or register of the sentences below. (Both are them as normal. This experiment was an early example correct English.) of what psychologists now call 'wise psychological We found a/ one restaurant near the hotel. interventions' or WPis, which enable self-improvement by 2 I spent an/ the whole afternoon tidying my room. removing mental blocks. 3 The teacher asked each/ every student to name a film. 'Nudges' are similar to WPis but their effect is more 4 Not all/ None of my friends went to the par ty. 10 immediate. Governments have shown a great deal of S A few/ Few people visit the islands in winter. interest in 'nudges' because they offer a way of altering 6 Strangely, she couldn't remember both/ either of her own people's behaviour without the need for new Laws. In email addresses. one study, researchers wondered whether 'nudges' could 7 Loads of/ Many people who tried to buy tickets for the improve the health of people who were not eating event were unsuccessful. 11enough fruit and vegetables. They drew a line across 8 I had never had the chance to study Drama at any/ either the middle of supermarket shopping trolleys and wrote of my previous schools. 'fruit and vegetables' on one side. Because it looked as 9 To be honest I hadn't realised that both/ neither of my 12 if one half of the space in the trolley was for fruit and parents had visited the USA. vegetables, shoppers bought more. 6 SPEAKING Complete the short text about a psychological experiment using the words below. Then in pairs, discuss questions 1-3. 3 Look at the highlighted quantifiers in the text. Tick the any both little most neither some alternatives below which make sense in the context and are grammatically correct. You are given £100 and told that you can a) some./ b) a lot of./ c) much)( keep 1_____ of it as long as you offer 2 a) any of b) much of c) a good deal of _____ of it - however 3 _____ 3 a) lots of b) more c) some to a stranger. If the stranger rejects your offer, 4 a) hardly an b) hardly any c) a little or no 4 of you gets 5 5 a) several b) some c) some of the ______money. 6 6 a) a half b) half of c) one half of _____ of you know the rules. 7 a) not any of b) any of c) neither of 8 a) any b) enough c) nearly every 1 What is the most logica I way for the people to behave? 9 a) all of b) none of c) more of 2 How do you think people in the experiment actually 10 a) some of b) all of c) lots of behaved in practice? Why? 11 a) many b) either c) no 3 How would you behave in each of the two roles in the 12 a) a good deal b) a lot c) much experiment? ·iii Unit 4 Changes 1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Which science-fiction topic does each photo represent? Name a book or a film that features STORIES have contained an element of fantasy since each of the topics. literature began, but it wasn't until the emergence of modern science during the 19th century that the genre 2 Read about the early days of science fiction in literature. we know today as science fiction was born. Arguably, the What is the significance of the dates below? s first science-fiction novel ever written was Mary Shelley's 1864 1895 1896 1920 1926 1930 1932 1930s-1950s Frankenstein in 1818, which featured a mad scientist dealing with advanced technology. However, the fathers 3 Read the text again. Answer the questions in your own words. of the genre are generally considered to be the French Why is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein considered the first writer Jules Verne and HG Wells, who was British. In science fiction novel? 10 Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1864), Verne used the 2 Which two authors are credited with writing the first technology of the day in a daring adventure, while Wells created a scientific device in The Time Machine (1895) to science fiction novels? show Victorian society the error of its ways. 3 Who or what made the genre popular in the USA? Thanks to Verne and Wells, the influence of science 4 Which word entered the English language from Czech? 1s fiction spread, not only throughout France and Britain, What does it mean? but also across the Atlantic to the US, where Edgar Allan 5 How were dystopian novels regarded before Brave New Poe had already published The Unparalleled Adventure World? of One Hans Pfaal in 1835, a story about a flight to the 6 Where did science fiction flourish after the Golden Age of moon in a balloon. Many other American authors began literature? 