PHANEROZOIC and PRECAMBRIAN CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY 2016

Series/ Age Series/ Age Erathem/ System/ Age Epoch Stage/Age Ma Epoch Stage/Age Ma Era Period Ma GSSP/ GSSA GSSP GSSP Eonothem Eon Eonothem Erathem Period Eonothem Period Eon Era System System Eon Erathem Era 237.0 541 Anthropocene * Ladinian Ediacaran Middle 241.5 Neo- 635 Upper Anisian Cryogenian 4.2 ka 246.8 proterozoic 720 Holocene Middle Olenekian Tonian

8.2 ka Triassic Lower 249.8 1000

Lower Mesozoic Induan Stenian 11.8 ka 251.9 Meso- 1200 Upper Changhsingian Ectasian 126 ka Lopingian 254.2 proterozoic 1400 “Ionian” Wuchiapingian Calymmian Quaternary Pleisto- 773 ka 259.8 1600 cene Calabrian Capitanian Statherian 1.80 Guada- 265.1 Proterozoic 1800 Gelasian Wordian Paleo- Orosirian 2.58 lupian 268.8 2050 Piacenzian Roadian proterozoic Rhyacian Pliocene 3.60 272.3 2300 Zanclean Kungurian Siderian 5.33 Permian 282.0 2500 Messinian Artinskian Neo- 7.25 Cisuralian 290.1 Tortonian Sakmarian archean 11.63 295.0 2800 Serravallian Asselian Meso-

Miocene 13.82 298.9 r e c a m b i n P Neogene Langhian Gzhelian archean 15.97 Upper 303.4 3200 Burdigalian Kasimovian Paleo- C e n o z i c 20.44 306.7 Archean archean

Aquitanian Penn- Middle Moscovian

23.03 sylvanian 314.6 3600 Chattian Lower Bashkirian Oligocene 28.1 323.2 Eoarchean Rupelian Upper Serpukhovian 33.9 330.9 4000 Priabonian Middle Visean 38.0 Carboniferous 346.7 Hadean (informal) Missis- Bartonian sippian Lower Tournaisian Eocene 41.0 358.9 ~4560 Lutetian Famennian 47.8 Upper 372.2 Ypresian Frasnian Units of the international

Paleogene 56.0 382.7 Thanetian Givetian chronostratigraphic scale with 59.2 Middle 387.7 Paleocene Selandian Eifelian estimated numerical ages. 61.6 393.3 Colors are according to the Danian Emsian

66.0 Devonian 407.6 Commission for the Geological Maastrichtian Lower Pragian 72.1 410.8 Map of the World. Campanian Lochkovian Subdivisions of the Phanero- 84.2 419.2 Santonian Pridoli zoic (~541 Ma to Present) and Upper 86.5 423.0 Coniacian Ludfordian the base of the Ediacaran are P h a n e r o z i c P 89.8 Ludlow 425.6 Turonian h a n e r o z i c P Gorstian defined by a basal Global 93.9 427.4 Boundary Stratotype Section

Cenomanian a l e o z i c P Homerian 100.5 Wenlock 430.5 and Point (GSSP ), whereas Albian Sheinwoodian the Precambrian units are

Cretaceous formally subdivided by absolute 126.3 438.5 Barremian Llandovery Aeronian age (Global Standard Lower 130.8 440.8 Hauterivian Rhuddanian Stratigraphic Age, GSSA). 134.7 443.8 Stratigraphic information and Valanginian Hirnantian 139.4 445.2 details on international and Berriasian Upper Katian 145.0 453.0 regional geologic units can be Tithonian Sandbian 152.1 458.4 found on the websites of the Upper Kimmeridgian Darriwilian Geologic TimeScale Founda- 157.3 Middle 467.3 Oxfordian Dapingian tion

163.1 Ordovician 470.0 M e s o z i c Callovian Floian https://engineering.purdue.edu/s 166.1 Lower 477.7 tratigraphy and Bathonian Tremadocian Middle 168.3 485.4 the ICS www.stratigraphy.org. Bajocian Stage 10 170.3 489.5 Aalenian Jiangshanian This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg

Jurassic Furongian 174.2 494 Toarcian Paibian 183.7 497 Pliensbachian Guzhangian Lower 191.4 500.5 Sinemurian Series 3 Drumian 199.4 504.5 Hettangian Stage 5 201.4 509

Rhaetian Cambrian Stage 4 ~ 209.6 Series 2 514 Upper Norian Stage 3 ~ 228.5 ~ 520

Triassic Carnian Stage 2 237.0 Terre- ~ 530 neuvian * Anthropocene under discussion Fortunian 541.0