20 to incorporate science and technology into their works, but the genre really took off in the US at the turn of the 4 SPEAKING Work in pairs. What do you think is the appeal century with the birth of inexpensive fiction magazines of science fiction? known as 'the Pulps' in 1896. In 1926 the magazine Amazing Stories began, which was devoted exclusively to 5 i+&HI Listen to a podcast about science fiction in the cinema. Match 1-6 with the film titles below. 2s works of science fiction and gave rise to the first sci-fi fans. Meanwhile, the genre had reached other countries, a 2007: A Space Odyssey d Metropolis such as the former Czechoslovakia, where in 1920 the b A Trip to theMoon e Star Wars playwright Karel Capek published R.U.R., the first work c Forbidden Planet f TheMatrix about robots, introducing the word robot, Czech for Which science-fiction film ... 30 slave or servant, to the world's vocabulary. The early 1 was the first to be made? _____ 20th century also saw the birth of the dystopian novel, stories about individuals trapped in repressive societies 2 was the first to feature an intelligent machine? ____ _ in the future with little hope of escape. These works were 3 was the first to have a futuristic soundtrack? ____ _ largely ignored by mainstream critics until Aldous Huxley 4 gives an accurate description of an interplanetary voyage? 3s published Brave New World in 1932, an ironic portrait of an apparently happy society created by means of genetic 5 has been made into a famous brand? _____ engineering. 6 is set in a dystopian virtual world? ____ _ The middle of the 20th century saw the Golden Age of science fiction, with the publication of many classic 6 Listen again. Which three events in real life have iffl§I 40 stories and the arrival in 1930 of a new magazine called influenced the evolution of the genre? In what way? Astounding Science Fiction. The 'big three' science-fiction 7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. writers at the time were the Americans Isaac Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein, and the British author Arthur C. 1 Have you read any of the books or seen any of the films in Clarke, but there were also many others. By the end of the lesson? If so, tell a partner. If not, which would you like 4s the 1950s, writers were moving on to new topics and this to read or see? Why? signified the end of the Golden Age of science fiction 2 If you were making a science-fiction novel or film, what in literature. By then, however, the genre had begun to would it be about? Use ideas from the lesson or your own triumph in another area: the motion-picture industry. ideas. - Culture Bank 1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Which do you prefer, reading books or watching TV? Why? ifiHfj The firemen are acting on another tip-off. Montag findshimself in front of his own house. This time, he is 2 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the information about Ray wearing a radio earpiecethat enables him to speakto a Bradbury and Fahrenheit 451 with the correct prepositions. friend, a man named Faber. s Montag stood looking in now at this queer house, made strange by the hour of the night, by murmuring neighbour Published in 1953, Ray Bradbury's award-winning novel voices, by littered glass, and there on the floor, their covers Fahrenheit 451 appeared during the Golden Age of torn offand spilled out like swan-feathers, the incredible 1 science fiction. The title derives __the temperature books that looked so silly and really not worth bothering 1 2 3 10 __ which paper ignites. Set __ a dystopian with, forthese were nothing but black type and yellowed society, in which reading is illegal and 'firemen' burn paper and ravelled binding. Mildred, of course. She must have watched him hide the any books that are found, using kerosene to set them books in the garden and brought them back in. Mildred. alight, the story explores the fate 4__ fireman Guy Mildred. 2 Montag. 1s 'I want you to do this job all by your lonesome, Montag. The novel was written during the McCarthy era, a Not with kerosene and a match, but 3piecework, with a 5 flame-thrower. Your house, your clean-up.' period __which the US government was actively 'Montag, can't you run, get away!' pursuing any communist sympathisers in the country. 'No!' cried Montag helplessly. '4The Hound! Because of 6 Having witnessed the burning __books in Nazi 20 the Hound!' Germany during the 1930s Bradbury was concerned Faber heard, and Beatty, thinking it was meant for that his own country might choose to adopt similarly him, heard. 'Yes, the Hound's somewhere about the repressive measures. At the same time, he saw the neighbourhood, so don't try anything. Ready?' 7 'Ready.' Montag snapped the safety-catchon the flame- emergence of radio and television __a threat 2s thrower. not only to reading, but also to society in general, 'Fire!' 8 as he believed that mass media could act __ a A great nuzzling gout of flame leapt out to lap at the books and knock them against the wall. He stepped into the bedroom and fired twice and the twin beds went up in a 30 great simmering whisper, with more heat and passion and 3 ifilfj Listen to an extract from Fahrenheit 451. The light than he would have supposed them to contain. He firemen are acting on a tip-off about an old woman with a burnt the bedroom walls and the cosmetics chest because he stash of books in her attic. Who starts the fire? Why? wanted to change everything, the chairs, the tables, and in the dining-room the silverware and plastic dishes, everything 4 ifilfj Listen again. Choose the correct answers. 3s that showed that he had lived here in this empty house with Beatty says the books must be burned because they're a strange woman who would forget him tomorrow, who had gone and quite forgottenhim already, listening to her a out of date. b in a foreign language. 5 c unrealistic. d too academic. Seashell radio pour in on her and in on her as she rode across town, alone. And as before,it was good to burn, he 2 Montag appears to be more ... than the other firemen. 40 felthimself gush out in the fire, snatch, rend, rip in half with a persuasive b dedicated to his job flame, and put away the senseless problem. If there was no c advanced in years d compassionate solution, well then now there was no problem, either. Fire 3 Montag is carrying ... concealed inside his jacket. was best foreverything! a a recording device b a stolen book 'When you're quite finished,' said Beatty behind him. c a secret camera d a lethal weapon 4s 'You're under arrest.' 5 SPEAKING Work in pairs. What do you think will happen to Montag if the object in his jacket is discovered? 6 Read a later extract. Check your answer in exercise 5. What is Beatty making Montag do? 7 Read the extract again. Answer the questions. 1 Which exchange in the dialogue is between Faber and Montag? 2 What do you discover about Montag's wife, Mildred, and the nature of their marriage? 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. GLOSSARY 1 type: printed letters Why do some governments and organisations consider 2 by your lonesome: on your own books to be dangerous? 3 piecework: bit by bit 2 Do you think that the dystopian society portrayed in 4 The Hound: a dog-like machine used to catch suspects Fahrenheit 457 could exist in real life? Why?/ Why not? 5 Seashell radio: a small radio that fits into the ear Literature Bank 1111 ISBN 978-0-19-452051-5 9 117801941 1115205151 OXFORD Thi1d Edition Advanced Workbook b ;J;:7=1(Jh Third Edition Workbook rim Falla Paul A Davies OXFORD lane Hudson with Alex Raynham UNIVERSITY PRESS Past simple and present perfect A I can use the past simple and present perfecttenses. 1 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or present 3 Write suitable responses. Use the present perfect simple or perfect simple of the verbs below. Sometimes you need present perfect continuous. a passive verb. Your hands are covered in mud I be be change come invent live prove rule see Yes, 1·ve been working in the garden. start tell 2 I wonder why Ben hasn't been at school lately. 1 Come quickly' The film___ _ _ I guess______2 She_ ____ a lot since I last_ ____ her. I 3 The floor in the kitchen is slippery. hardly recognised her. That's because Dad______3 _____paper _____ by the Chinese or the 4 Harry and Jess aren't speaking to each other. Egyptians?' I know.______'By the Chinese.' 5 You're looking very slim! 4 Queen Victoria_____ for 63 years, until her death Thanks. ______in 1901 6 Why aren't you going to the football match. 5 Tom____ _ very busy this wee k. Didn' t you know? It ______6 As a child I in Oxford for a number of years. 7 Why are you so tired? 7 'When you first__ ___ to the UK�' 'In 2012, so I here for about five years.' 8 Look outside. The road is all wet. 8 Ever since he was little he__ ___ that he wasn't Yes, ______very bright. Now he them wrongl 4 Complete the email with the verbs in brackets. Use the 2 Choose the correct tense. Sometimes both answers are past simple, present perfect simple and present perfect possible. continuous. 1 'What's happened/ been happening?' 'I've cut/ been cutting my finger.' F 2 How long have you known / been knowing Jason? �t Hi Sally, 3 Haven' t you finished/ been finishing your essay yet? I'm so sorry I ______[not bel in touch for a while. You've worked/ been working on it for days! ililI !� I 2 [tryl phoning you a couple of times 4 I wonder why we haven't heard/ been hearing from Kate. 3 last week but you [not pick upl. Anyway, I've expected/ been expecting her to phone for a while i I • [hardly/ have) a moment to myself now. these past few weeks - I 5 [revise) for 5 6 How long have you lived/ been living in France? my exams, which ______[start) on Monday. I 6 Who's used/ been using my phone? The battery's dead. ______[have) three al ready: French, maths and history. Maths and history•______[be) awful, 9 but French ______[go) well, which was a bit of a surprise as I 1° (only/ learn) it for two years. As soon as 1 11______[finish) my exams I plan to go to France. I 12 (apply) for quite a few jobs and I 13 [receive) a couple of offers. 1 But 1 • [not hear) back yet from the one I really want - working as an au pair in Bordeaux. Anyway, give me a ring when you have a spare moment. Love, Hannah ·• Unit I Introduction Past tenses I can use differentpast tenses correctly. Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the past 3 Look at the timeline. Then write sentences using the simple or the past continuous. prompts and the correct past tense. argue borrow get not listen not seem revise spend think Jake didn't want to come to the park with me because he 1984 - born in Liverpool ______for his exam. 1991 - moves to London, changes school 2 I noticed the sad look in Lucy's eyes and knew she 1993 - moves to Bristol, changes school again ______about her grandfather. 1995 - starts secondary school in Bristol 3 After retiring, our neighbour ______two 2001 - leaves school but is unable to find work years travelling around the world. 2003 - get s a job in London, moves there 4 As the teacher gave the instructions, she could tell some of Today -continues in the same job and home r the students ______J.. 5 Outside, it was a miserable day: the sky was grey and the in 1986- live in Liverpool rain ______heavier. In 1986. Tom was living in Liverpool. 6 My cousin my bike a year ago and has 2 by 1992 - move to London never returned it. 7 Kelsie woke up suddenly; in the street outside, two men 3 in 1994-live in Bristol ______loudly. 8 Even though their holiday was about to start, the children 4 by 1997-go to secondary school-two years ______excited. 5 2 Tick (.I')the correct verb form to complete the sentences. between 2001 and 2003 -not have a Job Tick {.I)both if both are correct. 6 by 2013 -work in London - ten years 1 By the age of eighteen, Ben__ his university degree. a had completed b had been completing 2 Her face was pa le, as though she_ _ a ghost. 4 Complete the blog post using the correct past tense of the a had seen b saw verbs in brackets. 3 As we__ in Spain forseveral years, we all spoke good Spanish. a had lived b had been living e 4 Lucy wasn't at home when I called for her; she_ _ into town. Two years ago, I '------(decide) to 2 a had gone b went move to Japan for six months. I ______S He a shower when we arrived, so he hadn't heard us (always / want) to learn Japanese and I __3 ______(even / try) a few online knock at the door. lessons, but without much success. The only a had had b had been having answer, in my opinion, __• ______(be) 6 I wish I more attention when we studied this to live there for a while. During the the eight years grammar point in class. since leaving university, I 5 a had paid b had been paying (work) non-stop in a well-paid job, so taking six 7 His eyes were red, as though he __. ,,, months off 6______(seem) financially a had cried b had been crying possible. Three months after making the decision, 7 8 As soon as__ his dinner, he went out. I ______(sit) on a flight to Tokyo! 8 Finally, my dream ______(become) a b a he'd finished he finished 9 reality. Before leaving the UK, I ______(find) an apartment to rent in a quiet part of the city. I remember waking up on my first morning there and thinking how beautiful everything looked. The sun 10 ______(shine) and the birds 11______(sing) in the trees. I ______(go) out to buy some food from the nearest shop -and that's when my problems ______(begin). Unit I Introduction - Talking about the future I can talk about predictions, plans, offers, routines. 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use will or 3 Four of these sentences would be better expressed with a going to. different future form. Identify and rewrite them. apply carry come out have lend love travel vomit 1 Have you heard? Liam and Sarah will have a baby. Did you know that Joseph______for a place at Oxford University? 2 I______my car serviced next week. It's 2 'When is the next episode of that drama on?' booked in for Tuesday. 'On Monday evening at nine.· 3 I______one of your suitcases, if you like. 4 I feel terrible. I think I·------5 Look! The clouds are beginning to break up. The sun 3 If you don't work harder, you're certainly failing your exams. 6 'What are your plans for when you leave school?' 'I______around Asia for a year.' 4 Watch out! That ladder will fall! 7 _____you still__ ___ me in ten years' timel 8 'Oh dear. I've forgotten to bring any money ' S You definitely aren't going to be able to use a calculator in 'Don't worry. I______you some your maths exam. 2 Choose the correct future forms. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 6 'What are your plans for when you leave school.' There's the doorbell. I'll answer/ 'm answering it. 'I'm going to take a gap year.' 2 I promise I'll text/ text you as soon as I get/ 'II get to the music festival. 3 Chelsea will/ are going to beat Manchester United in the final, for sure. 4 Complete the conversation. Use will, going to, the present continuous and the present simple. 4 Phone me tomorrow. I'll be/ 'm / 'm going to be at home. S We'll probably go/ probably go/ 're probably going to go Henry _____ you______(go) to to Italy next August. We usually go there in the summer. Jake's party on Friday? 6 do/ 's going to do/ does/ 's My sister isn't sure what she'll Martha No, I _2 ______. I __3 _____ doing when she graduates from university. (go) away this weekend with my mum and dad. We 7 leaves/ will leave The bus Manchester at seven, and as ______(head of f) to Amsterdam. We are no/ be no/ aren't going to be any long as there 'II ______(visit) the Van Gogh museum arrive/ arrives delays, it'll in London at ten. and the Rijksmuseum. 8 I visit/ 'm visiting/ 'm going to visit/ 'II visit my 6 Henry Oh, that ______(be) interesting. grandparents on Saturday. 7 Martha Yes, I (look) forward to it. Henry What time 8 (be) your flight? Martha It 9 (leave) at six from Heathrow, so we 10______(be) in A[!1?Jerdam by eight. Tu···· ·"- 1 11 __ _ Well;jhav.e. ·a· good time. _____ ·.c:;c ;.,t;.. ti! .:. � 1 ;-. ,;;; .(�e)1y0L:{0rnltimenext week. '£·,::T>ii ·Pf ti! t: ;f; ·:if.?· ;.'.l ' ..,.3.Q�!'i.� 1'12• ( .. . •••. ::..: � • (phone) you when I • f.� �.,, ; .. •·· ·••••·r·• " it . fu :_(gr=tb§d<), · � .:�:.:-: Memories A I can describe childhood memories. 1 Circle the words which mean 'remember'. 3 ffiijefj Complete the questions about speakers 1-5 with blot out call to mind evoke recall recollect remind the words below. Use each word once. Then listen and choose the correct answer (a-c). 2 Choose the correct words to complete the text. If both are evocative lasting recalling reminding reminiscing possible, choose both. What made a _____ impression on Speaker l? a A friend's act of kindness. b The unpleasantness of a house full of pets. c The feeling of walking to school alone. 2 Why did Speaker 2's mother find their trip to Paris very a It brought back memories of a holiday with her husband. b It reminded her of a visit to Paris with her own father. c It took her back to her days at university. 3 What do Speaker 3's father and uncle spend hours _____ about? a The farm where they grew up. b Family get-togethers when they were young. c The adventures they had by the sea. 4 What keeps _____ Speaker 4 about an embarrassing event? "" a A particular food at her work canteen. 7��:?· b Meeting the teachers from her primary school. In general, people have surprisingly few 1__'.'__::fmrr C" their early childhood. They may be able to:ca1JJi 2�- c Eating in a restaurant. 5 a small number of vivid scenes, but most pf �vyhatcthe-Y,,. Which part of his childhood does Speaker 5 spend little experienced during those formative years can�never b.e time______3 . However, for a handful of individu91s)r:iJbe.world, it- , a The time he spent living in Italy. 0 is very different. For the fifty or so people in the World who b The first few months after returning to the UK. have a condition called hyperthymesia, ever/single day is c The time he spent as part of a football team. Not only can these people 5 __ everything that has 4 Complete the idioms with the words below. Then match happened to them; they can also pinpoint the exact date. them with the correct endings (a-f). Interestingly, their amazing memory only applies to details bell brains heart lane memory sieve about their own life. They are no better than average at 6__ other information. While there are benefits to 1 I've been racking my but having hyperthymesia, there are also disadvantages. 2 Your name rings a but For example, people with the condition are unable to 3 It was a trip down memory when 7 __ unhappy or embarrassing memories. Many people 4 You jogged my when probably look back on their childhood with a sense of 5 I've got a memory like a so 8 __ precisely because they have conveniently forgotten 6 I know my aunt's address by so some of the bad bits! a we visited my old primary school. b I'm always missing meetings and appointments. b a memories recollections c I can't remember the name of my first teacher. 2 a brain b mind d I don't need to look it up on my phone. 3 a recalled b reminded e we've never met before. b 4 a lasting__ unforgettable__ f you mentioned it was Frazer's birthday. 5 a recollect b reminisce 6 a recalling_ _ b remembering__ 7 a blot out b suppress__ 8 a nostalgia__ b recollections :• Unitl Beginnings Talking about stories A I can talk about books and stories. 1 Complete the email with the words below. There are two 3 Match the adjectives below with the words and phrases. extra words. There are two extra words. believable dialogue evocative happy humour identify chilling compelling evocative humorous predictable intriguing love mystery pace slow-moving thought-provoking unconvincing [email protected] 'Nasty and frightening.'_ ____ 23 'Unbelievable.' ______'Unsurprising.' ______Thanks for the book. I like novels with a fast '------and 45 'Amusing.'______an_____ 2 _ plot, and that novel had both. And even though 'Addictive reading.'______I don't usually like a '------ending, it wasn't sentimental 6 'It really makes you think.' _____ at all. There was a lot of 4 in it too - I laughed out 4 Complete the idioms and set phrases. loud several times! 1 The illustration on the front is awful, but don't judge a Anyway, it's my turn and I'm sending you Parallel, by Lauren Miller. It's about a girl who wakes up one day in a different life and then book______5 2 It's a real page-_____. I couldn't put it down. has to solve the ______of how she got there. The 3 6 The book is at first heavy but it speeds up character of the girl (Rory) is very ______, and you can 7 8 later. easily ______with her. Her ______interest is a handsome but slightly annoying boy called North. I really hope you 4 Jack's a real ______- he spends all his money in enjoy it - I'm putting it in the post today. 5 bookshops. Happy reading! It isn't good______because it's scary and it'll keep you awake. 6 He doesn't say he hates the government, but you understand that if you read______5 1fi8nj Listen to four people talking about books. Which 2 Choose the correct words to complete the book review. literary form does each speaker talk about? 1 32 ______ 4 ______Emile Zola's masterpiece' Germinal 1set / written 6 is in the poor French mining village of Montsou in the · This speaker ... mid-1800s. The novel A says that the book has both humorous and macabre 2hinges / opens as a young moments. man, Etienne Lantier, B thinks the work is unconvincing in places but has good arrives one cold March descriptions.__ day. He stays, and soon C says that the story has a lot of suspense and likes the way feels outrage at the poor the plot contains some red herrings._ _ D villagers' desperate lives. As says that the work is light-hearted but not shallow._ _ written, Etienne leads a miners' str:ik1�;\1h. icr�. I§c.f E finds the story very touching and compares it to another •central / Drawn, .b'10l'·IS repressed. to thl� tne-t-ne type of literature._ _ of how the poor are ex1p1cntE·ct 'p1oi11ts novel has many interesting alt vie,iv. t tJ turns, '. and the characters are be,a .1 :i 1 l 7action /narrative"; ,: �. t�itif1�1,[i'11·�] · Although the r vivid and memorable. ., •mE/:j Unit 2 Stories Conditionals I can use a range of conditional sentences. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 4 Match the parts of the sentences and complete them with I would have slept much better last night if you hadn't told the words below. Use the words more than once. / didn't tell me that horror story. in case provided supposing unless 2 If Jack had found out about the party, he would/ will Take some money with you . be here. 2 ______they ask me why I want the job, .. 3 If you had read/ read this book, you'd really like it. 3 ______you need to contact me, ... 4 We would have enjoyed/ would enjoy the film more if the 4 Max will come to the cinema with us, ... characters had been more believable. 5 I won't forgive you ______5 We'd have/ 'II have nicer costumes for the play if we'd a ______that he doesn't have to work late. spent a little more money on them. b here's my email address. 6 The novel would be too sentimental if it would have/ had c what shall I say? a happier ending. d ______they don't take accept credit cards. 2 Write sentences using mixed conditionals. e you apologise for what you said. we/ have/ an easier time in Paris last month if we/ speak 5 Choose the correct words to complete the text. / French 2 I/ not have to/ fix your computer all the time if you/ buy/ an anti-virus programme Tim Berners-Lee is usually credited with inventing the world wide web 1 3 if people/ not invent/ cars, trains/ still be/ the main form in the 1980s, but __ for many of transport other people, today's internet would not exist. If computer technology 2__ advanced rapidly after World War II, we wouldn't have 4 if Toby/ apologise/ for what he said, I/ not be/ so angry had the infrastructure needed to with him build the internet. The computer 3 revolution __taken place without the work of Alan Turing, who built the first modern computer in the 1940s. 4 5 if you/ check/ Facebook more often, you/ know/ about And __ people hadn't used binary code for centuries in smoke signals. Morse code and textile machines - would the Literature Festival we have thought of using it to write computer programmes? It's difficult to imagine what the world would be like today if we __5 the internet, because the technology is so 3 Tick (.1)the correct sentences and rewrite the incorrect interwoven with our daily lives. But 6__ the internet ones. suddenly stopped working? Some scientists think this 7__ one day - if the energy from a big solar storm hits 1 Should Claire phone I'd tell her that you're busy. Earth, it 8__ electronic devices worldwide. 9__ we protect computer networks better, we 10 __ one day be in big trouble! 2 You'd do well, were it not for your lazy attitude. a wouldn't it b had it not been c were it 3 Had you not come, I wouldn't know anyone here. 2 a wouldn't b hadn't C didn't 3 a hadn't had b didn't have c wouldn't have 4 a provided b in case c supposing 4 Was I more confident, I'd ask Darren out. 5 a hadn't invented b wouldn't invent c won't invent 6 a as long as b provided that c what if 7 a would happen b happens c could happen 5 Had you have asked me, I would have helped you. 8 a disabled b disables c may disable 9 a As long as b Unless c Supposing 10 a may b would c can Unit 2 Stories Im Cumulative Review 3 (Units I-5) Grammar and vocabulary 4 The writer thinks that the growth of megacities ... 4 Choose the correct words to complete the text. a is definitely a good thing. a using b were used c being used d that used b will mean that governments can't cope. 2 a hadn't b didn't yet c were not d couldn't c may well be unstoppable. been have d will be bad for mankind. 3 a most b few C more and d far more S What message does the last paragraph contain? more a The difference between a better or worse future 4 a propose b recommend c inform d claim depends a lot on what we do. S a as b like C being d as if b We need to halt the growth of mega cities immediately. 6 a be making b are making c have made d be made c We must invest more money in new technologies. 7 a they are b it c could be d so d Wealthy countries will continue to act unfairly towards 8 a insist b argue c agree d urge developing nations. The streets of growing cities are often built on old farm land, so food for the city's sky-rocketing population has to come from f�rt,herand further away. One solution may be to build farms inside tne city - in small empty spaces between buildings, or even on rooftops:lhere are already such city farms in small cities like Havana and Vantouv8:r; but The word 'robot' first appeared in the big challenge is to scale these up for megacities, .,wh8:regpace is Jn Karel Capek's 1920 play RER, which even shorter supply. For this reason, some people envisage huge ver:tical portrayed robots'----- farms in skyscrapers, where food can be grown on each floor. . as factory workers before they Megacities like Sao Paulo and Los Angeles - where hundreds of new rebelled and began to kill their cars go onto the streets every week - are regularly paralys1:id by traffic 2 human bosses. At the time, real robots _____ invented, congestion. Clearly, transportsystems will need to be totally redesigned but today they are a part of our lives. Robots are being used to do to cope with escalating urban populations. To this end, China will soon _____ jobs all the time, and they are useful in farmore have developed an electric bus which can carry up to 1,000 people! And ways than Capek could have dreamed. But what if he was right? this megabus won't be taking up any space on the road - it's designed 4 Todaymany scientists _____that robots could to be like a bridge on wheels, travelling over other traffic:� one day be a grave danger to mankind. They point out that The growth of megacities is probably inevitable, but wjll it be a good the computing power of devices is doubling every few years. or a bad thing? Optimists point to cities like Shanghai and Chengdu, Given this fact, it's seen 5______inevitable that one day which have transformed themselves and radically improved life.for. machines will be able to think. But when that happens, will they their populations. However, others point to megacities like Mumbai be friendly or hostile towards us? and Jakarta, where population growth far outpaces the abili'ty of- Armed military robots are already used on the battlefield local governments to provide enough infrastructure. At the end of the - albeit under human control. But could robot soldiers day, wealthy governments need to do their bit to help improve the _____their own decisions one day, and could they infrastructure of cities in developing nations. If they do this, megacities also commit terrible atrocities? People like Elon Musk and will become magnets of technology, education and culture, creating new Stephen Hawking certainly think'-----possible. They opportunities for mankind. If they don't, untold millions will be forced to _____ us to find ways to control thinking machines live in poverty-stricken, crime-ridden cities, competing desperately for before the first ones appear. If we don't, they warn, thinking dwindling resources. machines could find ways to control us! Writing 5 Read the essay task below and write an essay of 220-260 words. Remember to plan your paragraphs before you start writing. Some people argue that wind power is an important energy technology which helps to protect the environment. Others say that wind turbines are ugly structures which spoil the landscape. Write an essay which presents the advantages and disadvantages of using wind power. Cumulative Review 11!111 Functions Bank - Eliciting a response What do you think of the idea that .. ? (7G) What's your view of ... ? (7G) Don't you agree that ... ? (7G) Would it be fair to say that ... ? (7G) Why do/ don't you like the idea of .. ? (7G) Would you prefer to ... ? (7G) What do you like/ dislike about ... ? (7G) w 1 ! 1 Causes and consequ�nces This situation/ state of affairs has been brought about by ... (8H) This is due to .../ This is the result of ... (8H) One reason for ... is ... (8H) The situation/ problem has been exacerbated by .. (8H) The principle cause of ... is ... (8H) This has given rise to ... (8H) One of the main consequences of .. is ... (8H) This has resulted in ... (8H) Consequently, ... / As a result, ... / Hence, ... (8H) Dealing with interruptions Can I just stop you there for a moment? (9G) Sorry for interrupting, but ... (9G) Excuse me for butting in, but ... (9G) Before you go on, I'd just like to say ... (9G) If I could just come in here, I think ... (9G) Sure. What do you think? (9G) That's OK. What did you want to say? (9G) Yes, of course, go ahead. (9G) Please let me continue. (9G) Can I complete my train of thought? (9G) Do you mind if I finish? (9G) As I was saying , I think ... (9G) Continuing where I left off .. (9G) Where was I? Oh yes, ... (9G) Evaluating· an experience/ event Broadly speaking, ... leaves a lot to be desired (9H) The downside of my placement was ... (9H) In general, ... lived up to my expectations. (9H) On the whole , I gained a great deal/ very little from ... (9H) In terms of ... , ... definitely has/ had the edge over ... (9H) The ... was superb, unlike the ... , which was appalling. (9H) Weighing up the different factors, I would say ... (9H) ;;;:,�:·:• Functions Bank Oxford University Press is the world's authority on the English language. As part of the University of Oxford, we are committed to furthering English language learning worldwide. We continuously bring together our experience, expertise and research to create resources such as this one, helping millions of learners of English to achieve their potential. ISBN 978-0-19-452053-9 UNIVERSITY PRESS www.oup.com/elt 9 78019411 11520539 I